2021人教版必修第一册Unit4 Natural Disasters 课时练习题及单元测验含答案解析

Unit4NaturalDisasters

1、ReadingandThinking.....................................................................................................-1-

2、DiscoveringUsefulStructures......................................................................................-14-

3、ReadingforWriting......................................................................................................-23-

单元综合测验..........................................................-35-

1、ReadingandThinking

I.单词拼写

1.Naturaldisasters,suchasfloods,volcaniceruptions,eaiMhuuakes（地震）and

tsunamis,canhappenatanytime.

2.Thesedeadanimalsshouldbeburied（埋葬）immediatelysincetheyaren'tfittobe

eaten.

3.Ifyouaretrappedintheruins,pleasebecalmandwaitfortherescue（营救）teamto

help.

4.Abouttwentypercent（百分比）ofthestudentsinthisareacan'tpassthisexam.

5.Aftertheelectricity/电）wascutoff,thelightswentout.

6.Thoughexperiencingdisasters（灾害）,theystillhaveastrongdesireforstudy.

7.Peopleweredesperatelyseekingshelter（避难处）fromthegunfire.

8.Damage（损坏）causedbythefloodisveryterrible.

9.Uponhearingthefunnystory,everybodyburst（爆发）intolaughter.

10.Inancienttimes,peoplebelievedthattheycouldbebroughtbacktolifeafter

death（死亡）.

II.单句语法填空

1.Withmoreforestsdestroyed（destrov）,hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeing

washedawayeachyear.

2.Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewere

completelyinruins.

3.Thebigfirecausedgreatdamagetothebuildingbuiltlastyear.

4.Hewastryingtosavethegirltrapped(trap)intheburninghouse.

5.Biiryinu(burv)myselfinpreparingthecomingfinalexam,Ihavenotimetolearn

aboutthenewsathomeandabroad.

6.Anumberofteachersare(be)presenttoday,thenumberofwhomis300.

7.Second,therecordingpenwasnoteasytooperatc(operate),whichcausedmemuch

trouble.

8.Allthelistenersweregreatlyshocked(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewson

radio.

9.Whentheyputontheir3Dimageglasses,theywillfeelasthoughtheywere

(be)actuallyinaclassroomhavinglessons.

III.完成句子

1.Parentsalwayssparenoefforttopavethewayfortheirchildren'ssuccess.

父母总是会不遗余力为孩子的成功铺平道路。

2.Thesituationiseasvtochanceifyoutakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.

这种处境很容易改变，如果你考虑我的建议的话。

3.Fortunately,afterbeinetrappedontheislandfbraweek,thepolicecametotheir

rescue.

幸运的是，在被困在岛上一周之后，警察来救他们了。

4.Theheadteacheristoobusytoansweryourquestion.

校长太忙了没空回答你的问题，

5.MsMcCormack'sfeetflippedintotheairasifshewereanOlympicgymnast.

McCormack女士的双脚在空中翻转，就好像她是一名奥运体操选手。

6.Itisshockingthattheaveragestartingageofsmokinghastrendeddownwardover

thepastdecade.

令人吃惊的是，吸烟的平均年龄在过去十年里下降了。

I.阅读理解

A

（2021.南昌高一检测）

Asmostpeopleknow,inthelastfewyears,sandstormshavesweptacrossmany

citiesandareasofNorthChina,pollutingtheairanddisturbingdailylivesofhuman

beings.Peoplelookdirtyandsuffermanykindsofillnesses,suchasbreathdifficulty.

Thesandstormissuchaseriousproblemthatithasnotonlyweakenedtheindustrialand

agriculturaldevelopmentofourcountrybutalsocausedalotoftroubletotheliving

conditionsoftheChinesepeople.

Therefore,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenassoonaspossibletostopits

happening.Sohowshouldwedealwiththefrighteningsandstorms?

Someexpertsofferpracticaladviceasfollows:Foronething,moremoneyought

tobeputintotreeplantingandforestprotectioninordertokeepmorewateronthe

Earth.Foranother,governmentofallcountriesshouldmakelawsonenvironment

protection.Forexample,banningtheuseofthrow-awaychopsticksandpunishing

illegaltreecutting.Scientistsshouldalsostudyandfindwaystolowerthegradeofits

destructionandtoimprovetheenvironment.Asfbrsomeschools,educationabout

sandstormsshouldbespreadproperlyandtimelytomakemoreandmorepeopleattach

greatimportancetothisproblem.

Howpeoplelookforwardtosunnydayswithsoftwindtouchingtheirfacesnow

andforever!Thegoldendayscancomebacksolongaswetryourbesttoprotectthe

naturalenvironmentfromtodayon.AndthefactisthatwhatIexpectisnotjustadream.

Therearesomesweetfruitsfromtheearlyefforts.

【文章大意】本文阐述了沙尘暴对工农业及人们日常生活的影响，并提出了一些防

治沙尘暴的措施。

1.What'sthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Badinfluencessandstormsbring.

B.Waystoprotecttheenvironment.

C.Thebiggestcauseofsandstorms.

D.ThefastdevelopmentofChina.

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读本文第一段可知，沙尘暴在许多地区，污染了空

气，导致人们患呼吸困难等多种疾病，扰乱了人们的生活。因此，本文第一段主要

大意是A项“Badinfluencessandstormsbring.（沙尘暴带来的不良影响）”。

2.Howmanywaystodealwithsandstormsarementionedbysomeexperts?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，专家对处理沙尘暴提出了四项建议,

分别是：把更多的钱投入到植树和森林保护上；各国政府都应该制定环境保护法;

科学家们也应该找到降低环境破坏程度的方法；学校及时开展沙尘暴教育。故选

Co

3.Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutinthefollowingpart?

A.Whypeopleshouldalwayscarryonwithdreams.

B.Abrightworldwithnosandstormsanymore.

C.Howtorealizeourdreamtoliveahappylife.

D.Successfulexamplesofstoppingsandstorms.

【解析】选I）。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者对于处理沙尘暴充

满了信心，他认为阳光明媚，微风拂面不是一个梦，尤其是提到了“早期的努力中

有一些甜美的果实”，可推知，接下来作者可能会讲到一些处理沙尘暴成功的例

子。因此，作者在接下来的部分中，很可能谈到D项“Successfulexamplesof

stoppingsandstorms（阻止沙尘暴的成功例子）”符合题意。故选D。

B

（2021•烟台高一检测）

EarthquakesusuallyhappenontheedgesoflargesectionsoftheEarth'splates.

Theseplatesslowlymoveoveralongperiodoftime.Sometimestheedges,whichare

calledfaultlines,cangetstuck,buttheplateskeepmoving.Pressureslowlystartsto

buildupwheretheedgesarestuckand,oncethepressuregetsstrongenough,theplates

willsuddenlymovecausinganearthquake.

Generallybeforeandafteralargeearthquaketherewillbesmallerearthquakes.

Theonesthathappenbeforearecalledforeshocks.Theonesthathappenafterarecalled

aftershocks.Scientistsdon'treallyknowifanearthquakeisafbreshockuntilihebigger

earthauakeoccurs.

Shockwavesfromanearthquakethattravelthroughthegroundarecalledseismic

waves（地震波）.Theyaremostpowerfulatthecenteroftheearthquake,buttheytravel

throughmuchoftheearthandbacktothesurface.Theymovequicklyat20timesthe

speedofsound.

Scientistsuseseismicwavestomeasurehowbiganearthquakeis.Theyusea

devicecalledaseismograph（地震仪）tomeasurethesizeofthewaves.Thesizeofthe

wavesiscalledthemagnitude.

TotellthestrengthofanearthquakescientistsuseascalecalledtheMoment

MagnitudeScaleorMMS（itusedtobecalledtheRichterscale）.Thelargerthenumber

ontheMMSscale,thelargertheearthquake.Youusuallywon'tevennoticean

earthquakeunlessitmeasuresatleasta3ontheMMSscale.Herearesomeexamplesof

whatmayhappendependingonthescale:

4.0一Couldshakeyourhouseasifalargetruckwerepassingcloseby.Some

peoplemaynotnotice.

5.0-Ifyouareinacar,itmayshake.Glassesanddishesmayrattle.Windows

maybreak.

6.0-Itemswillfalloffshelves.Wallsinsomehousesmaycrackandwindows

break.Prettymucheveryonenearthecenterwillfeelthisone.

7.0—Weakerbuildingswillcollapseandcrackswilloccurinbridgesandonthe

street.

8.0-Manybuildingsandbridgesfalldown.Largecracksintheearth.

9.0andup-Wholecitiesflattenedandlarge-scaledamage.

【文章大意】主要介绍了关于地震的相关事实，如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会

有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生

的一些事情。

4.Ifa5.O-magnitudeearthquakehityourarea,whatmighthappen?

A.Yourhousemightshakeviolently.

B.Peoplemightfeelnoshakingatall.

C.Thefamilyphotomayfalloffthewall.

D.Theremightbecrackseverywhereonthestreet.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第五段可知“如果你在车里，它可能会摇晃。

杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能破碎。”分析选项可知C选项：如果你所在

地区发生5.0级地震，全家福可能会从墙上掉下来。故选C。

5.WhatdoestheauthormeanbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2?

A.It'sstillhardtotellforeshocksfrommainearthquakes.

B.Scientistscan'texactlymeasurethestrengthofanearthquake.

C.Peoplemayignoreforeshockswhenanearthquakeisnotsostrong.

D.Theearthquakewon'tcauseanydamageunlessitreaches9.0MMS.

【解析】选A。句意猜测题。根据上文内容可知，一般来说，大地震前后会有小地

震。之前发生的被称为前震。之后发生的称为余震。由此可推知直到大地震发生，科

学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震。可知画线句子意思为“前震和主震仍然很难

区分“，故选A。

6.Howdoesthewriterexplaintheconceptsconcerningtheearthquake?

A.Bylistingexamples.

B.Bygivingexplanations.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.

D.Byofferingdata.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可知在边缘被挤压的地方，压力开始慢慢

增大，一旦压力足够大，板块就会突然移动，引起地震。主要为解释地震产生的原

因，可知作者通过解释原因的论证方式来解释了有关地震的概念。故选B。

7.Whafsthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Toenrichpeople'sknowledgeofself^rescueindisasters.

B.Tostresstheimportanceofearthquakerescue.

C.Toissueearlywarningsbeforeanearthquake.

D.Topresentfactsabouttheearthquake.

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章第一句可知地震通常发生在地球板块的边

缘地带。以及后文主要说明了关于地震的相关知识，可知这篇文章主要是为了介绍

地震的相关事实。故选D。

【阅读多维训练】

Pressureslowlystartstobuildupwheretheedgesarestuckand,oncethepressuregets

strongenough,theplateswillsuddenlymovecausinganearthquake.

句式分析：木句是一个复合句。句中where引导地点状语从句;once引导条件状语

从句。

译文：在边缘被挤压的地方压力开始慢慢增加，一旦压力足够强烈，板块就会突然

移动，造成地震。

II.完形填空

（2021.大连高一检测）

Ifeltverydepressedtheotherday.Theweatherhadbeendarkandrainy,andIjust

didn'tfeelso1.

AsIwassittingatmydesk,I2itwasthebirthdayofadearlong-time

friend—asingle,middle-agedwomanwhohasdevotedthepast30yearstonursingand

lovingher3.

Knowingthatshedidn'thavefamilyintown,I4togiveheracall.Sure

enough,shewasonhershift,5toworklateintotheevening,andwouldn'thave

6_ofabirthdaythisyear.Asalways,though,she7cheerfulandwashappythatI

8.

AfterIhungup,Icouldn't9thefeelingthatshewouldreallyappreciatea

littleattentiononherspecialday.10feelingalittledepressedmyself,Itriedto

putitoutofmymind,butasthedaypassed,Icouldn'tshakethethought.I11gave

in,andsetofftothehospitalwithacard,acheesecake,andsomeballoonsthatevening.

Myfriencfsgratefulsmileandjoyfulsurprise12methatI'ddonetherightthing,

andtheywereagenerous13forthelittleeffortithadtaken.

WhenIgothome,IrealizedthatnotonlyhadIcheeredupa14friendonher

birthday,butmyownnegativefeelingshadalsodisappeared.Makingherdayhadmade

myown!It'sjustlikethesaying,“Lovingkindnessistwiceblessed:itblesseshim

whogives;itblesseshimwho15Lifeconstantlypresentsuswithopportunities

totakeanextrastepordoakinddeedthatwillmakeadifferencetosomeone.Andthe

wonderfulthingisthataswedo,itchangesthingsforthebetterforustoo.

［文章大意】作者讲述自己在心情不好的一天给一个护士朋友过生日获得的感悟:

生活总是为我们提供机会，让我们多迈出一步或者做一件对别人有影响的善事。

1.A.specialB.positiveC.nervousD.scared

【解析】选B。句意：天气一直阴沉，下着雨，我就是感觉不太舒服。根据空格前

的句子可知，作者心情不好,positive意为“乐观的”，符合语境。故选B。

2.A.explainedB.complained

C.rememberedD.informed

【解析】选Co句意：当我坐在办公桌前时，我记得那天是一位老朋友的生日，她

是一位单身的中年女性，在过去的30年里，她一直从事护理而且热爱自己的工作。

explained解释;complained抱怨；remembered记得；informed告知，结合语境和下文

作者给朋友打电话可知，当作者坐在办公桌前的时候，记起了那天是一个老朋友

的生日。故选C。

3.A.familyB.trainingC.workD.school

［解析］选C。根据空格前的“whohasdevotedthepast30yearstonursing”可知,她

从事护士职业30年，说明她很喜欢自己的“工作”。故选C。

4.A.decidedB.continued

C.agreedD.refused

【解析】选A。句意：知道她在城里没有亲人，我决定给她打个电话。可知，作者

此时“决定”给朋友打个电话。改选A。

5.A.surprisedB.disappointed

C.boredD.prepared

【解析】选D。句意：果然，她当时在值班，准备工作到深夜，不会有太多的时间

过今年的生日。根据前面的"Sureenough,shewasonhershift''可知，她当时在值班,

“准备”工作到晚上。故选D。

6.A.muchB.manyC.littleD.few

【解析】选A。结合上下文可知，她要工作到深夜，所以不会有太多的(much)时间

过生日。much代词，此处指代时间。故选A。

7.A.soundedB.looked

C.grewD.found

【解析】选A。句意：但是和往常一样，我打电话的时候，她听起来很开心。结合

上文知道作者是打电话给她的，所以根据语境可知，她是“听上去”很高兴。故选A。

8.A.admittedB.called

C.succeededD.apologized

【解析】选Boadmitted承认；called打电话;succeeded成功;apologized道歉。前

文提到giveheracall,因此该空用动词call表示“打电话”。她很开心作者给她打电

话。故选B。

9.A.experienceB.imagine

C.shakeD.understand

【解析】选C。句意：挂断电话后，她一定会感激我在如此特别的日子里给她打电

话，这种感觉挥之不去。根据下文“…Itriedtoputitoutofmymind,butastheday

passed,Icouldn'tshakethethought.”可知，这种感觉一直在作者脑中挥之不去。

couldn'tshakethefeeling表示“某种感觉挥之不去”，故选C。

1().A.AlmostB.EvenC.NeverD.Still

【解析】选Do句意：我自己还是觉得有点沮丧，我试图把它忘记，但随着时间的

推移，我无法摆脱这种想法。结合本句中后半部分“我尽力要把它驱散，但是无法

摆脱。”可知，作者“仍然”感到沮丧，与文章开头相呼应。故选D。

11.A.luckilyB.finally

C.unhappilyD.hardly

【解析】选Bo句意：我终于屈服了，带着一张卡片，一个奶酪蛋糕，还有几个气

球去了医院。luckily幸运地；finally终于；unhappily不开心她；hardly几乎不。结

合上文作者的心情沮丧，尽力去接脱这种想法，但是经过一天的时间，还是没能摆

脱，所以“最终”屈服了。故选B。

12.A.convincedB.advised

C.promisedD.reminded

【解析】选A。句意：我朋友感激的微笑和喜悦的惊喜，让我相信我做了正确的事,

这是对我付出的小小努力的慷慨回报。convinced使信服；advised建议；promised

承诺，答应；reminded提醒。根据语境可知，朋友的神情让作者“确信”自己做对了。

故选A。

13.A.responseB.contribution

C.rewardD.share

【解析】选C。response回应；contribution贡献；reward回报；share分享。她的

笑容和惊8•使作者确信自己做对了，这也是对作者慷慨的“回报reward符合文

意。故选C。

14.A.carelessB.lonely

C.weakD.curious

【解析】选Bo句意：当我回到家，我意识到，我不仅在一个孤独的朋友的生日当

天让她高兴起来，而且我自己的消极情绪也消失了。由前文的shedidn'thavefamily

intown可知，作者的朋友是“孤独的故选B。

15.A.triesB.receives

C.expectsD.cares

【解析】选B。句意：善良是双倍的祝福，它既祝福给予的人，也祝福得到的人。

tries试图；receives接受；expects期望；cares关心。根据空格前的gives可知，应用

receives与gives相对应。故选B。

IH.阅读填句

（2021•厦门高一检测）

Beingpreparedandknowingtherightthingsyouhavetododuringthefloodwill

giveyougreaterchancetobesafeandsurvive.Youcanhavesomethingfollowingin

mind.

1

Findingouthowlongthefloodisexpectedtolastwillguideyouintheproper

measuresandpreventionyouhavetodo.Sodolistentotheweatherreport.Don'tpay

attentiontorumors（谣言）.

Prepareandkeepnecessarysuppliesthatwillbeusableandwilllastlongenough.

Makesurethatnecessaryitemsduringthefloodareready.2Theyarecandles,

radio,extrabatteries,cash,phones,medicines,extrafood,emergencycooking

equipment,andbottledwater,aswaterservicemaybecutoff.

Knowtheemergency（紧急情况）numbersinyourplace.

Incaseofemergencyconditionswhereyouneedfurtherhelp,youwillbeableto

askforhelp.3

Stayinasafeplace.

4Ifyourhouseiswell-builtandwon'tbeaffectedbyflood,thenitmaybethe

bestplacetobeduringastorm.Beawareofthefloodsignalinyourplacetohelpyou

decideonwheretostayandreacttothecondition.Thefloodoftencomeswiththe

strongwindsoboardupandclosewindows.5

A.Knowaboutthelatestweatherconditionsinyourarea.

B.WeUlkeepyouupdatedwithweatherinformationallday.

C.Importantitemstoprepareforthatwillhelpyousurvive.

D.Youcandial911orcommunicatewiththerightdepartment.

E.Docheckeverythingthatmightbeblownawayorturnloose.

F.Stayawayfromlow-lyingplaceswhichmaybesweptawaybystormwaves.

G.Rundowntotheseaasquicklyaspossibleeveniffurtherfloodingislikelytooccur.

【文章大意】做好准备，了解在洪水期间必须做的正确的事情将会给你带来更多安

全和生存的机会。文章介绍了一些在洪水期间要牢记的事情。

1.【解析】选A。此空是小标题。根据下文：所以一定要听天气预报。可知,A项

Knowaboutthelatestweatherconditionsinyourarea.（T解你所在地区的最新天气

情况。）符合上下文语境。故选A。

2.【解析】选Co根据上句：确保洪水期间的必要物品准备好了。再根据空格下

句可知，C项Importantitemstoprepareforthatwillhelpyousurvive.（重要的东西要

做好准备，这将有助于你的生存。）符合上下文语境。故选C。

3.【解析】选D。根据上文：在需要进一步帮助的紧急情况下，你将能够寻求帮助。

可知，D项Youcandial911orcommunicatewiththerightdepartment.（你可以拨打报

警电话，或者与正确的部门联系。）符合上下文语境。故选D,

4.【解析】选F。根据下文：如果你的房子建得很好，不会受到洪水的影响，那么

它可能是暴风雨中最好的地方,可知，F项Stayawayfromlow-lyingplaceswhich

maybesweptawaybystormwaves.（远离那些可能被风暴冲走的低洼地带。）符合

上下文语境。故选F。

5.【解析】选E。根据上句：洪水通常伴随着强风而来，所以用挡板围住和关闭窗

户。可知，E项Docheckeverythingthatmightbeblownawayorturnloose.（要检查所

有可能被吹走或松动的东西。）符合上下文语境。故选E。

语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Inordertoencourageliteracy(读写能力)amongkidswhoaremoreusedto

playingontheirsmartdevices.LACounty1.(library)arenolongercharging

librarylatefeesforyoungreaders.Tomakeiteven2.(easy)forthekids,

theirschoolshavealsosignedupforlibrarycardsforthem.

Forthose3.alreadyhavealatefeebalance,thelibraryoffersaunique

waytopayitbackbyreadingitaway.

Kidscannowgototheirlocallibraryandtellthelibrarianthattheywouldlike

4.(pay)offtheirbalance.Inturn,thelibrarianwillstartatimerandforevery

hourkidsspendsreading$55.(take)offoftheirdebt.Atleast100students

everyweek6.(read)awaytheirdebtandatotalof3,500blockedaccounts

havebeencleared.Thisdebtreliefcanalsobeusedforpayingofflostor

7.(damage)booksaswell.

Theprogramhasalreadyhadamajoreffect8.readershipinthecounty.

15,000kidshaveusedtheirnewlibrarycardsandparentssaidtheyallowedtheir

childrentocheckbooksoutduetothe9.(decide).

10.seemsthatthesmellofoldbookscanstillhaveaplaceinthe

youngergeneration'shearts—theyjustneedabitofencouragement.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了洛杉矶县图书馆为鼓励孩子读写识字

所采取的措施。图书馆不再向读者收取滞纳金，而是可以通过阅读的方式偿还滞纳

金或赔偿损坏的书籍。

1.【解析】libraries。考查名词复数。句意：为了鼓励那些习惯玩电子设备的孩子

读写识字，洛杉矶图书馆不再向年轻读者收取图书滞纳金。分析句子可知，句中be

动词使用了复数形式are,为保持主谓一致，因此主语要使用复数形式。故填

librarieso

2.【解析】easier。考查形容词比较级。句意：为了让孩子们更方便，他们的学校

还为他们办理了图书馆借书卡,前文提到的youngreaders与该句中的kids形成了

对比,even后可用形容词比较级，加强语气表示强度，意为“比……更；还要故填

easiero

3.【解析】who。考查关系代词。句意：对于已经存在滞纳金的人来说，图书馆提

供了一种独特的方式，通过阅读来偿还。分析句子可知，该句为定语从句，从句中

缺少主语成分，且先行词是those,因此只能使用关系代词who作主语。故填who。

4.【解析】topay。考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，孩子们可以去当地的图书馆，告

诉图书管理员他们想要还清滞纳金。分析句子可知，此处是固定搭配wouldliketo

dosth.意为“想要做某事故填lopay。

5.【解析】istaken。考查动词时态及语态。句意：相反，图书管理员会开始计时，孩

子们每读一小时书，就会从他们的滞纳金中扣除5美元。分析句子可知，5美元与

takeoff之间是逻辑上的被动关系，基数词加上表示时间、距离、价值或其他度量

单位的名词时，常常看成是一个整体，作为主语时谓语动词用单数，且此处陈述一

般事实，be动词需使用一般现在时。故填istakeno

6.【解析】havereado考查动词时态。句意：每周至少有100名学生通过阅读还

清他们的债务,3500个被封的账号还清了债务。分析句子可知，此处表示通过阅读

已经还清了债务，即动作从过去开始，到现在已经结束并对现在造成了影响，因此

需使用现在完成时。故填haveread。

7.【解析】damaged。考查形容词。句意：这种债务的减免也可以用来赔偿丢失或

损坏的书籍。分析句子可知，名词books前需用形容词修饰，故填damaged。

8.【解析】on。考查介词。句意：这个项目对全县的读者产生了重大的影响。分

析句子可知，此处为固定词组have...effecton意为"对...产生影响“。故填on。

9.【解析】decision。考查名词。句意：有15000名儿童已经使用了他们的新图书

卡。家长们说因为这项决议，他们允许自己的孩子去借书。分析句子可知，此处特

指“这项决议”，应使用名词。故填decision。

10.【解析】It。考查固定句型。句意：旧书的味道似乎在年经一代的心中仍有一

席之地——他们只是需要一点鼓励。此处为固定句型Itseemsthat.意为“似乎;

看起来;好像”，故填It。

2、DiscoveringUsefulStructures

I.单句语法填空

1.Wecametoaplacethat/whichwehadneverpaidavisittobefore.

2.Thisistheschoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterday.

3.Allthebooksthatyouborrowedfromthelibraryshouldbereturned.

4.Themanthat/whoisspeakingnowisLiuFang'sfather.

5.Hewaslatefortheopeningceremony,whichwasverysurprisingtoall.

6.LuXun,whoserealnameisZhouShuren,wasafamouswriter.

7.Themanwho/lhatiswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.

8.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.

9.Canyoustillrememberthetimethat/whichwespenttogetherinourchildhood?

10.Thetyphoonthat/whichkilledmanypeoplewasreallyterrible.

11.Isthereanythingthatyoudon'tunderstandabouttheproblem?

II.使用定语从句将所给的两个句子合并成一个句子

1.1haveafriend.Shelikesplayingtabletennisverymuch.

Ihaveafriendvho/thatlikesplavinztabletennisvenmuch.

2.Tomwaslateforschoolagain.Itmadetheteacherveryangry.

Toinwaslateforschoolagain,whichmadetheteacherveryanerv.

3.Themanusedtobeafootballplayer.Heisthechairmanoftheclub.

Themanwho/thatisthechairmanoftheclubusedtobeafootball

4.Kevinisreadingabook.It\toodifficultfbrhim.

Kevinisreadingabookvvhich/thalistoodifficultforhim.

5.Theboyhelpedmewithmymaths.Heisrunningontheplaygroundnow.

Theboywho/thathelpedmewithm、mathsisrunningonthepla、eroundnow.

6.ThegirlspeaksEnglishwell.Herfatherisateacher.

ThewhosefatherisateacherspeaksEnglishwell.

7.ThepersonisMrBall.Youshouldrefertohimaboutthematter.

TheIhat/whoinyoushouldrefert（）aboutthemalteris\IrBall.

8.Thepenwriteswell.Itwasgivenbymymother.

Thepenwhich/thatwasgivenmymotherwriteswell.

9.MrGreenlivesinthehouse.Itswindowfacessouth.

MrGreenlivesinthehousewhosewind。Mfacessouth.

10.Thegirliswelldressed.Sheisateacherinourschool.

Theiirlwho/thatiswelldressedisateacherinourschool.

I.阅读理解

（2021•莆田高一检测）

AverydangeroussituationhappenedinCalifornialastweek.Morethan12

wildfiresbrokeoutinthestate.MostofthembeganonOctober8,inNorthern

California.Theygrewrapidly.Thefiresweremadebiggerbywindsofupto50miles

perhouranddryairinthearea.

Atleast20peoplehavebeenkilled,thestategovernmentsaid.About200have

beeninjured.Atleast3,500homesandbusinesseshavebeendestroyed.About50,000

peoplehavebeenrequiredtoescape.Manyleftinahurry,withoutlimetotaketheir

personalthings.<4A11thegoodstuff（东西）一I'mnevergoingtoseeitagain,“Jeff

Okrcpkiesaid.HeescapedfromhisSantaRosahome.Itwasdestroyedsoonafterhe

left.

Thefiresburnedthroughpartsofeightcounties（郡，县）.TheseincludeSonoma

andNapa.TheareasareimportanttoCalifornianseconomy（经济）.Theyarehometo

manyofthestate'svineyards（葡萄园）andwineries（酿酒厂）.In2016,California^

wineriesmademorethan$57billion.

OctoberiswhenwildfiresusuallyproducethemostruinsinCalifornia.Butitis

unusualfbrsomanyfirestostartatonce.Uptonow,thegovernmenthasnotgivena

causefbranyofthefires,manyofwhichwerestillburning.

【文章大意】文章报道了加利福尼亚州的大火火势以及大火给人们的生活和经济

带来的影响。

1.Whydidthefiresgrowquickly?

A.MostofthefiresbeganinOctober.

B.12fireshappenedatthesametime.

C.Thestategovernmentdidn'tdoanything.

D.High-speedwindanddryair.

【解析】选Do细节理解题。由第一段“Thefiresweremadebiggerbywindsofupto

50milesperhouranddryairinthearea.“可知，大火是因为每小时达50英里的大风

及该地区干燥的空气而蔓延得快。故选D。

2.Howmanypeoplehavetoleavetheirhomes?

A.50,000.B.200.C.3,500.D.20.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二段“About50,000peoplehavebeenrequiredto

escape.”可知，有50000人需要离开他们的家园。题干中leavetheirhomes在文中

体现为动词escapeo故选A。

3.WhatisthebiggestlossfbrCalifbmia,seconomy?

A.Homeshavebeendestroyed.

B.Winerieshavebeenburned.

C.Peoplehavetoleavetheirhomes.

D.Manypeoplehavebeeninjured.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段可知，大火烧到了加利福尼亚州葡萄园和酿

酒厂的大本营Sonoma和Napa。它们是加利福尼亚州经济的重要组成部分。所以

经济损失主要体现在葡萄园、酿酒厂被烧毁。故选B。

【阅读多维训练】

Uptonow,thegovernmenthasnotgivenacauseforanyofthefires,manyofwhich

werestillburning.

句式分析：本句是一个复合句。句中manyofwhichwerestillburning为非限制性定

语从句，修饰先行词fires;uptonow“直到现在”，与现在完成时连用。

译文：直到现在，政府还没有给出火灾起因的任何消息，还有很多大火在燃烧着。

II.完形填空

（2021•荷泽高一检测）

LesBrownisoneoftheworld'sgreatestspeakers.Heisalsoathoughtleaderon

self-improvementand1

However,Lesfounditdifficulttolearnknowledgewhenhewasa2.During

hisschooldays,hewasthoughtas"3tolearnwell”bytheteachersandplaced_4

from6thgradeto5thgrade.Tomakethingsworse,hehadatwinbrotherwhowas

ratherbrightand5soLeswas6byhisclassmates.

Onedayateacheraskedhimto7aproblemontheblackboard,butLes_8

andsaidthathecouldn't."Ofcourseyoucan,theteacherreplied9."Youngman,

comehereandsolvethisproblemforme.”

“ButIcan't,"1（）Les."I'masillyboy”.Therestoftheclassburst（爆发）

into11.Atthatpoint,theteachersteppedoutfrombehindhisdeskandlookedLes

straightintheeye."Don'teversaythatagain,“hetoldhimfirmly.^Someoneelse's

opinionofyoudoesnothavetobecomeyour12.”

Lesnever13thosewords,andspenttherestofhislifefacing14,setting

andfollowinghisgoals.Timeandtimeagain,thankstotheteacher'spowerfulwords,

Leshasbeenfamousallovertheworld.Doremember:youhave15withinyou.

【文章大意】文章主要记叙了美国著名演说家LesBrown的人生历程，他曾经不自

信，但是老师的鼓励改变了他。

1.A.problem-solvingB.goal-setting

C.money-makingD.job-hunting

【解析】选Bo句意：在自我完善和目标设定方面，他也是一位思想领袖。

problem-solving解决问题；goal-setting设立目标；money-making赚钱；job-hunting

找工作。由全文可知,该空涉及确定目标,与文末“settingandfollowinghisgoals”

呼应，故选B。

2.A.studentB.teacher

C.speakerD.leader

【解析】选A。句意：然而，当Les还是个学生的时候，他发现学习知识很困难。

student学生；teacher老师；speaker演讲者；leader领导。由后文“Duringhisschool

days”可知为学生时期，故选A。

3.A.curiousB.afraidC.unableD.eager

【解析】选C。句意：在他上学的时候，老师认为他“学不好”，把他从六年级留级

到了五年级。curious好奇的；afraid害怕的；unable不能的，不会的；eager渴望的。

结合后文6thgradeto5thgrade”从六年级到五年级可推断老师认为他学不好,

unabletodosth.“不能做某事故选C。

4.A.awayB.forw