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中西文化比较TheComparisonbetweenChineseandWesternCulture

Unit5TheChineseandWestern

CuisineBackgroundChinesepeopleconsiderfoodasthefirstnecessitycomparedtoclothesandshelter.Chinesecuisineisoneofthemostpopularcuisinesthroughouttheworld.Chinesecuisine,richandcolorful,hassuchmainfeaturesasdiversifiedcolor,aromaticflavor,excellenttaste,andgorgeousshape.Itistastyandisaworkofartforpeopletoappreciate.ComparedwithChinesecuisine,Westerncuisinetendstokeepabalanceddiet,sothefoodmustcontainvitamin,protein,andcalorie.Heatingupthefoodleadstothelossofnutrition,sotheywouldrathertakethehalf-cookedorevenrawfood.VocabularyExtensionTextA

Notes1.

cuisinen.

astyleofcooking①Generallyspeaking,majortraditionalcuisinesincludeLucuisine,Yuecuisine,Chuancuisine,Xiang

cuisine,Sucuisine,Zhecuisine,Mincuisine,andHuicuisine.一般来说,中国的主要菜系包括鲁菜、粤菜、川菜、湘菜、苏菜、浙菜、闽菜和徽菜。②Chuancuisineisnotedforspicytasteandnumbness.川菜以麻辣闻名。TextA

Notes2.

culinaryadj.

connectedwithcookingorkitchens①PrimaryschoolstudentsarerequiredtomastersomeculinaryskillsaccordingtoChinaMinistryof

Education.根据国家教育部的要求,小学生也需要掌握一些厨艺。②Somepeopleconsidercookingtroublesome,whileothersenjoytheculinarydelights.一些人认为做饭很麻烦,而有些人却能享受烹饪的乐趣。TextA

Notes3.

abalonen.

akindofseafoodwithshell①②①BraisedabaloneisatypicaldishinLuCuisine.红烧鲍鱼是鲁菜的一道特色菜。②Abaloneislovedbypeopleduetoitsrichnutrition.鲍鱼因其营养丰富而备受欢迎。TextA

Notes4.

lobstern.

①ananimalthatlivesintheseaand

hasalongbodycoveredwitha

hardshell,twoclawsandeightlegs②itsfleshwhenusedasfood①Lobsterisexpensiveinmostrestaurants.在大多数饭店里,龙虾都是很贵的。②Ienjoyedabigfeastofseafoodinabuffet,includinglobster,crab,

shrimpandnumerousshellfish.我在一家自助餐厅享受了一顿海鲜大餐,吃了龙虾、螃蟹、虾

以及各种贝类。TextA

Notes5.

saucen.athickliquideatenwithfoodtoaddflavor①Eachhot-potrestauranthasitsspecialsaucesandsidedishes.每家火锅店都有自己独特的酱汁和配菜。②Tomatosaucecanbeusedtomatchvariousfoodlikefriedpotatochips,

sandwichesandpancakes.番茄酱可以用来搭配很多食物,如薯条、三明治和薄饼。TextA

Notes6.

peppercornn.

asmall,driedfruitthatlookslikeaseedandiscrushedtoproducepepper①ThereisgreatamountofpeppercorninSlicedFishinHotChiliOil.水煮鱼中有大量的花椒粒。②PeppercornismainlyplantedinSichuan,GansuandShanxiprovinces.花椒主要产自四川、甘肃和陕西省。TextA

Notes7.

poultryn.

①Mostpeopleeatmeatoffarmedpoultry.大部分人吃圈养家禽的肉。②Therehavebeenmanychangesinthelastcoupleofyearsinthe

poultry

industry.过去几年间,在家禽养殖业领域发生了很多变化。birds,suchaschickens,thatarebredfortheireggsandmeatTextA

Notes8.

savory

adj.

saltyorspicyandnotsweetintaste①Xiangcuisineiswell-knownforitsdeepcolor,savoryflavors,fresharoma,

crispness,andtenderness.湘菜以其色浓、味美、鲜香、爽脆以及软嫩著称。②Therearetwoflavorsforthiscookie:sweetandsavory.这种饼干有甜味和咸味两种。TextA

Notes9.aroman.

astrong,pleasantsmell,usuallyfromfoodordrinkaromaticadj.

芳香的①Thearomaofabakerycanbesmelledfromafar.从很远就能闻到蛋糕店的香味。②Thefresharomaofvariousplantsandsoilcomingfromarainysummerafternoon

willmakeyoufeelcomfortableandrefreshed.夏日午后,雨过天晴,泥土和花草的气息令人舒服,神清气爽。TextA

Notes10.

delicateadj.

①needingcarefultreatment,especiallybecauseeasilydamagedadelicatepieceofembroidery一件精美的刺绣作品②needingtobehandledcarefullyadelicatesituation①Abook,acupofteaandapieceofdelicatecookiemakeawonderfulafternoon.

一本书配上一杯清茶和一块精美的饼干便是一个美好的午后。②TheEuropeanmembersareafraidofupsettingthedelicatebalanceofpolitical

interests.欧洲成员国害怕会打破各政治利益集团间的微妙平衡。TextA

KeySentences1.Featuredwithtenderness,deliciousness,andcrispness,Lucuisinekeepsthefreshnessofingredientsandisfondofsaltflavor.isfondof喜欢synonym:like/love/infavorofThisoldgentlemanisfondofthetableinthecorner,soeverytimehecomeshewillpickthattableandsitforawholeafternoon.这位老先生很喜欢角落里的一张桌子,每次来就会选择那张桌子坐下来,然后待上一整个下午。TextA

KeySentences2.

UnlikeChuancuisine,whosecookingburiesthefoodinalotofspicesandoil,Yuecuisineaimstobringoutorhighlighttheoriginalflavorofthevegetables,meat,orfruit.与川菜重油重辣不同的是,粤菜讲究清淡,凸显蔬菜、肉或水果本来的味道。unlikeprep.

不像Unliketraditionalcars,electriccarshavemanyintegratedparts,whichraisethemaintenancepriceseveralyearsaftersale.与传统汽车不同的是,电动汽车有很多集成的零件,在使用几年以后维修时会有较高的费用。highlightv.

强调TextA

KeySentences3.HuicuisineisoneoftheeightculinarytraditionsofChina.ItisrootedinthenativecookingstylesoftheHuangshanareainChinaandiskintoJiangsucuisine.berootedin源于,植根于Thepresentproblemswererootedinanimproperpolicyseveraldecadesago.当前的问题是源于几十年前不恰当的政策。bekinto相似,有亲缘关系Youneedtofillinnameofyournextofkininthisform.你需要在表格中填写直系亲属的姓名。TextAI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListsomefamousChinesecuisinesandtheiruniqueness.Tastinglight,crisp,andfresh,Guangdongcuisineusuallychoosesraptorsandbeaststoproduceoriginativedishes.Itsbasiccookingtechniquesincludestir-frying,deep-frying,braising,andsteaming.RoastsuckingpigisarepresentationaldishinGuangdongcuisine.Thefleshofthesucklingpigispaleandtender,andtheskiniscrispyandhighlyvaluedasporkrinds.

ConsistingofFuzhoucuisine,Quanzhoucuisine,andXiamencuisine,Mincuisineisdistinguishedforitschoiceseafood,beautifulcolor,andmagictasteofsweet,sour,salty,andsavoryflavor.ThefamousdishisDongbidragonpearl.

Withaquaticsasthemainingredients,Sucuisinestressesthefreshnessofmaterials.Itscarvingtechniquesaredelicate,ofwhichthemeloncarvingtechniqueisespeciallywell-known.TheflavorofSucuisineislight,fresh,sweet,andwithdelicateelegance.Stewedcrablionheadisthesignificantdish.TextA2.WriteashortpassageaboutthestoryofafamousChinesedish.

PorklungsinchilisauceisapopularSichuandishwhichismadeofthinlyslicedbeef,beeflung,beefstomach,andbeeftongue.Despiteitsname,actuallungisrarelyused.Inthe1930s,therewasacoupleinChengdufamousformakingbeefslices.Later,amerchanttriedthecouple’sbeefslicesandsentthemaplaquethatread“FuqiFeipian”,andthenamehasstuckeversince.TextA3.Whatistheroleofcuisineinregionalculture?

Thecuisineofaregiontendstobeamicrocosmofitsregionalculture.Tounderstandthecultureofaregion,thereisnothingbetterthangettingtoknowitscuisine,becausecuisinemainlyreflectsthehistory,tradition,localmanners,andcustomsofaregion,whicharecloselyrelatedtothecultureofaregion.TextAII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.stir-frying

Themostfrequentlyusedmethodisstir-frying.Thismethodcooksprocessedingredientsathighheatforashortperiodoftime.Edibleoilisusedastheheatconductor.Usually,awokisusedathighheatandedibleoilisaddedfollowedbyingredientsandseasonings.TextA2.deep-frying

Deep-fryingusesmuchmoreedibleoilthanstir-frying,producingcrisp-texturedfood.Thecommonmethodofpreparingdeep-fryingdishesistocuttheingredientsintomedium-sizedpiecesorchunks,soaktheminpreparedseasoningsforawhile,coatwithcornstarch,andfinallyfryinhotdeepoilovermediumheat.TextA3.braising

Tocooklarge-sizedingredientsmeltinyourmouth,braisingistoaddingredientsandseasoningsinawokorasaucepanatthesametime.Thenaddinsomewater,boilit,andsimmeritforonehourormore.Theingredientsareusuallycutintocubesordiamonds.TextA4.steaming

AspecialcookingmethodinventedinChinaissteaming.ItiswidelyusedforsteamingbunsanddumplingsinNorthernChina,wherepeopleliveonwheatenfood.Theprocessinvolvesplacingtheingredientsinasteamerbasketwhichisplacedoverwaterinasteamerpot.TextA5.roasting

Roastingistocookthefoodovertheopenflameofcharcoalorinanoven.Themoistureofthefoodisremovedwhilstseasoningsrubbedinfromtheoutside.Theoutsideoftheroastedfoodalwaysgetsdrierandbrowned,butflavorsareretainedandenhanced.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.由于中国地域辽阔、物产丰富、气候多样,人们的生活习惯各不相同,因此,不同地区人们的口味也各不相同。例如,南方人口味清淡,北方人则相反;四川人喜欢吃辣,山西人喜欢吃酸。1.Duetothevastterritory,abundantresources,andvariedclimateinChina,people’slivinghabitsaredistinct.Therefore,peoplefromdifferentplaceshavequitedifferentflavorsoffood.Forinstance,SouthernerslikelightfoodwhileNorthernersareontheopposite;peopleinSichuanarefondofspicyfoodwhilepeopleinShanxilovesourfood.TextA2.山东是孔子、孟子等诸多著名学者的故乡。许多山东菜有着数千年的历史,使其成为中国现存最古老的主要菜系之一。山东菜肴清新肥美,再搭配上青岛啤酒就完美了。2.ShandongisthebirthplaceofmanyfamousscholarssuchasConfuciusandMencius.MuchofShandongcuisine’shistoryisaslongasthousandsofyears,makingitoneoftheoldestexistingmajorcuisinesinChina.Shandongdishesareclear,fresh,andfatty,perfectwithTsingtaoBeer.TextB

Notes1.pastryn.

afoodmadefromamixtureofflour,fat,andwater,rolledflatandeitherwrappedaroundorputoverorunderotherfoods,andthenbaked①PastryoftenappearsontheafternoonteamenuinEngland.

英国的下午茶常配有油酥糕点。②Sheisgoodatbakingallkindsofpastry.她擅长制作各种油酥糕点。TextB

Notes2.recipen.

asetofinstructionstellingyouhowtoprepareandcookfood,includingalistofwhatfoodisneededforthis①Followtherecipeandpracticeoften,thenyouwillbeagoodcookbeforelong.按照菜谱勤加练习,不久以后你也能做一手好菜。②Doyouknowtherecipeofmakingstewedporkandsweetpotatonoodles?

你知道怎么做猪肉炖粉条吗?TextB

Notes3.vealn.

meatfromaveryyoungcow①Vealtastessogoodanditisalsomuchmoreexpensive.

小牛肉的味道很好,但也昂贵不少。②Veal,chicken,goose,duck,mutton,andporkarewhatFrenchdisheshavetooffer.法餐的肉类有小牛肉、鸡、鸭、鹅、羊肉和猪肉。TextB

Notes4.macaroonn.

asmall,lightbiscuitmadefromeggs,sugar,andalmondsorcoconut①Macaroonislovedbypeoplewhofavorsweetcookiesandcolorfullooks.喜欢甜甜的饼干和色彩艳丽的外观的人很喜欢马卡龙这种糕点。②Ilikemacaroonmainlybecauseitiseye-pleasing.我喜欢马卡龙主要是因为它看起来赏心悦目。TextB

Notes5.picklev.

vegetablesorfruitthathavebeenpreservedinavinegarsauceorsaltywaterJane:Dopeoplestilllovepickledvegetablesnow?David:Yes,theydo.Peopleeatthemnowadaysfortherichflavoroftasteratherthanpreservingvegetablesforwintersduetothelackofsupply.Jane:Icannotagreemore.TextB

Notes6.lasagnan.

thin,widesheetsofpasta,oradishconsistingoflayersofthiscombinedwithtwodifferentsauces①LasagnaisGarfield’sfavoritefoodandminealso.千层面是加菲猫的最爱,也是我的最爱。②Don’tcareaboutcalorieswhenyoueatlasagna.吃千层面的时候就不要想热量的问题了。TextB

Notes7.salmonn.

amedium-sizedsilver-coloredfish;itspinkfleshiseatenasafood①Salmonisfamousforitsbrightcolorandrichnutrition.三文鱼以其鲜亮的颜色和丰富的营养著称。②SalmonismainlyfoundinthehighlatitudeareainCanada,

Norway,JapanandAmerica.三文鱼主要产自加拿大、挪威、日本以及美国等高纬度地区。TextB

Notes8.marinatev.topouramarinadeovermeatorfishmarinade腌料汁①Thechoppedporkribswillbemarinatedabouthalfanhourbefore

cooking.制作前要把切好的排骨用料汁腌制半个小时。②Thedeliciousmarinadeisthekeyofthisdish.这道菜的关键是美味的腌料汁。

TextB

Notes9.mollusk(mollusc)n.anyanimalthathasasoftbody,nospine,andisoftencoveredwithashell①Oysters,musselsandsnailsallbelongtomollusks.牡蛎、青口贝和蜗牛都属于软体动物。②Simplyboiledmollusksaretastyenough.清水煮的贝类就已经很好吃了。TextB

Notes10.jambalayan.

adishfromthesouthernUSconsistingofrice,prawns,chickenandvegetables①Jambalayaisthickwithalotofmeat.什锦饭浓稠多肉。②JambalayaislikeYangzhoufriedrice.什锦饭和扬州炒饭很像。TextB

KeySentences1.Throughoutthe19thand20thcenturies,therewerelotsofItalianimmigrantstoScotlandandinlateryearsthosefromPakistan,India,andtheMiddleEastalsotraveledtoScotland.TheadditionofthesecultureshasdramaticallyaffectedScottishcooking.immigrant

移民(移入)emigrant

移民(移出)dramaticallyadv.toagreatdegreeLifeofChinesepeoplewillchangedramaticallyifafamilyhasthreechildrentotakecareof.TextB

KeySentences2.

PotatoesareessentialtoGermancuisineandarefoundinmanydishes.ThemostfamousGermandishesareconsideredtobesauerkrautandbratwurst.sauerkraut

/ˈsaʊəkraʊt/酸菜bratwurst

/'brætwə:st/

香肠beconsideredtobe被认为

GermansauerkrautisconsideredtobetastedlikeChinesepickledcabbage.人们认为德国酸菜和中国的酸菜味道相似。TextB

KeySentences3.TheUnitedStatesisarichandvariedblendofpeoples,religionsandcultures,andthisdiversityisreflectedinitscuisine.blend

v./n.混合blender搅拌机breakfast+lunch

brunchsmoke+fogsmognews+broadcastnewscastmotor+hotelmotelisreflectedin反应One’spersonalityisreflectedinsmalldeedsratherthanwhathesays.一个人的个性是由他所做的一件件小事反应出的,而不是他说了什么。blendingTextBI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListsomefamousWesterncuisinesandtheiruniqueness.BangersandmashisatraditionalBritishdishmadeofmashedpotatoesandsausage.Itissometimesservedwithoniongravy,friedonions,bakedbeansorpeas.AmacaroonisaFrenchsweetmeringue-basedconfectionmadewitheggwhite,icingsugar,granulatedsugar,almondpowder,andfoodcoloring.Itiscommonlyfilledwithganache,buttercream,orjamsandwichedbetweentwocookies.

Pizzaisaflatbreadgenerallytoppedwithtomatosauceandcheeseandbakedinanoven.Itiscommonlytoppedwithaselectionofmeat,vegetables,andcondiments.TextB2.WriteashortpassageaboutthedifferencesbetweenChineseDezhoubraisedchickenandAmericanfriedchicken.

DezhoubraisedchickenisatraditionaldishfromthecityofDezhouinChina.ItwasdevelopedintheQingDynasty.Thechickenislustrous,tender,fleshy,andsavory.FriedchickenisafamousSouthernAmericandishwhichconsistsofpiecesofbroilerchickensthathavebeenflouredandthendeepfried.Thebreadingaddsacrispcrusttotheexterior.TextB3.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncuisineinstaplefood?

ThestaplefoodbetweenChineseandWesterncuisineisdifferent.Riceandcookedwheatenfoodsuchasnoodles,steamedbread,anddumplingsserveasthemainstaplefoodinChina.However,bread,meat,potato,andmilkarethestaplefoodinWesterncountries.TextBII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.grilling

Grillingisaformofcookingthatinvolvesheatappliedtothesurfaceoffood,commonlyfromaboveorbelow.Grillingtendstobeusedforcookingmeatquickly.Foodtobegrillediscookedonagrill,agrillpanorgriddle.TextB2.smoking

Smokingistheprocessofflavoring,cooking,orpreservingfoodbyexposingittosmokefromburningorsmolderingmaterial,mostlywood.Meatandfisharethemostcommonsmokedfood.TextB3.baking

Bakingisamethodofcookingthatusesprolongeddryheat,normallyinanoven,butalsoinhotashesoronhotstones.Themostcommonbakeditemisbread,butmanyothertypesoffoodarebaked.TextB4.frying

Fryingisthemethodofcookinginoilorfat.Chemically,oilandfatarethesame,differingonlyinmeltingpoint.Avarietyoffoodcanbefried,includingpotatochips,bread,eggs,andfoodmadefromeggs.TextB5.boiling

Boilingsimplyinvolvesplacingfoodinboilingwater.Itismainlyusedforcookingsmall-sizedingredients.Preparedingredientsareplacedintoawokalongwithwaterandappropriateseasoningswhenthesurfaceofthewateriscontinuallyagitatedbylargebubbles.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.TheUnitedStatesisalandofimmigrantssoAmericanseatfoodfrommanydifferentcountries.WhenpeoplemovetoAmerica,theybringtheircookingstyleswiththem.AmericansloveItalianpizza,Mexicantacos,andChinesespringrolls,buttheAmericanversiondoesn’ttastequiteliketheoriginal.1.美国是个移民之地,所以美国人吃的食物来自许多不同的国家。当人们移居美国,他们也将自己的烹调风格带了进来。美国人喜爱意大利的比萨、墨西哥的玉米饼和中国的春卷,但是这些东西的美国版味道却不是很地道。TextB2.AformalWesterndinnerconsistsofseveralcourses,includinganappetizer,soup,thesidedish,themaindish,andadessert.Theatmospherefilledwithlightmusicwillserveasbackgroundwhenpeopleconversewitheachotherinarestaurant.Normally,sucharestaurantiselegantlydecoratedtohighlighttheatmospherecreatedbythemusic.2.正式的西餐包括几道菜:开胃菜、汤、副菜、主菜和甜品。当人们在餐馆交谈时,周围会弥漫着柔和的背景音乐。西餐馆通常装饰高雅以烘托音乐营造的氛围。StinkyTofuFishandChipsTextCComparison1TeaCoffeeTextCComparison2ChopsticksKnifeandForkTextCComparison3BeijingRoastDuckFoieGrasTextCComparison4FamilyReunionDinnerThanksgivingDinnerTextCComparison5Case

Study

一次法国大餐的体验一个朋友同我讲述了他在法国游玩时吃法国大餐的尴尬体验。因为不想花费太多,他便找了一家外观看起来挺普通的餐厅,然而精致讲究的侍者和烦琐的迎客礼仪让他丝毫不敢松懈。所有餐具都十分精致:餐盘别致,赏心悦目;刀叉闪亮,数量众多;盛酒水的杯子也随着酒水种类的变化而变化。

每道菜的食材搭配都十分用心,摆盘精美,异常精致,这导致他暗暗思忖:“这顿大餐一定是吃不饱啦!”然而从餐前酒、开胃小点、前菜、Case

Study

汤,再到主菜、甜点、咖啡、餐后酒,这样一道道程序下来,他竟然有一种吃不下的感觉了。法餐中,侍者会等你用完一道菜才上下一道菜,但是因为朋友吃不下重奶酪,便卡在了这个环节,侍者却不停地上来询问是否菜肴不合口味,让人感觉好尴尬。最后朋友只得向侍者解释,他实在无法吃下重奶酪,才得以继续进餐。这一餐整整吃了三个多小时。Case

Study

分析点评

中餐和法餐在用餐的环节上存在较大差异。中餐讲究色、香,味俱全,虽上菜时先冷后热,先鲜后咸,但一般都会一次上全供食客享用。法餐追求完美和情调,气氛悠闲而融洽,体现了一种“慢食”的理念。中餐博大精深,法餐细腻考究,食客只要本着接纳他国餐饮文化的态度就一定会有享受美食的美好体验。Translation

汉译英

1.

中国菜

中国的烹饪历史悠久,有8000多种有名的菜品,48种基本的烹饪方式,包括烤、煎、煮等。中国菜可以大致分为八个主要的地方菜系(cuisine),流传最广的当属四川菜系。川菜以麻辣著称,宫保鸡丁、麻婆豆腐大受人们欢迎,四川火锅是世界上最有名的火锅。除此之外,还有其他很多著名的地方菜系,如北京菜和上海菜。北京菜油腻且口味偏咸,最典型的是北京烤鸭,几乎每一个到北京的外国人都会到全聚德吃烤鸭。上海菜口味偏甜,对于喜欢甜食的人再好不过了。Translation

Keys

1.ChineseDishesChinesecookinghasalonghistory.Thereareover8,000well-knownChinesedishesand48basicwaysofcookingincludingroasting,shallow-frying,andboiling,etc.Chinesecookingcanberoughlydividedinto8regionalschoolsofcuisine.ThemostpopularoneisSichuancuisine,whichisspicyandhot.KungPaochickenandMapotofuareverypopularwithpeople.Sichuanhotpotisthemostfamoushotpotintheworld.Additionally,therearemanyotherfamouslocalschoolsofcuisine,suchasBeijingcuisineandShanghaicuisine.Beijingfoodisgreasyandalittlesalty.ThemosttypicaloneisBeijingroastduck.NearlyeveryforeignerwhocomestoBeijingwilltasteBeijingroastduckinQuanjudeRestaurant.Shanghaifoodtastessweet.It’sthebestchoiceforpeoplewholovesweetfood.Translation

汉译英

2.火锅

在中国,火锅已有2000多年的历史。它最早流行于最寒冷的地区,之后在很多地区盛行,并出现了具有地方特色的种类。吃火锅时,家人和朋友围坐在桌边,桌子中间放着热腾腾的火锅。吃火锅时,人们可以根据自己的口味放肉、海鲜、蔬菜和其他配料,自己烹饪。人们也一边尽情地聊天,一边享受美餐。Translation

Keys

2.Hotpot

InChina,hotpothasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.Intheearliestdays,itwasonlypopularinthecoldestareas.Lateron,itbecameprevalentinmanyregions,andhotpotwithlocalfeaturesalsoappeared.Wheneatinghotpot,familiesandfriendssitaroundatableandthesteaminghotpotisplacedatthecenterofit.Peoplecanputmeat,seafood,vegetables,aswellasotheringredientsintothepotaccordingtothe

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