《中西文化比较（英文版）（第2版）》unit 6 The Chinese and Western Costume

中西文化比较TheComparisonbetweenChineseandWesternCulture

Unit6

TheChineseandWestern

Costume图片Background

Costumeisauniqueculturalphenomenonforhumanbeings.Itisfirstlyusedtoresistcoldweatherandkeepthewholebodywarm.Nowadays,costumeisthedistinctivestyleofdressforanindividualorgroupthatreflectstheirclass,gender,profession,ethnicity,nationality,oractivity.ChinesecostumeisquitedifferentfromWesterncostumeinstyle,material,decoration,concept,color,pattern,dressingetiquette,andaestheticcharacteristic.Nationalcostumeorregionalcostumeexpressesthelocalidentityandemphasizesuniqueculturalattributes.Theyareoftenasourceofnationalpride.VocabularyExtensionTextA

Notes1.sashn.

alongstripofclothwornaroundthewaistoroveroneshoulder,especiallyaspartofauniform①Shearrivedtoreceivethesashofofficefromtheoutgoing

president.她走上前去从即将离职的总统手中接过了就职腰带。②Doesthissashtieinfrontorattheback?这腰带是在前面打结还是在后面？TextA

Notes2.gownn.

outerwearconsistingofalongflowinggarmentusedforofficialorceremonialoccasions①Shewasarrayedinablackvelvetgown.她穿着一件黑色天鹅绒长礼服。②Lightlyfloatsanddriftstheboat,andthewindgentlyflapsmygown.

舟遥遥以轻飏，风飘飘而吹衣。（陶潜《归去来兮辞》）TextA

Notes3.attiren.

clothingofadistinctivestyleorforaparticularoccasion①Inthosecrowdedstreetsherattiredidnotrateasecondglance.在那些拥挤的街道她的穿着并未引起注意。②Yourattireshouldreflectbothyourenvironmentandyourposition.

你的衣着既应反映你的环境又应反映你的职位。TextA

Notes4.embroideryn.

patternsthataresewnontoclothusingthreadsofvariouscolours;cloththatisdecoratedinthisway①Thisexquisiteembroiderywonpeople’sgreatadmiration.这件精美的绣品，使人惊叹不已。②Shelearnedsewing,knittingandembroidery.

她学了缝纫、编织和刺绣。TextA

Notes5.hempn.

aropethatisusedbyahangmantoexecutepersonswhohavebeencondemnedtodeathbyhanging①Theblanketwaswovenfromhempandembroideredwithwool.毯子是由亚麻编织，羊毛镶边的。②Therearemyriadsofflagsenoughtoconcealthesun,andswords

areasnumerousasafieldofhemp.

旌旗蔽日，刀剑如麻。TextA

Notes6.cocoonn.

acoveringofsilkthreadsthatsomeinsectsmaketoprotectthemselvesbeforetheybecomeadults①Thebeautifulbutterflyemergedfromthecocoon.美丽的蝴蝶破茧而出。②Theplaywrightcocoonedhimselfinaworldofpretence.这个剧作家与世隔绝，生活在一个虚幻的世界里。TextA

Notes7.pheasantn

.

alargebirdwithalongtail,themaleofwhichisbrightlycoloured.Peoplesometimesshootpheasantsforsportorfood.①Pheasantisararebirdthatwecanseeincities.野鸡是我们很少能在城市中见到的鸟类。②ThepheasantisacloserelativeoftheGuineahen.

雉与珍珠鸡有很近的亲缘关系。TextA

Notes8.egretn.

abirdoftheheronfamily,withlonglegsandlongwhitetailfeathers①Smallwhiteegretwidelydistributedinwarmregionsoftenfoundaroundgrazinganimals.温暖地区广泛分布的小白鹭，常聚集在放牧的动物周围。②Egretisakindofwidelydistributedwetlandwaterbird.

白鹭是一种分布广泛的湿地水鸟。TextA

Notes9.oriolen.

mostlytropicalsongbird;themaleisusuallybrightorangeandblack①Apairoforiolessingamidthewillowsgreen.两个黄鹂鸣翠柳。（杜甫《绝句》）②AmidthickleavestonoavailtheOriolessing.

隔叶黄鹂空好音。TextA

Notes10.quailn.

asmallbrownbird,whosemeatandeggsareusedforfood;themeatofthisbird①Inthevalleybelowranahungrydog,sniffingalongthegroundasifinsearchofmiceorquail.从山谷里跑来了一条饥肠辘辘的狗，它沿路嗅探，仿佛在寻找小耗子或者小鹌鹑。②Theverywordsmakemanyofusquail.

这些话让我们许多人胆怯了。TextA

KeySentences1、IntheQingDynasty,thehigheraperson’ssocialrankorthericheronewas,themoreembroideriesandborderstherewereonhisattires.themore...，themore...越,越①Themorestressyouareunder,themorelikelyyouaretocatchacold.②Themorewelearn,themoreweapproximatetotruth.TextA

KeySentences2、TheChinesewerethefirsttomakesilkandkepthowtomakeitsecretforhundredsofyears.Silk

isanaturalproteinfiber,someformsofwhichcanbewovenintotextiles.Theproteinfiberofsilkiscomposedmainlyoffibroinandisproducedbycertaininsectlarvaetoformcocoons.TextA

KeySentences3、Forinstance,intheMingDynasty,theembroideredpatternonthefirstrankcivilofficer’suniformwasacrane,thesecondrankwasagoldenpheasant,thethirdrankwasapeacock,thefourthrankwasawildgoose,thefifthrankwasasilverpheasant,thesixthrankwasanegret,theseventhrankwasa“purplemandarinduck”,theeighthrankwasanoriole,andtheninthrankwasaquail.Culturaltip:明代文官朝服:一品仙鹤、二品锦鸡、三品孔雀、四品云雁、五品白鹇、六品鹭鸶、七品鸳鸯、八品黄鹂、九品鹌鹑。TextAI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListsomecostumesofChineseethnicminoritiesandtheiruniqueness.TheHezheethnicminoritypeople,whomainlymakealivingonfishing,usedtomakeclotheswithfish-skin.Thehuntingethnicgroups,suchasOroqenandEwenki,usedroeskinandanimaltendontostitchuptheirclothes.TheMongolians,Tibetans,andothers,whoaremainlyengagedinstockbreeding,maketheircostumesmostlyfromanimalskinandhair.TextA2.WriteashortpassageaboutthedevelopmentofancientChinesecostumes.Chinesecostumesmaydatebacktoatleast7,000yearsago.TheTangDynastywrotethemostbrilliantpageinthehistoryofChinesecostumes.CasualwearappearedduringtheSongDynasty.DuringtheYuanDynasty,thestyleofclothingwasmainlyacombinationofMongolianandHanraces.DuringtheQingDynasty,clothesbecameelegantandglorious.TextA3.WhatistherelationshipbetweencostumesandcolorsindifferentChinesedynasties?BlackisthemostdignifiedcolorintheXiaDynasty,whiteintheShangDynasty,andredintheZhouDynasty.Theyalsovarybasedonone’spoliticalposition,socialstatus,occupation,andgender.Brightyellowcanonlybeusedbyemperorsmostofthetime.IntheTangDynasty,purpleisusedforofficialcostumes.TextAII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.officialuniformOfficialuniformcanstrictlybedistinguishedbycolors,embroideredpatterns,andhats.Forinstance,intheMingDynasty,theembroideredpatternonthefirstrankofficer’suniformwasacraneandtheninthrankwasaquail.TextA2.embroideryEmbroideryisthehandicraftofdecoratingfabricorothermaterialswithneedleandthread.Embroiderymayalsoincorporateothermaterialssuchasmetalstrips,pearls,beads,quills,andsequins.Today,embroideryismostoftenseenoncaps,hats,coats,blankets,dressshirts,denim,stockings,andgolfshirts.TextA3.ChineseethnicminorityChineseethnicminoritiesarethenon-HanChinesepopulation.Chinaofficiallyrecognizes55ethnicminoritygroupswithinChinainadditiontotheHanmajority.Thegreatestnumberofminorities,25ethnicgroups,canbefoundinYunnanProvince.Zhuanghasthelargestpopulationofethnicminoritygroups.TextA4.YellowEmperorYellowEmperorisoneofthelegendaryChinesesovereignsandcultureheroesamongtheThreeSovereignsandFiveEmperors.TheYellowEmperorisnowregardedastheinitiatorofChinesecivilization,andsaidtobetheancestorofallHuaxiaChinese.TextA5.SilkSilkisanaturalproteinfiber,someformsofwhichcanbewovenintotextiles.Theproteinfiberofsilkiscomposedmainlyoffibroinandproducedbycertaininsectlarvaetoformcocoons.Severalkindsofwildsilk,whichareproducedbycaterpillarsotherthanthesilkworm,havebeenknownandusedinChina.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.中国时装设计师运用了各种传统和现代理念来创造新的时装。这些新式时装加入了古老的图案，例如守护神、狮子以及中国京剧人物所使用的面具。服装上还印上、织上或缝上中国青铜器的图案。某些独特的设计图案包括龙、凤、云以及闪电。1.Chinesefashiondesignersuseamixtureoftraditionalandmodernideastocreatenewfashions.Thesenewfashionsalsoincludeancientmotifssuchasguardiandeities,lions,andmasksofChineseoperacharacters.Chinesebronzeisanothersourceofprinted,woven,andembroidereddesignforclothes.Someofthedistinctivedesignsincludedragons,phoenixes,clouds,andlightening.TextA2.服装在中国古代社会反映穿戴者在日常生活中的地位。颜色、面料和珠宝都有特别的意义。珠宝类型也表明穿戴者在社会中的地位。高官显爵在公众面前要穿最好的丝绸。2.ClothinginancientChinareflectssomethingaboutthewearer’spositionintheirdailylife.Thecolor,fabric,andjewelryallhadspecialmeanings.Thetypeofjewelryapersonworealsoshowedthepositiontheyhadinsociety.Highrankingpeopleworethefinestsilkinpublic.TextB

Notes1.vaquero

n.

localnamesforacowboy(vaqueroisusedespeciallyinsouthwesternandcentralTexasandbuckarooisusedespeciallyinCalifornia)①IntheSouthWest,Mexicanvaquerosherdedcattleacrossthegreatgrass

plains.在西南部，墨西哥牧牛人赶着牛群穿过大草原。②Thevaqueroleaningagainstabigtreeisteasingalittlebirdwithastick.小牧童径自玩耍，靠在大树背后，用棍子逗弄一只小鸟，童趣盎然。TextB

Notes2.sombreron.aMexicanhatformenthatistallwithaverywidebrim,turnedupattheedges①Whydon’tyoutryonthesombreroinblack?你为什么不试试那顶黑色的阔边帽？②Heevenboughtstar-spangledsombrerosforeverybody.他还给所有人买了带星星的墨西哥宽边帽。TextB

Notes3.durabilityn.permanencebyvirtueofthepowertoresiststressorforce①Thisfactory’sproductsarenotedfortheirfineworkmanshipanddurability.该厂的产品具有工艺精湛、经久耐用的特点。②Wefullyconsiderthesecurityanddurabilityofthismodelindesigning.本机在设计中充分考虑到操作的安全性和耐久性。TextB

Notes4.tartann.apatternofsquaresandlinesofdifferentcoloursandwidthsthatcrosseachotheratanangleof90˚,usedespeciallyoncloth,andoriginallyfromScotland①Sheworeathicktartanskirtandaredcashmeresweater.她穿了一条厚厚的格子呢裙和一件红色羊绒衫。②Thecorridorsarecarpetedintartan.走廊里铺的是花格地毯。TextB

Notes5.guayaberan.amen’sshirttypicallydistinguishedbytwoverticalrowsofcloselysewnpleatsthatrunthelengthofthefrontandbackoftheshirt.

TheguayaberashirthaslongbeenpopularinCuba,aswellasotherLatinAmericanandCaribbeannations.

衬衫式夹克衫在古巴一直备受欢迎，在其它拉美国家和加勒比海国家都受到人们的喜爱。TextB

Notes6.troopern.asoldieroflowrankinthepartofanarmythatusestanksorhorses①Oncelongagohehadconsideredbecomingastatetrooper.很久以前他曾考虑过当州警察。②Keepyourhandsonthewheelasthetrooperorofficerapproachesyourvehicle.在警官靠近你的时候，双手放在方向盘上。TextB

Notes7.boleron.atraditionalSpanishdance,apieceofmusicforthisdance①Theydancedaromanticbolerotogether.他们一起跳了一支浪漫的波莱罗舞。②Thisdressandlacebolerojacketwouldfitnoendofspecialoccasions.这种长裙和花边开口短上衣夹克将会适合无数特定场合。TextB

Notes8.chapsn.leathercoveringswornasprotectionovertrousers/pantsbycowboys,etc.whenridingahorse①Greenoughwearsabluechequeredshirt,redscarfandbrownchaps.格里诺穿着一件蓝格子衬衣、红围巾，棕色皮套裤。②Cladinleatherchaps,adenimshirtandawhiterancher’shat,helooksthequintessentialcowpoke.他身穿皮套裤和一件斜纹粗布衬衫，头戴一顶农场主的白帽，显出一副典型的牛仔模样。TextB

Notes9.ginghamn.atypeofcottonclothwithapatternofwhiteandcolouredsquares①Ginghamfabricsalwayslookfreshandpretty.方格花布织物看上去总是鲜亮好看。②Redginghamribbontwirledandtiedinabigbowcooksupahearth-warmingcountrylookforthiswreath.红色格子布的缎带缠绕在蝴蝶结上，为这款花环平添一份暖意浓浓的乡村味。TextB

Notes10.cowhiden.aheavyflexiblewhipbraidedfromleathermadefromthehideofacow①Theshoewasmadefromasinglepieceofcowhide.这鞋子是用一整块母牛皮做的。②Thepropsinthenortharecarvedoutofcowhide,sheepskinordonkey

skin,whileinthesouththepropswereskeletonsgluedwithpaperandlater

werereplacedwiththincowhide.北方皮影一般是用牛皮、羊皮或驴皮雕刻而成，南方皮影最早是用纸糊裱成衬壳，后改用薄牛皮雕刻而成。TextB

KeySentences1、Itrangesfromaccuratehistoricalreproductionsoftheclothingofpioneers,mountainmen,cowboys,andvaquerostothestylizedgarmentspopularizedbysingingcowboysinthe1940sand1950s.rangefrom...to...从...到...Forloversofthegreatoutdoors,activitiesrangefromcanoeingtobirdwatching.TextB

KeySentences2、IntheearlydaysoftheOldWest,itwasthebowlerhatratherthantheslouchhat,centercrease,orsombrerothatwasthemostpopularamongcowboysasitwaslesslikelytoblowoutoffinthewind.belesslikelytodo不太可能做某事Aslouchhatisawide-brimmedfeltorclothhatmostcommonlywornaspartofamilitaryuniform,often,althoughnotalways,withachinstrap.TextB

KeySentences3、ThischangedduringtheGoldRushofthe1840swhendenimoverallsbecamepopularamongminersfortheircheapnessandbreathability.LeviStraussimprovedthedesignbyaddingcopperbuttonsandbythe1870sthisdesignwasadoptedbyfarmersandcowboys.淘金热现指一种经济现象，它是指在发现某种有价值的物质资源时，人们会纷纷涌入这片区域，争夺资源，以获取更多的利润。这种现象常常出现在金矿、石油、天然气、矿产等资源开采的地方，以及有价值的自然资源的开采地，如森林、海洋等。Culturaltip:

TextBI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListsomecommonandiconicexamplesofWesternhatsandtheirdifferentstyles.TheBaseballhatisatypeofsoft,lightcottoncapwitharoundedcrownandastiff,frontward-projectingbill.TheBeretisasoftroundcap,usuallyofwoolenfelt,withabulgingflatcrownandtight-fittingbrimlessheadband.TextBTheCoonskinhatisacap,fashionedfromtheskinandfurofaraccoon,whichisassociatedwithCanadianandAmericanfrontiersmenofthe18thand19thcenturies.Thebowlerhatisahardfelthatwitharoundedcrown.Thebowler,aprotectiveanddurablehatstyle,waspopularwiththeBritishandAmericanworkingclassesduringtheremaining19thcentury.TextB2.Writeashortpassageaboutthedifferences

betweenembroideryandlace.Embroideryusuallyhasmorereliefandcolorthanlace.Lacelooksmoreirregularandmoreauthentic.Laceistypicallycreatedinoneortwocolorsonly.Thereisnofoundationmaterialinlace.It’softenmoreelasticthanembroidery.TextB3.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncostumesinfashiondesign?TheChinesefashiondesignisdeterminedbytheuniqueChinesecultureandtheOrientalphysicalfeature.TheWesternstyleisdeterminedbytheWesternaestheticthoughtsofpragmatismandnationalismandthewhiterace’sphysicalfeature.TextBII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.frockcoatAfrockcoatisaman’scoatcharacterizedbyaknee-lengthskirtallaroundthebase,popularduringtheVictorianPeriod.Itisafitted,long-sleevedcoatwithacenterventatthebackandsomefeaturesareunusualinpost-Victoriandress.TextB2.dustercoat

Adustercoatisalightandloose-fittinglongcoat.Theoriginaldustercoatswerefull-length,light-coloredcanvasorlinencoatswornbyhorsementoprotecttheirclothingfromtraildust.Inthelate19thandearly20thcenturies,bothmenandwomenworedustercoats.TextB3.necktie

Anecktie,orsimplyatie,isapieceofclothwornfordecorativepurposesaroundtheneck,restingundertheshirtcollar.Itisknottedatthethroat,andoftendrapeddownthechest.Insomecultures,menandboyswearnecktiesaspartofofficeattireorformalwear.Necktiesaretraditionallywornwiththetopshirtbuttonfastened,andthetieknotrestingbetweenthecollarpoints.TextB4.chaps

Chapsaresturdycoveringsforthelegsconsistingofleggingsandabelt.Theyaredesignedtoprovideprotectionforthelegsandareusuallymadeofleatheroraleather-likematerial.TheyaremostcommonlyassociatedwiththecowboycultureoftheAmericanWestasaprotectivegarmenttobeusedwhenthewearerridesahorsethroughbrushyterrain.TextB5.fringe

Fringeisanornamentaltrimappliedtoanedgeofatextileitem.Itoriginatesasawayofpreventingacutpieceoffabricfromunravelingwhenahemmingisnotused.Inmodernfabrics,fringeconsistsofwool,silk,linen,ornarrowstripsofleather.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.Whitesymbolizespurity,cleanliness,andsophistication.Itworkswellasashirt.Womencanpullitoffasasuit,butmenshouldsteerclearofit.Blacksuggestsauthorityandseriousness.Itisadignifiedchoicethatannouncesyourpresence,butcanbeintimidatingifoverused.1.白色象征纯洁、干净和老练，白衬衫的效果非常不错。女性可以选择将它用作套装的颜色，而男性则不要选择白色套装。黑色象征权威与肃穆。选择它，就意味着威严而富有地位，但如果运用过度，则可能令人生畏。TextB2.Themanagerrequiresallofhisemployeesto“haveacertainlook”and“besharplydressed”atalltimes.Formalestaffmembersthatequatestohavingwell-groomedhairandanon-brandtie,buttherulesforwomenseemsignificantlymorecomplicated.2.这个经理要求所有雇员“打扮成特定的模样”并且时刻都要“衣着光鲜”。对于男性工作人员来说，这意味着要保持精心打理的发型并佩戴特定品牌的领带，但是针对女性的规矩似乎复杂得多。QipaoBallGownTextCComparison1TangSuitsJeansTextCComparison2HanfuWesternSuitsTextCComparison3Kung-fushoesHigh-heeledShoesTextCComparison4HairpinBroochTextCComparison5Case

Study

撑伞有错吗？

小吴来自江南水乡，和很多爱美的女生一样，相信“一白遮百丑”。小吴去美国科罗拉多州立大学攻读硕士研究生学位。由于美国西部的阳光很强烈，为了不让自己被晒得更黑，小吴每天出门前都把自己包裹得严严实实的，墨镜、帽子、太阳伞从不离手。在国内，小吴也是这身装扮，没有人觉得小吴奇怪，小吴也认为自己这身打扮并没有任何不妥。可是在美国，她总是遭遇同学和老师怪异的目光。这让小吴很难理解，难道我撑伞有错吗？Case

Study

分析点评

中外对肤色的审美观存在差异。中国人认为女生皮肤白才是美，为了遮蔽阳光而打伞在中国是一种常见的现象。西方人认为无论男生女生，黑皮肤都代表健康，充满活力，只有雨天才会打伞。因此，中西方需要在尊重、理解的基础上求同存异，在不冒犯对方习俗的基础上可以保留自己对于审美的见解与态度。Translation

汉译英

1.

刺绣

刺绣(embroidery)是中国民间传统手工艺之一，历史悠久。刺绣的历史可以追溯到商朝，而汉朝则见证了刺绣在风格和技术上的一大飞跃。日月星辰、花鸟鱼虫等很多事物都可以成为刺绣的主题。在古代，刺绣只由特权(privileged)阶层独享，象征其较高的社会地位。随着社会的发展，刺绣逐渐进入普通百姓的生活。如今，刺绣已走出国门，成为中国人民与世界各国人民友好往来的桥梁。Translation

Keys

1.刺绣

Embroidery,oneoftraditionalChinesefolkhandicrafts,hasalonghistory.ThehistoryofembroiderycanbetracedbacktotheShangDynasty.However,theHanDynastywitnessedaleapinthestylesandtechniquesofembroidery.Alotofthingscanbecomethethemesofembroidery,suchasthesun,themoon,thestars,flowers,birds,fishandinsects.Inancienttimes,embroiderycouldbeenjoyedonlybytheprivilegedclassandsymbolizedtheirhighersocialstatus.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,itentersthelifeofordinarypeople.Nowadays,ithassteppedoutofChinaandbecomeabridgeoffriendlyexchangesbetweentheChineseandthepeopleallovertheworld.Translation

汉译英

2.

旗袍

旗袍(Qipao)是独具中国特色的女性服饰，在高端时尚的国际社会中日益流行。它容易上身，穿着舒适，而且特别适合中国女性的身材。旗袍衣领高，领部闭合。根据季节和品味不同，旗袍分短袖、中袖和长袖。旗袍右侧系扣，胸部宽松，腰部合身。它的好处在于可以使用多种材质，并以不同长度制作，因此在休闲和正式场合都很合适。无论在何种场合，旗袍都给人带来一种简洁而安静的魅力，显得优雅而整洁。Translation

Keys

2.旗袍

ThecheongsamisafemaledresswithdistinctiveChinesefeaturesandenjoysagrowingpopularityintheinternationalworldofhighfashion.Easytosliponandcomfortabletowear,thecheongsamfitstheChinesewomen’sfigurewell.Withitshighcollar,necklineclosed,thesleevesofthecheongsammaybeeithershort,mediumorfulllength,whichdependsondifferentseasonsandtastes.Thedressisbuttonedontherightside,withaloosechestandafittingwaist.Madeofdifferentmaterialsandwithvaryinglengths,theadvantageofthecheongsamisthatitcanbeworneitheroncasualorformaloccasions.Regardlessoftheoccasion,cheongsambringsasimpleandquietcharm,showingeleganceandtidiness.Translation

英译汉

1.

BritishStyleHats

Britainisanationofhatwearers.FromtheArtfulDodger’sbatteredtophattoWinstonChurchill’shomb