备战2025年高考二轮复习 英语 阅读理解 考点分类练12　主旨大意题（3）（含解析）

考点分类练(十二)主旨大意题(3)Passage1(2024湖南衡阳二模)主题:人工智能词数:371难度:★★★☆☆Withartificialintelligence(AI)androbotictechnologyimprovingatimpressiverates,therearesomewhoworrythatthere’sariskofartisticandcreativepeoplebeingreplaced.AnewstudybytheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology,however,isshowingexactlywhythatcan’tandshouldn’thappen.ItallstartedwhentheSouthKoreancompanyposedthisquestion:Canrobotsreplaceconductors?Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton(自动化)began.Atfirst,itwasdesignedlikeamachine,anddidn’tliveuptoexpectations.Thenthecompanysoughtwaystoimproveit.Intheend,itwasgiventwoarmswithjointstocopywristsandelbows,allowingittomoveasticksimilarlytohowahumanconductorwouldmoveit.ItwasnamedtheEveR6robot,andstandsat1.8meters.Itwasfinallytimetofigureouthowitcouldfollowthroughonitsmusicalrole.“Wegotinvolvedinthisprojecttoseehowfarrobotscangoinmorecreativefieldslikethearts,andwhatthechallengesare,”Dong-wookLee,aseniorresearcherattheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnologysaid.Inordertopullthisoff,Dong-wookLeecooperatedwiththeBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,“Feel”byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind.Topulloffthisimpressiveperformance,therobotwaspreprogrammedtoconductthrough30cyclesofbeatpatterns.Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisational(即兴的)score,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.Together,theypulledoffamasterfulperformancethattheaudienceseemedmorethanhappytohavehadtheopportunitytowitnessitfirst-hand!Withtheconcerthavinggonesowell,thisisonlythestartofEveR6.Still,nomattertheimprovementsthey’reabletomaketothisAndroidrobot,thehumanconductorisn’tconcernedaboutbeingreplaced.“Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,”Soo-yeolChoisaid,“butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着人工智能(AI)和机器人技术以惊人的速度发展,一些人担心艺术和创意人才有被取代的风险。然而,韩国工业技术研究所(KoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology)的一项新研究恰恰说明了为什么这不能也不应该发生。1.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThefunctionoftheEveR6robot.B.ThedevelopmentoftheEveR6robot.C.TheEveR6robot’sroleasaconductor.D.ThedifficultyindesigningtheEveR6robot.答案B解析主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的“Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton...andstandsat1.8meters.”可知,第二段主要讲述了EveR6机器人的研发过程。2.Whatcanbelearnedabout“Feel”?A.Itisapiecefamiliartotheaudience.B.Itisapieceshowingthehuman-robotcooperation.C.ItistheonlypiecethatEveR6willperform.D.Itisapiecerequiringgreatabilitytoconduct.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,‘Feel’byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind”可推知,“Feel”是一个展示人机合作的作品。3.WhatroledidSoo-yeolChoiplayintheperformance?A.Hecorrectedtherobot’smistakes.B.HeprogrammedtheEveR6robot.C.Heledtheimprovisationalsectionoftheperformance.D.HewasthemainconductoroftheBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisationalscore,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.”可知,他在表演中指挥演出的即兴部分。4.WhatisSoo-yeolChoi’sattitudetowardsEveR6?A.Unclear. B.Uncaring.C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,’Soo-yeolChoisaid,‘butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.’可推知,Soo-yeolChoi对这个机器人持支持的态度。Passage2(2024山东枣庄二模)主题:聊天机器人词数:312难度:★★★☆☆Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?Dependingonthesite,thechatbotisprogrammedtorespondaccordinglyandevenaskfollow-upquestions.ChatbotsareaformofconversationalAIdesignedtosimplifyhumaninteractionwithcomputers.Theyareprogrammedtosimulatehumanconversationandexhibitintelligentbehaviorthatisequivalenttothatofahuman.Chatbotscommunicatethroughspeechortext.Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichisabranchofartificialintelligencethatteachesmachinestoread,analyzeandinterprethumanlanguage.Thistechnologygiveschatbotsabaselineforunderstandinglanguagestructureandmeaning.NLP,inessence,allowsthecomputertounderstandwhatyouareaskingandhowtoappropriatelyrespond.Withdevelopmentsindeeplearningandreinforcementlearning,chatbotscaninterpretmorecomplexitiesinlanguageandimprovethedynamicnatureofconversationbetweenhumansandmachine.Essentially,achatbottriestomatchwhatyou’veaskedtoanintentthatitunderstands.Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers,andthenitusesthoseanswersagain.Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chatbotshavestartedtoenterourlives.Inalmosteveryindustry,companiesareusingchatbotstohelpcustomerseasilynavigatetheirwebsites,answersimplequestionsanddirectpeopletotherelevantpointsofcontact.PersonalassistantslikeSiriandAlexaaredesignedtorespondtoawiderangeofscenariosandqueries,fromcurrentweatherandnewsupdatestopersonalcalendars,musicselectionsandrandomquestions.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了聊天机器人的工作原理和应用。5.WhydoestheauthormentionSiriandAlexainparagraph1?A.Toexplainhowachatbotworks.B.Toshowwheretofindachatbot.C.Togiveexamplesofchatbots.D.Tocomparedifferentchatbots.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversation...Thankyouforvisitingoursite.”可知,作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是给出聊天机器人的例子。6.Whatisthebasisofchatbots?A.Languagestudy.B.Datatransmission.C.Socialinteraction.D.Naturallanguageprocessing.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP)”可知,聊天机器人的基础是自然语言处理。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reinforce”inparagraph4mean?A.Inspire. B.Strengthen.C.Organize. D.Match.答案B解析词句猜测题。根据上文“Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.”以及下文“thenitusesthoseanswersagain.”可知,“Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers”表达的意思是“你的积极回应强化了它的答案”,画线词reinforce与strengthen“巩固,强化”意思一致。8.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thefuturetrendofchatbots.B.Theauthor’spredictions.C.Theeffectsofchatbots.D.Theapplicationsofchatbots.答案D解析主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知,最后一段主要讲关于聊天机器人的应用。Passage3(2024湖南娄底一模)主题:快时尚企业衣服生产过剩词数:369难度:★★★★★Theimpactoffastfashionontheenvironmentissignificant.RecentlyZara,oneofthelargestfast-fashionretailers(零售商)intheworld,putforthaconceptthatonlysustainablefabricsareusedinclothingproduction.ButhowcanZaraeverbesustainable?Theyproducearound450milliongarments(衣服)ayearandrelease500newdesignsaweek,about20,000ayear.Zara’sfast-fashionmodelhasbeensosuccessfulthatithasinspiredanentireindustrytofollowthem.Clothingproductiondoubledfrom2012to2022.Theaverageconsumerbought60percentmoreclothingin2022thanin2012,butkepteachgarmenthalfaslong.Andlessthanonepercentofallclothingproducedgloballyisrecycled.Ispendalotoftimereadingthecorporatesocialresponsibilityreportsoflargebrandsandinterviewingmicro-to-smallsizedenterprisestoseehowtheyapproachsustainability.Thelargestsignificantdifferencebetweenthemisculture.Smallbrandsfocusoncreatingacultureofsustainabilitybyusingstrategieslikeproducingmade-to-order,sotheyarenotmakingmorethanwhatissold.Mostsmallbrandsareoptingtoworkunderan“anti-fashioncalendar”.Theychoosenottofollowtheintenseseasonalcalendarthatfashionfunctionsunder.Theydothisbecausewasteisoneoftheirbiggestconcerns.Theyalsodesignclothingtobeofthehighestquality,ensuringdurabilityandlongevity,soyoumaykeepitlonger.Fastfashionisa“growordie”business,andthefast-fashiongrowthmodelusedbyalllargecompaniesispredicatedonlimitlessgrowth.Largeglobalcorporateretailersarenotseekingtochangetheirfundamentalbusinessmodelorcreateculturesofsustainability.Thatwouldrequirere-workingtheirentirebusinessstructureandultimatelyhurttheirbottomline.

IwouldstarttobelieveZaraandotherlargefashionbrandshadgoodintentionstofightclimatechangeiftheystartedtolookathowtomoveawayfromtheircontinuousofferingsofweeklynewproducts.Theyneedtointroducealternativesustainablebusinessmodelpractices.Onesmallstepcouldbetoofferrepairortailoringservices.Tailoringcreatesclothesthatfitperfectly,subsequentlyincreasingtheiremotionalvalue,sothatwelovethemandkeepthemlonger.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍快时尚企业生产过量的衣服,破坏生态环境,不符合可持续发展,希望他们能引入可持续发展的商业模式。9.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththenumbersaboutZarainparagraph1?A.Zaraisnoteco-friendly.B.Zaraispopularwithconsumers.C.Zaraisalargefast-fashionretailer.D.Zaraisasuccessinfashionindustry.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ButhowcanZaraeverbesustainable...anentir