广东省佛山市顺德区普通高中2024-2025学年高三上学期教学质量检测（一）英语试题（解析版）

第1页/共1页2024年顺德区普通高中高三教学质量检测(一)英语试题本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将答题卡上的相应位置填涂考生号。因听说另考，试题从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题号从“21”开始。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案写在试卷上无效。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAnimalCareVolunteerPrograminArgentina-CordobaProjectdetailsWanttovolunteerwithanimalsinArgentina-Córdoba?AnimalCareVolunteerProgrambenefitsbothrescuedanimalsandchildrenfromlow-incomeareasofCórdoba.Volunteershelpatasmallfarmthatworksasananimalshelterandlearningcentre,wherelocalchildrenspendthedayconnectingwithanimalsoutdoorsandparticipatinginactivitiesthattheywouldnotbeabletoaccessthroughtheirownmeans.Whattoexpect?Fromhorsestobabygoatsrabbitstochickens,volunteersaretaskedwiththeimportantresponsibilityoftendingtotheneedsoftheseanimals,ensuringtheyreceivethecare,treatment,andattentionnecessaryfortheirwell-being.●Volunteertasksmayvarybuttypicallyinvolve:●Playingandentertaininganimals●Keepingtheirlivingspacesclean●Maintainingthegrounds,includingpaintingandrepairingasnecessary●Tendingtocropsandmanagingnaturalfertilizers●Welcomingandguidingvisitors●HelpingtoorganizefundraisingeventsWhatwillyougain?ByvolunteeringontheAnimalCareproject,you’llbeaddingvaluetothelocalcommunity,whilealsodevelopingpersonallyandprofessionallyby:●PracticingyourSpanish●Developingyourcommunicationskills●Gaininganimalcareandfarmexperience●FullyengagingyourselfinArgentineculture●ExploringthestunningregionandcityofCórdoba1.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheAnimalCarePrograminCórdoba?A.Toprovidetrainingforvolunteers.B.Torunacommercialfarmforprofit.C.Toimprovethelifeofthelocalpeople.D.Tocareforanimalsandchildrenalike.2.Whichtaskmayvolunteersdoattheanimalshelter?A.Cleaninganimallivingspaces.B.Conductingmedicalresearch.C.Organizingtouristtripstodifferentcities.D.PaintingandrepairingthecityofCórdoba.3.Whatwillyougainfromvolunteeringthere?A.Runningafarmbusiness.B.ImprovingyourSpanish.C.ExploringCórdobaforfree.D.Learningtocookforthelocals.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了阿根廷科尔多瓦动物关怀志愿者项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Projectdetails部分中“AnimalCareVolunteerProgrambenefitsbothrescuedanimalsandchildrenfromlow-incomeareasofCórdoba.(动物关怀志愿者项目使获救的动物和来自Córdoba低收入地区的儿童受益)”可知，该项目的主要目的是照顾动物和儿童，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Whattoexpect?部分中“Keepingtheirlivingspacesclean(保持生活空间整洁)”可知，志愿者在动物收容所可能会清理动物的生活空间，故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Whatwillyougain?部分中“PracticingyourSpanish(练习西班牙语)”可知，通过做志愿者可以提高西班牙语，故选B。BMydaughterisasmartkid,butshe’dneverreadanentirechapterbookforpleasure.Shehadneverdevelopedanyhabitofclassicdeepreading—withtwoeyesinfrontofpaper,andnothingelsegoingon.WhenIfacedthistruth,itfeltlikeaparentingfailure.Eventhoughwe’dreadmanystorybookswhenshewasyoungerandwelivedinahousestuffedwithbooks,Ihadn’tmanagedtoinstill(灌输)oneoflife’sfundamentalpleasuresinmykid.Asalifelongreader,Iunderstandhowreadingenhancesthefabricofourexperience.Yetmydaughterclaimedtodislikereading.Itoldherreadingnovelswasthebestwaytolearnabouthowpeople’sinsideswork.Shesaidshecouldlearnmorefromthepeopleonsocialmedia,whowereallaboutspillingtheirinsides.Isaidbooksofferedstorytelling.Shesaid,“Smartphones.”Isaidbookstaughthistory.Shesaid,“TheInternet.”Icouldnotwinourdebates,becausefewofmydaughter’sargumentsagainstreadingseemedwrongtome.Yes,readingisawaytodiscovernewworlds—soistheentireInternet.Butthat’snotwhyIwantedmydaughtertopickupabook.Itwasaboutexperiencingacertainmagic.Youknowwhenanauthordescribesafeelingyoudidn’thave,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?Iwantedhertohaveachanceatfeelingthat.Ascreen-basedmediumcan’tcreatethiskindofrelationshipbecause,byitsnature,themediummustfillinalltheblanksforyou.Booksleavespaceforblanks—andfortheinternalinventiontheycaninspire.SoIdecidedtocutthroughallthereasoningwithacold,hardpracticality:cash.Itoldmy11-year-oldIwouldpayher$100toreadanovelwithinamonth.Ofcourse,shesaidyes.Shefinishedthebookinsevendays.Thensheevenaskedforthesequel(续集)—atnoextracharge.WillthisleadtoherreadingLittleWomen?Willitresultinalifelonghabitofreading?Idon’tknow.WhatIdoknowisthatIfinallyopenedanewdoorforhertotheprintedpage.ThatfeelslikethebestmoneyIeverspent.4.Whatdoesthe“parentingfailure”inparagraph1referto?A.Failuretogetalongwellwithherdaughter.B.Failuretomeetherdaughter’semotionalneeds.C.Failuretodevelopareadinghabitinherdaughter.D.Failuretoprovideenoughstorybooksinthehouse.5.Whydoestheauthorwantherdaughtertoreadbooks?A.Tohelpherdiscovernewworlds.B.Tohelpherfillinalltheblanks.C.TohelpherspendlesstimeontheInternet.D.Toletherfeelamomentofdeepconnection.6.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutspending$100toencourageherdaughtertoread?A.Sheregretsspendingthemoney.B.Sheisunsureifitwillleadtoaloveofreading.C.Shefeelsdisappointedwiththefinaloutcome.D.Sheisconfidentinherdaughter’sfuturechoices.7.Whatcouldbeabesttitleforthepassage?A.CreatingaReader:AMother’sJourneyB.EncouragingReading:TipsforChildrenC.TheMagicofBooksinaDigitalAgeD.TheDeclineofReadingAmongChildren【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者的女儿不喜欢阅读，作者想办法帮助女儿养成阅读习惯的经历。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线短语上句“Shehadneverdevelopedanyhabitofclassicdeepreading—withtwoeyesinfrontofpaper,andnothingelsegoingon.(她从来没有养成过任何经典深度阅读的习惯——两只眼睛看着纸，什么都不做。)”可知，我的女儿没有阅读的习惯，由此可知，“WhenIfacedthistruth,itfeltlikea

parentingfailure.(当我面对这个事实时，感觉是parentingfailure。)”中画线部分的“parentingfailure”指的是“没有在女儿身上培养出阅读习惯”，作者认为自己在这方面是失败的。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Itwasaboutexperiencingacertainmagic.Youknowwhenanauthordescribesafeelingyoudidn’thave,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?Iwantedhertohaveachanceatfeelingthat.(这是关于体验某种魔力。你知道吗，当一位作家描述了一种你没有的感觉，一百个灯泡在你头顶上熄灭了？我希望她有机会感受到这一点。)”可知，作者希望女儿通过阅读感受到作家描述的一种你没有的感觉；由此可知，作者想让女儿读书，因为想让她感受到一段深深的联系，与作家想要表达的情感产生共鸣。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Itoldmy11-year-oldIwouldpayher$100toreadanovelwithinamonth.Ofcourse,shesaidyes.Shefinishedthebookinsevendays.Thensheevenaskedforthesequel(续集)—atnoextracharge.WillthisleadtoherreadingLittleWomen?Willitresultinalifelonghabitofreading?Idon’tknow.(我告诉我11岁的女儿，我会给她100美元，让她在一个月内读完一本小说。当然，她答应了。她在七天内完成了这本书。然后她甚至要求要续集——不额外收费。这会让她读《小妇人》吗？这会帮她养成终身阅读的习惯吗？我不知道。)”可知，作者给女儿100美元让她在一个月内读完一本小说，女儿七天内完成了这本书，甚至要求读续集而且不额外要钱，但是作者不确定自己的做法能否帮女儿养成终身阅读的习惯；由此可知，对于花100美元鼓励女儿读书，作者不确定这是否会让她爱上阅读。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Shehadneverdevelopedanyhabitofclassicdeepreading—withtwoeyesinfrontofpaper,andnothingelsegoingon.(她从来没有养成过任何经典深度阅读的习惯——两只眼睛看着纸，什么都不做。)”以及最后一段中“WhatIdoknowisthatIfinallyopenedanewdoorforhertotheprintedpage.ThatfeelslikethebestmoneyIeverspent.(我所知道的是，我终于为她打开了一扇通往书本的新大门。我觉得这是我迄今为止最好的一项花销。)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者的女儿不喜欢阅读，作者想办法帮助女儿养成阅读习惯的经历，“CreatingaReader:AMother’sJourney”意为“创造一个读者：一位母亲的旅程”，能够概括文章主要主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。CPeopleoftenthinkthatscientificdiscoveriescomefromthegeniuseslikeCharlesDarwinandAlbertEinstein.Suchaviewoverlookstheeffortsoflesser-knownpioneers.Also,popularbeliefholdsthatthesuddenideaisthekeytomakingscientificbreakthroughs,asifitjustappearsinsomeone’smind.Thisopinionmightbepartiallytrue.Itdoesn’taccuratelyrepresentthetruenatureofscientificbreakthroughs.Apartfrom,thegreatfiguressuchasDarwinandEinstein,whosecontributionsarerightlyrecognized—webelieveinnovationislargelyatrial-and-errorprocess,wheretwostepsforwardmaysometimescomewithonestepbackorevenmorestepstotherightorleft.TakeJohnNicholson,alesser-knownscientistfromthe1910s.Hewasamathematicalphysicistwhosuggestedtheideaof‘proto-elements’inspace.Bymixingdifferentweightsoftheseatoms,hecouldrecovertheweightsoftheelementsintheperiodictable.Thoughproto-elementsdon’tactuallyexist,Nicholson’swildideasledhimtoproposeanewtheoryaboutatomicstructure.NielsBohr,theNobelprize-winningfatherofmodernatomictheory,laterbuiltonthisideatodevelophisfamousmodeloftheatom.Whatcanwelearnfromthisstory?Scienceisalwaysevolving,similartotheevolutionofanimalspecies.Justrandomorunexpectedchangesofideasmayopenthedoorforadvancesinscience.Supportforthisideacanbeseeninmanyareas.Forexample,inUShorseracing,the‘acey-deucy’stirrupplacement,wheretherider’sleftfootisplacedlowerthantherightfoot,providesaspeedadvantageonovaltracks.Itwascreatedbyalittle-knownridernamedJackieWestrope.HadWestropedonecarefulresearchtodevelopthistechnique?No.Hehadaleginjurythatpreventedhimfromfullybendinghisleftknee.Thischangejusthappenedtoimprovehisleft-handturningperformance.Asaresult,manyridersquicklyadoptedtheacey-deucystyle,whichisstillusedinracingtoday.Manyotherexamplesshowscienceprogressoftencomesfrommistakes,accidents,orpureluck.It’stimetoabandonthenaivebeliefsofgeniusandexplorethetruecausesofcreativity.8.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Tosupportspecificideas.B.Todescribeacommonbelief.C.Tocomparecertainbeliefs.D.Tochallengeapopularview.9.WhatdoesthewriterimplyaboutDarwinandEinsteininparagraph2?A.Theysetanexampleforotherstofollow.B.Theirwayofworkinghasbeenmisunderstood.C.Theyareexceptionstotheusualrule.D.Theirachievementsdeservegreaterrecognition.10.WhatdoweknowabouttheideaofNicholson?A.Itmadehimfamousasanimportantscientist.B.Peopleonlyfullyunderstooditlaterinhistory.C.Otherscientistswereinitiallydoubtfulaboutit.D.Itpavedthewayforsomeoneelse’sbreakthrough.11.Whatismostinterestingaboutthe‘acey-deucy’stirrupadjustment?A.Whyitwasmade.B.Howquicklypeopleusedit.C.Theresearchworkbehindit.D.Theclevernessofitsfirstuser.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了发明创造不是一蹴而就的，而往往来自不断的试错过程。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“PeopleoftenthinkthatscientificdiscoveriescomefromthegeniuseslikeCharlesDarwinandAlbertEinstein.Suchaviewoverlookstheeffortsoflesser-knownpioneers.Also,popularbeliefholdsthatthesuddenideaisthekeytomakingscientificbreakthroughs,asifitjustappearsinsomeone’smind.(人们通常认为科学发现来自查尔斯·达尔文和阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦等天才。这种观点忽视了鲜为人知的先驱者的努力。此外，人们普遍认为，突然的想法是取得科学突破的关键，就好像它只是出现在某人的脑海里一样)”可知，文章第一段描述了一个普遍观点，即突然的想法是取得科学突破的关键。由此推知，第一段的目的是描述一个普遍观点。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Thisopinionmightbepartiallytrue.Itdoesn’taccuratelyrepresentthetruenatureofscientificbreakthroughs.Apartfrom,thegreatfiguressuchasDarwinandEinstein,whosecontributionsarerightlyrecognized—webelieveinnovationislargelyatrial-and-errorprocess,wheretwostepsforwardmaysometimescomewithonestepbackorevenmorestepstotherightorleft.(这种观点可能部分正确。它并不能准确地代表科学突破的真实性质。此外，达尔文和爱因斯坦等伟大人物的贡献得到了正确的认可，我们认为创新在很大程度上是一个试错过程，前进两步有时可能会后退一步，甚至向左或向右迈出更多步)”可知，事实上，创新在很大程度上是一个试错过程，并不是突然的灵感，例如，达尔文和爱因斯坦等伟大人物的贡献。由此推知，作者在第二段中暗示了达尔文和爱因斯坦的工作方式被误解了。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Thoughproto-elementsdon’tactuallyexist,Nicholson’swildideasledhimtoproposeanewtheoryaboutatomicstructure.NielsBohr,theNobelprize-winningfatherofmodernatomictheory,laterbuiltonthisideatodevelophisfamousmodeloftheatom.(尽管原元素实际上并不存在，但尼科尔森的疯狂想法使他提出了一种关于原子结构的新理论。诺贝尔奖获得者、现代原子理论之父尼尔斯·玻尔后来在这一思想的基础上发展了他著名的原子模型)”可知，尼尔斯·玻尔的原子模型是在尼科尔森的疯狂想法的基础上发展的。由此推知，尼科尔森的想法为别人的突破铺平了道路。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Itwascreatedbyalittle-knownridernamedJackieWestrope.HadWestropedonecarefulresearchtodevelopthistechnique?No.Hehadaleginjurythatpreventedhimfromfullybendinghisleftknee.Thischangejusthappenedtoimprovehisleft-handturningperformance.Asaresult,manyridersquicklyadoptedtheacey-deucystyle,whichisstillusedinracingtoday.(它是由一位名叫杰基·韦斯特洛普的鲜为人知的骑手创造的。韦斯特洛普是否进行了仔细的研究来开发这项技术？没有。他的腿受伤了，无法完全弯曲左膝。这一变化恰好提高了他的左转能力。因此，许多车手很快采用了今天仍然在比赛中使用的acey-deucy风格)”可知，杰基·韦斯特洛普发明“aceydeucy”箍筋调整不是特意进行了仔细的研究，而是因为自己的腿受伤了，偶然发现的，这很有趣。由此推知，“aceydeucy”箍筋调整最有趣的是为什么它被制作出来。故选A项。DThishasbeenthedecadeofAI,withoneadvancementafteranother.Bymid-century,wemayhaveartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI)—machinesthatcandoallthethingshumanscan.Andthat’sjustthebeginning.Machinesaren’taffectedbythesamephysicallimitationsthataffecthumanintelligence.Oncemachinesoutperformhumans,progresstowardstheselimitscouldspeedupevenmore.Whatdoesthismeanforus?Canwemakesurewelivesafelywiththesemachines?Onthepositiveside,AIisalreadyusefulinmanyareas,andsuperAIcouldbesuperuseful.However,asAIgrowsmorepowerful,itbecomescrucialtodefineitsgoalsclearly.Therearemanyfolkstoriesaboutpeoplewhoaskforthewrongthing,withdisastrousconsequences.Forinstance,KingMidaswishedeverythinghetouchedtoturntogold,buthedidn’texpecthisbreakfasttoturntogoldtoo.SoweneedtocreatepowerfulAImachinesthatare‘human-friendly’—withvaluesthatmatchourown.Onethingthatmakesthistaskdifficultisthathumansaren’talwayskindorreliable.Weoftendomanyterriblethingstomanyothercreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet.Ifsuperintelligentmachinesdon’tactbetterthanwedo,we’llbeindeeptrouble.Forourownsafety,wewantthemachinestobemorallyaswellascognitively(认知的)superiortohumans.Wewantthemtoaimforthemoralhighground.However,thisutopianvisionfacestwobigproblems.Thefirstis‘gettingstarted’problem—pointingthemachinesintherightdirection,whichwon’tbeeasybecausewearealwaysconflictedaboutourownvalues.Thesecondproblemisthe‘destination’problem—whatitwouldmeantoreachthisdestination.Ifweputourselvesinthehandsofthesesupermachines,wemightloseourownfreedom—whichisakeypartofbeinghuman.Sowhereexactlywouldthatleavehumanbeings?It’smoreimportanttothinkaboutthedestinationnowandbecarefulaboutwhatwewishfor.12.WhatpointdoesthewritermakeaboutAIinparagraph1?A.AGIwilldefinitelyreplacehumans.B.AI’sfuturepotentialseemslimitless.C.There’smuchtolearnaboutsuperAI.D.AIsharesmanyfeatureswithhumans.13.WhydoestheauthormentionthestoryofKingMidas?A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofgoals.B.TosuggestthatAIshouldreflecthumanvalues.C.Toshowpoorlydefinedgoalsmayleadtoproblems.D.TowarnaboutthedangerofbecominggreedywithAI.14Whatchallengedoesthewritermentioninparagraph3?A.Gettinghumanstoactmoremorally.B.Buildingabetterworldforallcreatures.C.MakingAImorehuman-friendlythanhumans.D.ChoosingwhichvaluesAIshouldsharewithus.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thisutopianvision”referto?A.Humanscanensurethesafetyofmachines.B.Machineswillhelpsolvethesetwobigproblems.C.Humansandmachineshavethesamemoralground.D.Machinesgetsmarterandmoremoralthanhumans.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着人工智能的发展，也显示了许多消极影响，例如人工智能不受人类控制，以及针对这个问题我们应该怎样做。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Machinesaren’taffectedbythesamephysicallimitationsthataffecthumanintelligence.Oncemachinesoutperformhumans,progresstowardstheselimitscouldspeedupevenmore.(机器不会受到影响人类智能的相同物理限制的影响。一旦机器超越人类，朝着这些极限的进展可能会更快)”可知，机器不会受到物理限制的影响，一旦机器超越人类，未来的发展是无限的。由此可知，作者在第1段中认为人工智能的未来潜力似乎是无限的。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“However,asAIgrowsmorepowerful,itbecomescrucialtodefineitsgoalsclearly.Therearemanyfolkstoriesaboutpeoplewhoaskforthewrongthing,withdisastrousconsequences.(然而，随着人工智能变得越来越强大，明确其目标变得至关重要。有很多民间故事讲的是，人们要求错了，结果却带来了灾难性的后果)”可知，本段内容告诉我们随着人工智能变得越来越强大，不能明确其目标带来了灾难性的后果，并举出了迈达斯国王的故事。由此推知，作者提到迈达斯国王的故事是为了表明不明确的目标可能会导致问题。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“SoweneedtocreatepowerfulAImachinesthatare‘human-friendly’—withvaluesthatmatchourown.Onethingthatmakesthistaskdifficultisthathumansaren’talwayskindorreliable.(因此，我们需要创造“人性化”的强大人工智能机器，其价值观与我们自己的相匹配。让这项任务变得困难的一件事是，人类并不总是善良或可靠的)”可知，我们想要人工智能机器“人性化”，但这很难，因为人类并不总是善良或可靠的，由此推知，作者在第3段中提到的挑战是让人工智能比人类更人性化。故选C项。【15题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线短语上句“Forourownsafety,wewantthemachinestobemorallyaswellascognitively(认知的)superiortohumans.Wewantthemtoaimforthemoralhighground.(为了我们自己的安全，我们希望机器在道德和认知上都优于人类。我们希望他们瞄准道德制高点)”可知，我们希望机器在道德和认知上都优于人类。由此可知，划线短语所在句指“希望机器在道德和认知上都优于人类”的愿景面临着两大问题，“Machinesgetsmarterandmoremoralthanhumans.”意为“机器变得比人类更聪明、更有道德。”能够表达划线短语在句中表达的意思。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。Charisma—orrizz(人气)wascrowned2023wordoftheyearbythepublisheroftheOxfordEnglishDictionary.Whocouldblameusforobsessingovercharisma?Itcansmoothsocialinteractions,winusfriends,andscorepromotions.____16____Approachableandrelatable.ManyexecutivesandprofessionalsIfindconfidentandchattyadmitcharismawasn’tsomethingthatcamenaturally.____17____Dave,achiefexecutiveofCargill,madeapointtorememberthedetailsanddatesofpeople’slives,suchascolleagues’birthdays.He’dpenwordsofthanksorcongratulations.____18____Treatingpeopledifferentlywillbackfire,saysCarlaHarris,aMorganStanleyexecutive.Shechatsupthewomancleaningtheoffice,thereceptionistatherdoctor’s,theguywaitingalongsideherfortheelevator.“Don’tbeconfused,”shetellsyoungpeople.Executiveassistantsareoftenthemostpowerfulpeopleinthebuilding,andyouneverknowhowsomeonecanhelporhurtyou.Acceptingyourmistakes.It’snotthatcharmingpeopledon’toccasionallymispronounceawordorspilltheircoffee.____19____Theyacknowledgethemistakeinsteadoftryingtohideit,makeasmalljoke,andmoveon.Beingperfectlypolishedallthetimeisnotonlyexhausting,it’simpossible.Appearingflawlesscancomeoffasfake.Atitsheart,charismaisn’taboutsomegrandperformance.____20____It’saboutmakingourconversationpartnersfeelthey’rethecharming—orinterestingorfunny—ones.Whileskillsgetyouhired,it’scommunicationandtrustthatleaduptheladder.A.Everyoneisimportant.B.Theyhadtoworkonit.C.Theyeasilygetattention.D.It’salsopossibletodevelop.E.Theyjusthaveafastercomeback.F.It’safeelingwebringoutinothers.G.Welikepeoplewhomakefewmistakes.【答案】16.D17.B18.A19.E20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了培养魅力的方法。【16题详解】上文“Itcansmoothsocialinteractions,winusfriends,andscorepromotions.(它可以使社交互动顺畅，为我们赢得朋友，并获得晋升)”提到魅力的好处，下文是培养个人魅力的具体方法，故D项“它也是可以培养的”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据上文“ManyexecutivesandprofessionalsIfindconfidentandchattyadmitcharismawasn’tsomethingthatcamenaturally.(我发现，很多自信且健谈的高管和专业人士都承认，魅力并非与生俱来)”和下文“Dave,achiefexecutiveofCargill,madeapointtorememberthedetailsanddatesofpeople’slives,suchascolleagues’birthdays.He’dpenwordsofthanksorcongratulations.(Cargill首席执行官Dave强调要记住人们生活中的细节和日期，比如同事的生日。他会写下感谢或祝贺的话)”可知，上文提到很多高管和专业人士都承认，魅力并非与生俱来，下文以Dave为例讲述了他提升魅力的方法，B项“他们必须努力提升它”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】空处是段落主题句，根据本段中“Treatingpeopledifferentlywillbackfire,saysCarlaHarris,aMorganStanleyexecutive.Shechatsupthewomancleaningtheoffice,thereceptionistatherdoctor’s,theguywaitingalongsideherfortheelevator.(MorganStanley高管CarlaHarris表示，区别对待员工会适得其反。她和打扫办公室的女人聊天，和她医生的接待员聊天，和在她旁边等电梯的男人聊天)”可知，本段是说不要区别对待每个人，A项“每个人都很重要”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“It’snotthatcharmingpeopledon’toccasionallymispronounceawordorspilltheircoffee.(这并不是说有魅力的人偶尔不会发错音或把咖啡洒了)”和下文“Theyacknowledgethemistakeinsteadoftryingtohideit,makeasmalljoke,andmoveon.(他们承认错误，而不是试图隐藏它，开个小玩笑，然后继续前进)”可知，有魅力的人并不是不会犯错，他们承认错误，然后继续前进，E项“他们只是返回得更快”承接前文，下文对该项进一步阐述，故选E。【20题详解】根据上文“Atitsheart,charismaisn’taboutsomegrandperformance.(从本质上讲，魅力不是一些盛大的表演)”和下文“It’saboutmakingourconversationpartnersfeelthey’rethecharming—orinterestingorfunny—ones.(这是为了让我们的谈话对象觉得他们是有魅力的，或者是有趣的，或者是有趣的)”可知，上文说魅力不是一些盛大的表演，空处应是接着说魅力是什么，结合下文可知，魅力和感受有关，F项“这是我们带给别人的一种感觉”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Forher68thbirthdayin2019,RosaSaitodecidedtogiveherselfanunusualgift—shedecidedtobecomeamodel.Overthepastyears,shehadbeen____21____byphotographersonthestreets,eachtellinghertoconsidermodeling.Sheinitially____22____theideabecausenooneeverhadcommentedonherappearance.Butovertime,somethingbegantochangeinsideher.“BeingspottedmademerealizeIcouldstillachievesomethingjustfor____23____atthisstageofmylife,”sherecalled.____24____,shedecidedtoembracetheopportunity.Herfirstcastingdidn’tlandherajob,butthe____25____fueledherexcitement.“Iwasusedtofacingchallengesmywholelife.Iwas____26____tokeepgoing,”Saitosaid.Atjust22,shehadlearned____27____whenshecaredforhersickmother.Later,sheraisedherthreechildrenaloneafterthelossofherhusband.Sheembracedwhateverlife____28____her.At69,Saito’sefforts____29____whenshegotherfirstmodellingjobforaBraziliancosmeticsbrand.“Astheoldestpersonthere,Iwalkedintothephotographystudiofeelingso______30______,”sherecalled.“Butsoon,Irelaxed.Igotsomuch______31______fromtheyoungermodels.Irealizemypresencewasshowingthemthatyoucangrowolderwithout______32______,”shesays.Now73,Saitohasposedformanyfashionbrands.She’s______33______tohaveanewstartafterher70s.“Istillhaveplentyofdreamsforthefuture,becausethereal______34______ofmaturityistotakealeapintotheunknown,”shesays.“It’snevertoolateto______35______yourself.Igainstrength,courageandconfidencefromeveryexperiencewhereIfacefear.”21.A.congratulated B.examined C.appointed D.approached22.A.putforward B.triedout C.noteddown D.brushedoff23.A.myfamily B.myself C.mycommunity D.myfellows24.A.Temporarily B.Accidentally C.Eventually D.Permanently25.A.rejection B.prejudice C.dilemma D.trick26.A.prepared B.allowed C.forced D.persuaded27.A.toughness B.faithfulness C.tolerance D.confidence28.A.promised B.awarded C.brought D.ignored29.A.disappeared B.continued C.paidoff D.stoodout30.A.natural B.frightened C.delighted D.nervous31.A.inspiration B.envy C.admiration D.instruction32.A.fear B.pain C.doubt D.regret33.A.hesitant B.proud C.impatient D.lucky34.A.advantage B.burden C.fear D.beauty35.A.question B.reshape C.limit D.teach【答案】21.D22.D23.B24.C25.A26.A27.A28.C29.C30.D31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了RosaSaito在68岁时决定成为一名模特，虽历经挑战，但凭借坚韧不拔的精神最终获得成功的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，她在街上被摄影师接近，每个人都告诉她考虑做模特。A.congratulated祝贺；B.examined检查；C.appointed任命；D.approached接近。根据下文“eachtellinghertoconsidermodeling.”可知，摄影师接近Saito让她考虑做模特。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她最初拒绝了这个想法，因为从来没有人评论过她的外貌。A.putforward提出；B.triedout试验；C.noteddown记下；D.brushedoff拒绝。根据下文“Butovertime,somethingbegantochangeinsideher.”和“____4____,shedecidedtoembracetheopportunity.”可知，她最初拒绝了做模特的想法。故选D。【23题详解】考查代词和名词短语词义辨析。句意：“被注意到让我意识到，在我人生的这个阶段，我仍然可以为自己取得一些成就，”她回忆道。A.myfamily我的家人；B.myself我自己；C.mycommunity我的社区；D.myfellows我的同事。根据上文“BeingspottedmademerealizeIcouldstillachievesomething”可知，她意识到她可以为自己实现一些事情。故选B。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，她决定接受这个机会。A.Temporarily暂时地；B.Accidentally意外地；C.Eventually最终；D.Permanently永久地。根据下文“shedecidedtoembracetheopportunity”可知，接受这个机会是她最终的决定。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的第一次试镜并没有让她得到工作，但这次拒绝却激发了她的热情。A.rejection拒绝；B.prejudice偏见；C.dilemma困境；D.trick诡计；根据上文“didn’tlandherajob”可知，她被拒绝了。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我准备继续前进，”Saito说。A.prepared准备；B.allowed允许；C.forced强迫；D.persuaded说服。根据上文“Iwasusedtofacingchallengesmywholelife”可知，她一生都习惯了面对挑战，此处说的是她已经准备好继续前进。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：年仅22岁的她，在照顾生病的母亲时已经学会了坚韧不拔。A.toughness坚韧；B.faithfulness忠诚；C.tolerance宽容；D.confidence自信。根据下文“whenshecaredforhersickmother.Later,sheraisedherthreechildrenaloneafterthelossofherhusband.”可知，下文提到了照顾自己的母亲以及失去丈夫后独自抚养三个孩子，这需要坚韧的品质，可推理出此处说的是她学会了坚韧。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她欣然接受生活带给她的一切。A.promised承诺；B.awarded奖励；C.brought带来；D.ignored忽略。根据上文“whenshecaredforhersickmother.Later,sheraisedherthreechildrenaloneafterthelossofherhusband.”可知，这些都是生活带给她的苦难。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：69岁时，Saito的努力得到了回报，她获得了为一家巴西化妆品品牌担任模特的首份工作。A.disappeared消失；B.continued继续；C.paidoff得到回报；D.stoodout突出。根据下文“whenshegotherfirstmodellingjobforaBraziliancosmeticsbrand”可知，她的努力得到了回报。故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“作为那里最老的人，我走进摄影棚时感到非常紧张，”她回忆道。A.natural自然的；B.frightened害怕的；C.delighted高兴的；D.nervous紧张的。根据下文“Butsoon,Irelaxed”可知，下文使用了转折语气，提到了她很快就放松了，可推理出她刚开始感到非常紧张。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我得到了很多年轻模特的钦佩。A.inspiration灵感；B.envy嫉妒；C.admiration钦佩；D.instruction指导。根据下文“Irealizemypresencewasshowingthemthatyoucangrowolderwithout”可知，她向年轻人展示了好的品质，因此，她从年轻模特那里得到了很多钦佩。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我意识到我的存在向他们表明，你可以无畏地变老，”她说。A.fear恐惧；B.pain疼痛；C.doubt怀疑；D.regret后悔。根据下文“Igainstrength,courageandconfidencefromeveryexperiencewhereIfacefear”可知，每一次她面对恐惧的经历都让她获得力量，勇气和信心，由此可知，此处说的是没有恐惧。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她为自己70多岁后能有一个新的开始而感到自豪。A.hesitant犹豫的；B.proud自豪的；C.impatient不耐烦的；D.lucky幸运的。根据下文“haveanewstartafterher70s”可知，她为自己能有一个新的开始而感到自豪。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我仍然对未来充满了梦想，因为成熟的真正魅力在于勇敢地踏入未知，”她说。A.advantage优势；B.burden负担；C.fear恐惧；D.beauty美丽。根据下文“takealeapintotheunknown”可知，她认为成熟的真正美丽是勇敢地跳入未知。故选D。35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“重塑自己永远不会太晚。”A.question质疑；B.reshape重塑；C.limit限制；D.teach教。根据下文“Igainstrength,courageandconfidencefromeveryexperiencewhereIfacefear”可知，下文说的是每一次她面对恐惧的经历都让她获得力量，勇气和信心，可推理出此处说的是重塑自己永远不会太晚。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，总分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。Themuch-lovedcartoonaboutBluey,aseven-year-olddog,hasbeenaworldwidephenomenonsinceitlaunchedbackin2018.Itsstoryisadeepreflectiononchange