广东省廉江实验学校2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷

廉实2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷高二英语第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）AUnderstandingFinancialAidforCollege:AGuideManyfamiliesareshockedbyacollege’sstickerprice.Whilethecostoftuitioncanbeoverwhelming,financialaidcanmakehighereducationmoreaffordable.Hereareafewanswerstocommonfinancialaidquestions.WhatAretheDifferentTypesofFinancialAid?Therearetwotypesofaid:need-basedandmerit-based.Need-basedaidisdeterminedbyafamily’sdemonstratedabilitytopayforcollege.Meritaid,onontheotherhand,canbeawardedbyaninstitution,collegeorprivateorganizationtoastudentforaspecifictalentoranathleticoracademicability.Theseawardsaren’tbasedonfinancialneed.HowDoIApplyforFinancialAid?YouneedtofiletheFreeApplicationforFederalStudentAid,knownastheFAFSA.Thisapplicationisusedbymanystateagenciesandschoolstodeterminecollegeaid.Thisisusuallybasedontheirhouseholdincomeasreportedonfederalincometaxes.Someschoolsmostlyprivatecolleges---useaformcalledtheCSSProfiletodeterminehowtogiveouttheirownfunds.ThisformismoredetailedthantheFAFSAandcanbemoretime-consumingtocomplete.Forinstance,theCSSProfiletakesintoaccountassets（资产）thatareexcludedontheFAFSA,aswellasinformationaboutmedicaloradditionaleducationalexpenses.TheinitialsubmissionfeefortheCSSProfileis$25;eachadditionalreportis$16.WhenWillIReceiveaFinancialAidAwardLetter?Financialaidawardletterstypicallygoouttocollege-boundstudentsinearlyspringusuallyshortlyaftertheyreceiveacollegeacceptanceoffer.1．Whoaremostlikelytoreceivemerit-basedfinancialaid?A．Studentswhoexcelinsports. B．Studentsstrugglingacademically.C．Studentswithgreatfinancialneed. D．Studentsactiveincommunityservice.2．HowdoestheCSSProfiledifferfromtheFAFSA?A．Itisalesscomplicatedform. B．Itchargeslessforapplication.C．Itismorewidelyusedamongcolleges. D．Itdigsdeeperintothefamily’sfinances.3．Whendostudentstypicallyreceivetheirfinancialaidawardletters?A．Rightaftertheyregisterforcollege. B．Duringtheirfirstsemesterincollege.C．Betweenadmissionandthestartofcollege. D．Beforereceivingacollegeacceptanceletter.BNotallheroeswearcapes（斗篷）andSteveMontelongoprovedthestatement.Whilehedoesn’tconsiderhimselfahero,hehassavedthelivesofthreepeopleduringthelasttwodecades.The80-year-oldmanwasintherightplaceattherighttime,whenhepulledamanoutofhissinkingcarafterhehadaccidentallydrivenintoariver.Montelongojumpedtotheman’shelpwithoutanyhesitation（犹豫）orregardtohisownhealth.Theaccidenthappenedwhiletheelderlymanwastakinghisgranddaughterhomeafteradentist’s（牙医）appointment.Theyhadstoppedatatrafficlightwhenthegirlsawthecarfallintotheriver.Montelongogotoutofhiscartocheckoutthesceneandinstantlynoticedthatwaterhadbegunrushingintothevehicleofthetrappeddriver.Hewalkedintotheriverandmanagedtoopentheautomobile’sbackdoor,whichfortunatelywasunlocked.Asthewaterbegantorushintothecarfaster,the80-year-oldmanagedtopullthe62-year-oldJackSwartsfromthecarbyhisshirt.Helatersaidinaninterview---“Idon’tconsidermyselfahero.Iwasjustamanthatgotputintherightplaceattherighttime”---wordsfromagenuinemodern-daygoodperson.This,however,wasn’tMontelongo’sonlyactofheroism.Nearly20yearsago,hehelpedtwoofhisneighborsgettosafetyastheirhousewascaughtinafire.Hewas62yearsoldatthetimeandhadtokickopenhisneighbor’sfrontdoortopullout80-year-oldKathimeMattoxand79-year-oldWayneMaxwell.Duringtherescue,Montelongosufferedchestpainsandhadtobehospitalizedbutmadeaquickrecovery.HewasawardedtheCarnegieHeroFundCommissionmedalforthisbraveryandactofheroism.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph1mean?A．Everyonewantstobeahero. B．Ordinarypeoplecanbeheroes.C．Heroesdeservetobepraised. D．Heroeshavetowearspecialclothes.5．HowdidMontelongosaveJackSwarts?A．Bypullinghimoutofthecar. B．Bymanagingtorestartthecar.C．Bygivinghimfirstaidtreatment. D．Byclearingthecarofwater.6．WhatcanweinferaboutMontelongofromhiswordsintheinterview?A．Heissmart. B．Heismodest. C．Heiscourageous. D．Heisresponsible.7．WhatcanwelearnfromMontelongo’sstory?A．Aheroisamanofconfidence. B．Careplaysanimportantpartofcourage.C．Forwhattheyoughttodo,suchapersonisbrave. D．Themostterribleenemyisthelackofstrongfaith.CScreamifyouwanttochargeyourphone.Thankstothewondersofscience,ridersonThorpePark’snewattraction,arollercoastercalledTheWalkingDead,cannowpowertheirsmartphonesbyscreamingloudly.That’sbecausetherearedevicesonitthat“harvestkineticenergy（动能）”.Theparkconductedresearchwhichshowsthatpeople’sbiggestfearistheirphonesrunningoutofbattery,sothedeviceshouldprovepopular.AlloftheWalkingDead’scarriageshavebeenfittedwiththeharvestingdevices,whichnotonlyharvesttheenergyofscreams,butthatfromg-forceandvibrations（振动）oftheride,too.Itisstoredinapowermanagementunit.Theunitisthenremovedfromthecarriagesbystaffintheparkanddepositedintoanon-sitemobilechargingpointwhereridegoerswillchargetheirdevices.3.The188m88mm×67mmenergyharvesterisjetblack,blendingintoitsdarkandmysterioussurroundingsontherollercoasterthemedaroundtheglobalTVshows.ThorpeParksaid:“Ifthrill-seekersarebraveenoughtoopentheireyes,theywillseeasetofLEDlightsinbloodredpoweringupasguests’screamsbecomelouder…throughoutthe90-secondexperience.”DesignedandinstalledbyresearchersatQueenMaryUniversityLondonandtheengineeringteamatThorpeParkResort,thetechnologytookthreemonthstobecarriedout,fromdesigntoinstallation.Itwillbeavailableatthethemeparkforaninitialtrialperiod.ThorpeParkResort’sJohnBurton,whocameupwiththerideconcept,said,“TheWalkingDead’srideis15outof10onthescarefactorscale,soitmakessensetobeabletocombineandusethepowerofourvisitors’screamsandtheride’svibrationstohelpsolveaproblemeachandeveryoneofusfaces---losingthechargeonourmobileswhenwe’reonadayout.”DrJoeBriscoe,SchoolofEngineeringandMaterialsScienceatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,said“Thisisanexcitingconceptthatwillundoubtedlybeusedmorefrequentlyinthefuture.Thesystemusesaminienergyharvestertocapturethekineticenergy,transferringittoaseparateelectricalcircuitandstorageunit,whichisenoughtochargeamobilephone.”8．Wherecouldridegoerseasilygettheirphonescharged?A．Atthecarriage. B．Atthechargingpoint.C．AttheLEDlight. D．Attheenergyharvester.9．WhydoesJohnBurtonconsidertheconceptworkable?A．Becauseaminienergyharvesterisapplied.B．BecauseTheWalkingDeadismostfrightening.C．Becausetheparkhasquiteanumberofscaryrides.D．Becausealmosteveryonewillbefacedwithpowerfailure.10．What’sDrJoeBriscoe’sattitudetowardthetechnology?A．Neutral. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable D．Disapproving.11．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Anewbatteryforpoweringyourphoneisinvented.B．Visitors’screaminThorpeParkcanbeusedtochargethephone.C．Theconventionalmethodofchargingyourphoneisgraduallyoutdated.D．ThemosteffectivewayofchargingyourphonehasbeenfoundinThorpePark.DScientistshaveshownhowplantscanprotectthemselvesagainstgenetic（基因的）damagecausedbyenvironmentalstresses.Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveanin-builtmechanism（机制）thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.Plantshavesmallpopulationsofstemcells（干细胞）atthetipsoftheirrootsandshoots,whichenablethemtocontinuouslygrowandproducenewtissuesthroughouttheirlifetime.Thesestemcellsserveasancestorsforplanttissuesandorgans.However,anygeneticfaultspresentinthestemcellswillcontinuetoexistandbepassedonpermanentlythroughouttheplant’slife,whichcouldlastthousandsofyears.Giventhecriticalroleofstemcellsandtheirexposuretopotentiallydangerousenvironmentsatthegrowingtipsofrootsandshoots,safeguardsarenecessarytopreventstemcellfaultsfrombecomingfixed.ResearchersNickFulcherandRobertSablowski,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,aimedtocovertheseprotectivemechanisms.ThroughexperimentsinvolvingX-raysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecomparedtoothercells.WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthepropagationofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues.Thisprocesshassimilaritiestothesafeguardmechanismfoundinanimalcells,whichhasbeenbroadlystudiedduetoitsrelevanceinpreventingcancer.Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.12．Whatisthefunctionofthein-builtmechanisminplants?A．Toproducemorerootsandshoots. B．Toincreasetheoveralllifetimeoftheplant.C．Toenhanceplantgrowthandnutrientintake. D．Tostopgeneticfaultsinstemcellspassingon.13．Whatcanweknowaboutstemcellsinplantsaccordingtothetext?A．Theyareresistanttoenvironmentalstresses. B．TheymakequickresponsetoDNAdamage.C．Theyareplentifulinquantitytosomeextent. D．TheyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagedDNA.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propagation”inparagraph4mean?A．Existence B．Change. C．Spread. D．Self-repair.15．Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A．Themethodofdealingwithclimatechangeontheearth.B．TheimportanceofdiscoveringtheprotectivesysteminplantsC．Thewayofensuringplantsurvivalunderenvironmentalstress.D．Thenecessityofdevelopingplantsthatcanhandleenvironmentalstress.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youmaynotgetenoughphysicalactivitythroughouttheday,especiallysincesittingstillisrequiredorencouragedinmanyjobs,atschool,andinsocialsituations.Butthere’ssomethingyoushouldknow.16.Readtolearnwhetheryoumightbeclassifiedasinactiveorsedentary（久坐的）.Whatcountsasbeingphysicallyinactive?Whilethereisnostrictdefinitionofwhatcanbeconsideredasedentarylifestyle,researchershaveafewdifferentmeasurestoassesswhatasedentarylifestyleis.Onemeasureisthetimeanindividualspendsseatedduringwakinghours.17.Someotherresearcherslabelpeopleinactiveorsedentaryiftheytakefewerthan5,000stepsperday.Isphysicalinactivitydangerous?18Itcanalsoaffectthewaythebodyprocessesfatsandsugarsinthedietandleadtosomeweightgainifyouaren’tburningenoughcalories.Overthelongterm,sedentarylifestylesincreasetheriskofdeathfromheartdiseaseandcancer.Howcanyoupreventbeinginactive?Healthauthoritiesrecommendexerciseatamediumlevelforeither30minutesadayforfivedaysaweekoratotalof2hoursand30minutesperweek.19.Itcanworktobreakupsittingtimeandaddstepshourlythroughouttheday.Apedometerorfitnessbandcanshowyouwhetheryouaregettingenoughsteps.Manypeopleaimtotake10.000stepsperday,whichindicatesthatyouhavemetyourdailyphysicalactivitygoal.20,butthevalueofbeingmorephysicallyactiveisworthitforitsmanybenefits.A．TherearemanyoptionsforexerciseB．WalkingisaneasyactivitytoaddtoyourdayC．FixingasedentarylifestyletakessomeconsciouseffortaD．BeingphysicallyinactiveorsedentarycanincreasehealthrisksE．Intheshortterm,beinginactivecanincreasedepressionoranxietyF．SimplywalkingmoreordoinghouseholdchorespositivelyimpactshealthG．Spendingfourtosixwakinghhourssittingorlyingdownisconsideredsedentary第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LiamGarnerwasjust17yearsoldwhenhestartedoutonhisbigadventure---a20.000milebiketripfromAlaskatoArgentina.InearlyJanuary,hefinally21histrip,17monthsafterhestarted.Hehadatent,asleepingbag,aphone,afirst-aidkit,andsome22partsforhisbike.Otherthansome23water,hedidn’thavemuchelse.Initially,hisparentswere24,buttheybecamehisbiggestsupportersashetraveledsouthalongtheWestCoast,25MexicobyDecember.26upwithafriend,Logan,theyovercame27likeabikeaccident,extremeheat,andevenrobberyinColombia.InMexico,theyconsidered28becausetheincredibleheatmadebikingextremelydifficult.Butthings29oncetheyreachedCentralAmerica,andtheydecidedtokeepgoing.Withoutbeingdisheartened,Liampressedonthroughrain,sun,heat,cold,desertsandmountains.Finally,on306th,2023,hereachedUshuaia,Argentina,completinghis31journey.Now,accompaniedbyhisgirlfriend,Liamis32hometoCalifornia,fueledbyambitionto33abookdetailinghisincredibleadventure.Hedreamsof34otherstostarttheirownadventures,highlightingthateveryoneiscapableofamazingachievements;the35isbuildingconfidencetoattempttheextraordinary.21．A．continued B．planned C．finished D．proceeded22．A．extra B．spare C．protective D．attractive23．A．maps B．bags C．wine D．food24．A．uneasy B．.unwilling C．uncomfortable D．unbelievable25．A．surviving B．reaching C．escaping D．touring26．A．Putting B．Teaming C．Coming D．quitting27．A．challenges B．disadvantages C．Injuries D．disasters28．A．complaining B．pausing C．approaching D．quitting29．A．counteddown B．cooleddown C．putdown D．brokedown30．A．January B．February C．March D．April31．A．bearable B．enjoyable C．remarkable D．considerable32．A．backpacking B．leaving C．rushing D．tracking33．A．read B．buy C．record D．pen34．A．telling B．pushing C．sharing D．motivating35．A．puzzle B．key C．tool D．product第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenitcomestoaddictivefoodsandfoodswhicharemorethanworthyofbeingspreadalloversocialmediaChinesesugarpaintingdeservessometimeinthespotlight.Sugarpaintingis36conventionalChineseformoffolkart.Hotliquidsugarisused37(create)twodimensionalfigureslikesmallanimals.Sugarartisprettypopular38children,butit’sbeautifulenoughtoattractjustaboutanyone.Hotsugarispouredslowlyinathinlinefromasmallspoonontoaflatsurfaceusuallymadeofmetalandtheoutlineofthefigure39(draw)witharelativelythickstreamofsugar.Afterthemainoutlineisdone,thinner40(support)stringsofsugarareplacedtosupporttheoutlineandfillinthefigureofthebodyina41(combine)ofswirls,zig-zagsorotherpatterns.Thewholedesignisheldbyawoodenstick.Customers42(traditional)spin（旋转）anarrowonawheel,whichlandsonacertainfigure43(inspire)bynatureorwildlifeinformslikeadragon,fish,monkey,dog,birdorflowerbasket.ThisancientSichuanartformmightnotbeascommonasitoncewas,44itstillhasthepowertointeresttourists45comeacrosstalentedstreetartistsmakingtheseamazingcreations.第三部分课本单词填空（满分30分）根据首字母，应用选必修一（Unit3-5）和选必修二的单词填空，每空填一词，填入后确保句子语义通顺，形式正确。（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）46．Theroofc______（倒塌）undertheweightofsnow.47．Attheageoffiveheshowede______（杰出的）talentasamusician.48．Itwashardtod______（辨别）onetwinfromtheother.49．Nowthattheproblemhasbeenidentified,a______（合适的）)actioncanbetaken.50．Weareworkingonthea______（假设）thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.51．Therewasagenerale______（期望）thathewouldwin.52．Itseemedi______（不可思议的）)thatshehadbeenthereaweekalready.53．Eveninsmallcompanies,computersareane______（必不可少的）tool.54．Hiswifea______（陪伴）himonthetriplastyear.55．Is______（真诚地）believethatthisistherightdecision.56．Theh______（最重要的部分）ofmydayusedtobecookingMegamealwhenshecame57．Theweatherwasdampandf______（有雾的）afterthesnow.58．Wes______（订阅）)toseveralsportschannelseveryyear.59．Mya______（助手）willnowdemonstratethemachineinaction.60．Myi______（最初的）1reactionwastodeclinetheoffer.第四部分（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）学校是教育学生节约粮食的主阵地，你校为了提高学生珍惜粮食的意识举办了一系列的活动。假定你是校英语报的记者，请你为校英语报写一篇活动报道，内容包括：1．活动过程；2．活动反响。注意：1、词数80词左右：2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。JeffandIhadmanyconversationsduringtheyear,butIwillalwaysrememberthetimehetoldmeabouthisfamily.Hisfather.asuccessfulphysician,wascoldandstrictinJeff’swords.HisfatherhadevenpavedthewayforJefftoattendthesamecollegefromwhichhehadgraduated.Jeffwastwenty-sevenandasuccessfulbusinessplanneratacompany-withoutadegree.Hispassionwasskiing.Whenhegraduatedfromhighschool,hedecidedtodeclinehisfather’sofferand,instead,toworkwithaskipatrol（滑雪巡逻队）.Withpaininhiseyes,Jefftoldmehestillrememberedthedaywhenhetoldhisfatherhewasg