Unit1-2022届高考英语一轮复习

选择性必修第一册UNIT1

PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT英语2022高考总复习GAOKAOZONGFUXI内容索引核心考点课堂突破随堂巩固迁移运用核心考点课堂突破1.committedadj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的[教材原句]TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.(P2)屠呦呦,一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)(2020·江苏卷)AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthecommitment(commit)Wilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.(2)Usuallythemostawkwardemailmistakeis

committed(commit)inanger.

[小情境写作](3)但他很快发现他喜欢演奏这种乐器,并致力于练习它,使他在几个月内演奏得相当不错。Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,and

was

committed

to/committed

himself

topracticingitsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell.(4)但更重要的是,我们承诺作为夫妻一起成长。Butmoreimportantly,we

made

a

commitmenttogrowtogetherasacouple.考点必记(1)becommittedtodoingsth全力以赴做某事(2)commitv.做出(错事);犯(罪);承诺;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)commitamistake犯错commitcrime犯罪commit...to...把(时间、金钱、人力等)投入到……commitoneselftodo承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)(3)commitmentn.承诺;投入,奉献makeacommitment作出承诺[语境串记]Hehasmade

a

commitmentthathewillcommit

himself

tohisstudyinthenewacademicyearbecauseheknowsthattosucceed,oneneeds100%commitment.他已经做出承诺,新的学年他将专注于学习;因为他知道,一个人要想成功需要100%的投入。2.evaluatevt.评价;评估[教材原句]Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.(P2)她的团队查阅了2000多本古老的医药文献,并对280000种植物的药用价值进行了评估。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbe

evaluated(evaluate)intermsofoverallquality.

[小话题写作](2)(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)在每一个动作中,你必须分析情况,处理对手正在做的事情,并从所有选项中评估最佳动作。Oneverysinglemoveyouhavetoanalyzeasituation,processwhatyouropponentisdoingandevaluate

the

best

movefromamongallyouroptions.考点必记(1)evaluateone’sability评估某人的能力evaluateone’swork评估某人的工作(2)evaluationn.评估[名师点津]evaluate和evaluation的近义词是assess和assessment。3.distinctadj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的[教材原句]Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.(P2)在他们的研究中,他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代疗法,这些方法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction(distinct).[小话题写作](2)两个人可能互相梦见对方,而且发现他们的梦有着清晰的联系。Twopeoplemaybothdreamoftheother,andfindthattheirdreamshada

distinct

connection.考点必记(1)bedistinctfrom有别于(2)distinctionn.差别;区别;不同4.obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得

vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行[教材原句]Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.(P2)然后,他们试着把新鲜的苦艾煮开,用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不管用。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)First,youshouldanalyzetheinformationobtained(obtain)fromthelocalpeopleandtourists.[小话题写作](2)(2019·江苏卷)科学家们已经获得了更多的证据表明塑料正在进入人体。Scientistshaveobtained

more

evidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.(3)医院最近获得了新的医疗设备,可以让更多患者接受治疗。Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtained

new

medical

equipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.[翻译句子](4)Thelongerthissituationobtains,thetoughertheproblemsbecome.这种情况持续的时间越长,问题就越棘手。考点必记(1)obtain...from...从……获取……obtainadvice/information/permission得到忠告/信息/许可(2)obtainableadj.可获得的,可得到的5.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢[教材原句]However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.(P2)然而,屠呦呦并不承认失败。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)Wearesendingyousomegiftsinacknowledgement(acknowledge)ofyourvaluablehelp.(2)Thefestivalis

acknowledged(acknowledge)asaneventofinternationalimportance.

[小话题写作](3)(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)在她被一位顾客提名为“柴郡年度女性”后她多年的努力最终得到了认可。Heryearsofhardworkhave

been

finally

acknowledgedafteracustomernominatedhertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.考点必记(1)acknowledge...as/tobe...承认……是……Itisacknowledgedthat...普遍认为……acknowledgedoingsth承认做过某事(2)acknowledgementn.承认;确认;感谢inacknowledgementof感谢6.defeatn.失败;挫败

vt.击败;战胜[教材原句]However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.(P2)然而,屠呦呦并不承认失败。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)(2018·天津卷)Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentwewere

defeated(defeat).

[小话题写作](2)最重要的事就是非到不得已不要认输。Themostimportantthingisnottoadmit/acknowledge

defeatuntilyoureallyhaveto.[选词填空:win/beat/defeat](3)Theathletedefeated/beathiscompetitorsandwonthegoldmedal.(4)Lastweekourschoolbeattheirschoolatfootball.(5)Theywonthewar,althoughitcostthemmillionsoflives.(6)She’salive—herheartisstillbeating.考点必记sufferadefeat遭到失败anarrowdefeat惜败adefeatedarmy败军acknowledge/admitdefeat承认失败[易混辨析]win“赢得”赛事、战争、某物,宾语是game,prize等beat在比赛中“战胜、击败”对手,还有“连续打击、心跳、敲鼓”等意思defeat在比赛中“战胜、击败”对手。在战争中“战胜、击败”敌人[熟词生义]defeatvt.使困惑;难住Theinstructionmanualcompletelydefeatedme.这操作指南把我完全弄糊涂了。7.insistvi.&vt.坚持;坚决要求[教材原句]TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.(P3)屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物,以确保它是安全的。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)Hermotherfinallyallowedhertogo,insistingonherkeeping(keep)closetothehouseandnotridingtoofar.(2)Theoldmaninsistedthathewas(be)illand(should)be

sent(send)tohospital.

[小话题写作](3)(2019·天津卷)你应该尊重别人的观点,同时坚持你认为正确的事情。Youshouldrespecttheviewsofothers,andatthesametimeinsist

onwhatyouthinkisright.考点必记insiston坚决要求insiston(doing)sth坚持(做)某事insistonsb/one’sdoingsth坚持某人做某事insistthatsb(should)dosth坚持某人做某事[名师点津]insist后接的从句表示一种观点或事实时不用虚拟语气。[佳句背诵]Heinsisted

thathewasrightandshouldnotbepunished.他坚持自己是对的,不应该受到惩罚。8.conclusionn.结论;推论[教材原句]Didyoucometoanyconclusions?(P4)你得出任何结论了吗?语境巧练[单句语法填空](1)(2020·天津卷)ThisledJonestotheconclusion(conclude)thattherearetoomanyextremelylonelypeopleinhiscommunity,whoareeasytargetsofcheating.(2)FromwhathesaysIconcludethathehasnotmuchinterestinit.[小话题写作](3)综上所述,散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。In

conclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyable,andreadilyavailableformofexercise.(4)当小组讨论接近尾声时,确保以要点结束讨论。Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesuretoconclude

it

withimportantpoints.考点必记(1)cometo/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论leadsbtoaconclusion使某人得出结论inconclusion最后(2)concludev.推断;决定,作结论conclude...from...从……得出结论……concludesthwithsth用……结束……9.circumstancen.条件;环境;状况[教材原句]ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.(P5)我们帮不了琳达,她的处境是我们无法控制的。语境巧练[完成句子](1)旧的规则之所以需要修改,是因为它仅适用于一百年前存在的情形。Theoldruleshavetoberevisedbecausetheyonlyapplied

to

the

circumstancesthatexistedwhentheyweremadeahundredyearsago.(2)我原计划第二天离开的,但在这样的情况下,我决定再住一夜。Iplannedtoleavethenextdaybutunder/in

the

circumstancesIdecidedtostayanothernight.(3)我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。IknowIcantrustherin/under

any

circumstance.考点必记in/undernocircumstances决不in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下in/underanycircumstance在任何情况下[名师点津]in/undernocircumstances这种表示否定意义的短语用于句首时,句子用部分倒装语序。Under/In

no

circumstanceswillhelendmoneytoanyone.他决不借钱给别人。10.独立主格结构[教材原句]Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,the

most

well-known

being

the

general

theory

of

relativity

and

the

famous

formula

E=mc2.(P8)他对世界做了许多贡献,其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)Muchtimespent(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.(2)China’simageisimprovingsteadily,morecountriesrecognising(recognise)itsroleininternationalaffairs.(3)Thetreesareextremelytallthere,some

measuring(measure)90metres.考点必记独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词、形容词、副词等构成的一种独立结构。构成如下:名词/代词+不定式名词/代词+过去分词名词/代词+动词-ing形式名词/代词+介词短语名词/代词+形容词名词/代词+副词11.consequencen.结果;后果[教材原句]Asaconsequence,hehadtofleeGermany.(P8)因此,他不得不逃离德国。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomattertheconsequences(consequence).[小话题写作](2)(2019·江苏卷)艾玛出生于一个国际鹤类基金会,由人类看护人抚养长大。尽管她在那里度过了一段美好的时光,这导致了意想不到的后果。Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawasraisedbyhumancaretakers.Thisledtoan

unexpected

consequence,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.[句式升级]Thefarmwasflooded,andasaresult,mostoftheharvestwaslost.→(3)Thefarmwasflooded,and

as

a

consequence,mostoftheharvestwaslost.→(4)Thefarmwasflooded,and

consequently/therefore,mostoftheharvestwaslost.考点必记(1)asaconsequence因此(=asaresult)asaconsequenceof由于(=asaresultof)inconsequence(ofsth)由于(……的缘故);因而(2)consequentlyadv.因为;由于12.encountervt.偶然碰到;遇到

n.邂逅;遭遇[教材原句]Infact,Einsteinoftenencounteredpeopleonthestreetwhowouldstophimandaskhimtohelpexplainthings.(P8)事实上,爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人,他们会拦住他,请他帮忙解释一些事情。语境巧练[小话题写作](1)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)当我在英语学习中遇到问题时,我的老师会耐心地倾听,并仔细地给我解释,帮助我克服困难。WhenIencounter

problemsinEnglishlearning,myteacherlistenstomepatientlyandexplainsthemcarefully,helpingmeovercomethedifficulties.(2)这个故事描述了一个男人与一只海豚之间的奇遇。Thestorydescribesthe

extraordinary

encounterbetweenamanandadolphin.[句式升级](3)(2019·天津卷)Ireadthatpeoplearemoredividedthanever,butthat’snothowthepeopleImeettendtoact.→Ireadthatpeoplearemoredividedthanever,butthat’snothowthepeopleIencountertendtoact.考点必记encounterproblems遇到问题encounterdifficulty遇到困难encounter(n.)withsb/sth突然或意外的与……相遇随堂巩固迁移运用Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperiencedstaffcommitted(commit)togivingourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.2.Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation(evaluate).3.CouldyoutellmewhatIhavetodoto

obtain(obtain)astudentvisaandhowlongtheprocesswilltake?

4.Itisatruthfinallyanduniversallyacknowledged(acknowledge)thatasinglewomanwithbrainsdeservestohaveequalopportunitiestomen.5.Damagedbutnotdefeated(defeat),hewasstillaheadofme.6.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsisto

analyse(analyse)yourshortandlongtermobjectives(objective),keeping(keep)inmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.

7.Founded(found)inMoscowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.8.Theyarenotallowedtouseadictionary,andmuchofthemeaningmustbe

inferred(infer)fromthecontext.

9.Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous”experiencethatsummer,butshesawaslowbutremarkable(remark)improvementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.10.Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtoafalseconclusion(conclude).Ⅱ.根据汉语提示补全短文内容DearJimmy,YouwrotetoaskmeabouttheuniversityIaminnow.1.Founded

in

1911(成立于1911年),TsinghuaUniversityhasalonghistoryandh