浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 含解析

2024学年第一学期浙江“七彩阳光”新高考研究联盟期中联考高二年级英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷共10页满分150分,考试时间120分钟;2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效；4.考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherecanthemanfindtheknife?A.Onthetable.B.Nexttothefridge.C.Inthedishwasher.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thewomancanonlygetonewatchtoday.B.Thestorelimitstwowatchespercustomer.C.Thewatchesareonlyonsaleonline.3.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atatravelagency.B.Atanairport.C.Atahotel.4.Whatsuperpowerdoesthewomanwantthemost?A.Superstrengthability.B.Mind-readingability.C.Flyingability.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theweather.B.Anoldclassmate.C.Theirhighschoollife.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatproblemdoesthewomanhave?A.Shecan’taffordaticket.B.Shecan’tfindthemuseum.C.Shethoughttheexhibitionwasfree.7.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Changeaticket.B.Godownthestairs.C.Prepareforaflight.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatdoesthemando?A.HeisaTVhost.B.Heisawriter.C.Heisanartist.9.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelattheend?A.Confused.B.Uninterested.C.Inspired.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Tourguideandtourist.C.Fatheranddaughter.11.WhichpartoftheUnitedKingdomisthewomanfrom?A.Wales.B.England.C.Scotland.12.WhatdidthemangotoLondonmainlyfor?A.Attendingteacherconferences.B.Visitingfamilymembers.C.Enjoyinglocalfestivals.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatdidJerrydointhelastgame?A.Heearnedthehighestscore.B.Hescoredthewinningpoints.C.Heactedastheteamcaptain.14.Inwhichcitywillthechampionshipgamebeheld?A.Washington,D.C.B.LosAngeles.C.London.15.WhatdoesJerry’smotherwanthimtodo?A.Becomeabasketballcoach.B.Winthechampionship.C.Gotocollege.16.WhatwillprobablyhappennextFriday?A.Bettywillwatchtheman’sgame.B.Bettywillbeonabusinesstrip.C.Bettywillarrivehome.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WheredidJamesCookspendmostofhischildhood?AAtsea.B.Onafarm.C.Ataresearchcenter.18.WhydidthescientiststraveltoTahiti?A.Tomakemaps.B.Totradewithlocalpeople.C.Tostudythechangesofstars.19.WhichcountrywasfoundbyJamesCook?A.Canada.B.Australia.C.NewZealand.20.WhendidJamesCookdie?A.In1768.B.In1770.C.In1779.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳答案。AEdinburghcallsitselfthe“world’sleadingfestivalcity”withgoodreason—IthasfourmajorfestivalsinAugustalone:EdinburghInternationalFestival(2Aug.2024—26Aug.2024)TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalisanunparalleledcelebrationoftheperformingartsandanannualmeetingpointforpeoplesofallnations.Committedtovirtuosity(精湛技巧)andoriginality,theInternationalFestivalpresentssomeofthefinestperformersandbandsfromtheworldsofdance,opera,musicandtheatreforthreeweeksinAugust.EdinburghFestivalFringe(4Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)TheEdinburghFestivalFringeisoneofthegreatestcelebrationsofartsandcultureontheplanetandtakesplaceeveryAugustinEdinburgh.TheFringeSocietywasfoundedbyartiststonurtureandupholdtheFringe’svaluesofinclusivity,experimentationandimagination.AnyonecantakepartintheFringe.We’vecreatedawiderangeofresources,how-toguidesandadigitalplatform,FringeConnect,tosupportyouasFringeparticipantsandmakethemostofeverythingtheFringehastooffer.EdinburghBookFestival(10Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)EdinburghInternationalBookFestival:theworld-leadingfestivalofwords,literature,andideas.EveryAugustwepresentthelargestpubliccelebrationofthewrittenwordintheworld,bringingtogetherover500eventswiththemostexcitingwritersandthinkersontheplanettoigniteimaginations,improvehumanconnection,andchallengethecurrentsituation.Wehopeyoucanjoinus,whetherinpersonoronline.EdinburghArtFestival(9Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)EdinburghArtFestival(EAF)issettobringcultureandcommunitytothecapitalcity’suniquespaces,astheUK’slargestfestivalofvisualartsreturnsforitsnineteenthedition.UnderthenewdirectionofKimMcAleese,inherfirstdirectedprogramme,exploreexhibitions,eventsandperformancesacrossScotland’scapitalbetweenthenewdatesof9-25August2024.Thenewdatesallowforanexcitingandfullthreeweeks,alongwithotherfestivalsinthecity.1.WhatfestivalsareavailableforatouristinEdinburghfrom1Aug.to7Aug.?A.EdinburghInternationalBookFestivalandEdinburghArtFestival.B.EdinburghInternationalFestivalandEdinburghFestivalFringe.C.EdinburghInternationalFestivalandEdinburghArtFestival.D.EdinburghFestivalFringeandEdinburghBookFestival.2.WhatcanatouristattendingTheEdinburghInternationalFestivaldo?A.Watchopera. B.Gethow-toguides.C.Meetwriters. D.Exploreexhibitions.3.Whichfestivaldoesapersoncrazyaboutliteraturetendtochoose?A.EdinburghInternationalFestival. B.EdinburghFestivalFringe.C.EdinburghBookFestival. D.EdinburghArtFestival.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了爱丁堡8月四个主要节日。1题详解】细节理解题。根据“EdinburghInternationalFestival(2Aug.2024—26Aug.2024)(爱丁堡国际艺术节（2024年8月2日-2024年8月26日）)”可知，爱丁堡国际艺术节是在8月2日开始到8月26日结束，结合“EdinburghFestivalFringe(4Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)(爱丁堡艺穗节（2024年8月4日-2024年8月25日）)”可知，爱丁堡艺穗节是在8月4日开始到8月25日结束。由此可知，8月1日至8月7日，游客可以参加爱丁堡国际艺术节和爱丁堡艺穗节。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据EdinburghInternationalFestival(2Aug.2024—26Aug.2024)部分中的“Committedtovirtuosity(精湛技巧)andoriginality,theInternationalFestivalpresentssomeofthefinestperformersandbandsfromtheworldsofdance,opera,musicandtheatreforthreeweeksinAugust.(国际艺术节致力于精湛的技艺和独创性，在8月的三个星期里，来自世界各地的舞蹈、歌剧、音乐和戏剧领域的一些最优秀的表演者和乐队将参加)”可知，爱丁堡国际艺术节是一个表演盛会，其中包括来自世界各地的舞蹈、歌剧、音乐和戏剧的表演。由此可知，参加爱丁堡国际艺术节的游客可以看歌剧。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据EdinburghBookFestival(10Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)部分中的“EdinburghInternationalBookFestival:theworld-leadingfestivalofwords,literature,andideas.(爱丁堡国际图书节：世界领先的文字、文学和思想的节日)”可知，爱丁堡国际图书节事世界领先的文字、文学和思想的节日。由此可知，对文学狂热的人来说爱丁堡国际图书节是最佳选择。故选C项。BSpanishscientistPilarBoschhasfoundawaytousebacteria(细菌)torepair18th-centurypaintings.Boschamicrobiologist,tellsReutersshegottheideaforthemethodwhileconsideringpossibilitiesforapapertowardherdoctoraldegree.Duringthisprocess,shediscoveredsomeoneelse’spaperthatsuggestedbacteriacanbeusedtorestoreartworks.Ataroundthesametime,Boschlearnedthathermotherwasstrugglingtofindagoodmethodforrestoring18th-centurypaintings.Thepaintings,bySpanishartistAntonioPalomino,satinSantosJuanes—oneoftheoldestchurchesinthecityofValencia.Boschsaidhermother,PilarRoig,notedhowdifficulttherestorationprocessatthechurchwas.Onereasonwastheglueusedtoremovethepaintingsfromthewallsinthe1960s.Thesubstancewasnearlyimpossibletoremovecompletely.“MymotherhadaverydifficultproblemtosolveandIfoundapaperaboutbacteriausedtocleanfrescoesinItaly,”Boschsaid.Afrescoisakindofpaintingthatoftenappearsacrossalargewall.Boschaddedshedecidedtowriteherdoctoralpaperonthesamesubject.Thatwasmorethantenyearsago.Today,shegetstoworkwithhermotheronthechurchrestoration(修复).Theyareusingthebacteriamethodtoremovegluefromartworks.The$4.46millionprojectisbeingfinancedbylocalorganizations.Theprocessinvolvesfeedingsmallamountsoftheglue—madefromanimalcollagen(胶原)—tothebacteria.Afteratime,thebacteriabeginstonaturallyproduceenzymestobreakdowntheglue.Themother-daughterteamthenmixesthebacteriawithanaturalalgae(藻类)-basedsubstance,calledagel,andplacesitontothepaintings.Theysaythatafteraboutthreehours,thegelmixtureisremoved,leavingthepaintingsglue-free.4.HowdidBoschcomeupwiththeidea?A.Fromanewsreport. B.Fromadoctor’sinterview.C.Fromsomeoneelse’spaper. D.Fromanartprojectposter.5.Whatdoes“Thesubstance”underlinedinparagraph4referto?A.Aglue. B.Awall. C.Apainting. D.Abacterium.6.Whoisprovidingfundsforthechurchrestorationproject?A.TheSpanishgovernment. B.Thelocalorganizations.C.Themother-daughterteam. D.Theglobalartistcommunity.7.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.18th-centuryArtworksDiscoveredonChurchWalls.B.BacteriaShowAmazingPromiseinArtworkCreation.C.ChurchesAppealforMoreSupportinArtRestoration.D.ScientistUsesBacteriatoRepair18th-centuryArtworks.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙科学家PilarBosch如何通过细菌来修复18世纪画作，并介绍这种方法相比传统手段的优势及其应用情况。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Bosch,amicrobiologist,tellsReutersshegottheideaforthemethodwhileconsideringpossibilitiesforapapertowardherdoctoraldegree.Duringthisprocess,shediscoveredsomeoneelse’spaperthatsuggestedbacteriacanbeusedtorestoreartworks.(博斯是一名微生物学家，她告诉路透社，她在考虑写一篇博士论文的可能性时产生了这种方法的想法。在这个过程中，她发现了别人的论文，该论文认为细菌可以用来修复艺术品。)”可知，Bosch是从她读到的一篇研究论文中得到了基于细菌的修复方法的想法。故选C项。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线短语前的“Onereasonwastheglueusedtoremovethepaintingsfromthewallsinthe1960s.(其中一个原因是20世纪60年代用来从墙上移除画作的胶水。)”可知，在划线单词前的句子中提到了20世纪60年代用来从墙上移除画作的胶水，结合下文的“Thesubstancewasnearlyimpossibletoremovecompletely.(这种物质几乎不可能完全去除。)”可知，这种物质几乎不能完全去除，由此可知，该物质应指的是“胶水”，所以划线单词指的是“胶水”。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“The$4.46millionprojectisbeingfinancedbylocalorganizations.(这个价值446万美元的项目由当地组织提供资金。)”可知，这个项目是由当地组织出资。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“SpanishscientistPilarBoschhasfoundawaytousebacteriatorepair18th-centurypaintings.(西班牙科学家PilarBosch发现了一种利用细菌修复18世纪画作的方法)”以及下文中介绍的该修复方法是如何发现的可知，文章主要说明了Bosch发现并使用细菌修复18世纪画作的方法，所以标题“科学家用细菌修复18世纪的艺术品”与本文讲述的内容吻合，且概括了本文的主题。故选D项。CWeallknowhowweuseoursenseseveryday:Wemighthearadogbarkingortasteacrunchyapple.Butwhatifhearingthatdogbarkingalsomadeyouseethecolorblue?Ortastingthatapplemadeyouhearasoftmusicalsound?Thiscouldhappentosomeonewithsynesthesia.Synesthesiaisabrainconditionwherethesensesmixtogether.Forapersonwithsynesthesia(calleda“synesthete”),seeing,hearing,ortouchingsomethingcantrigger(触发)anothersense.Therearemanydifferenttypesofsynesthesia.Forexample,chromesthesiaiswhensoundsarelinkedtocolors,andgrapheme—colorsynesthesiaiswhenlettersandnumbersarelinkedtocolors.Therearemanyothervariationstoo.So,whydoesthishappen?Whatmakessomepeopletastebananaswhentheylistentoclassicalmusic?Itmightbeintheirgenes.Nearlyhalfofallsynesthetessaythataclosefamilymemberalsohasthesamecondition,suggestingthatitmightbeagenetictrait(特质).Onetheoryisthatsynesthesiahappensbecauseofachangeinageneresponsibleforremovingunnecessaryconnectionsinthebrain.Whenwegrow,thebrainnaturallygetsridofsomeoftheseconnections.Butifachangeoccurs,someconnectionsmightstay,leadingtothiscross-wiringofsenses.Recentstudieshavelookedathowsynesthesiamaybenefitthosewiththecondition.Researchhasfoundthatpeoplewithsynesthesiaoftenhaveexceptionalmemories.Theymayalsohavebettersenses:thosewithcolor-relatedsynesthesiacantelldifferentcolorsapartmoreeasily,andthosewithtouch-relatedsynesthesiahaveamoresensitivetouch.Additionally,synesthesiaseemstohappenmoreofteninartistsandpoets,whichsuggestsitmightboostcreativity.Inthefuture,synesthesiamaybehelpfulincuringdiseasesinvolvedwithourbrains’networkingsystemsandaidingthosewithmemoryproblems.Ithasbeenshownthatsynesthesiacanbetriggeredbydrugs,lackofsensoryinput,orhypnosis(催眠).Moreresearchcouldhelpusimproveconnectionsinthebrainandboostmemory.Synesthesiaisleadingtonewdiscoveriesabouthowourbrainswork!8.Whichisprobablyaspecificexampleofsynesthesia?A.Tastingtomatoeswheneatingapizza. B.Seeingredwhenhearingthenumber14.C.Rememberingafriendwhenseeingaphoto. D.ThinkingofShakespearewhenreadingHamlet.9.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2and3?A.Synesthesiaoftenrunsinthefamily. B.Thereareonlytwotypesofsynesthesia.C.Peoplewillgetridofsynesthesiaastheyage. D.Synesthesiaisaproductofactiveimagination.10.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph3?A.Removal. B.Change. C.Mixing. D.Disconnection.11.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Synesthesiacanhelppeopleconnectwithothers.B.Peoplecandevelopsynesthesiawiththehelpofdrugs.C.Recentstudieshavemadeprogressintreatingsynesthesia.D.Synesthesiawilloffernewinsightintreatingbraindiseases.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是联觉的概念以及联觉产生的原因及其可能带来的好处。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Forapersonwithsynesthesia(calleda“synesthete”),seeing,hearing,ortouchingsomethingcantrigger(触发)anothersense.Therearemanydifferenttypesofsynesthesia.Forexample,chromesthesiaiswhensoundsarelinkedtocolors,andgrapheme—colorsynesthesiaiswhenlettersandnumbersarelinkedtocolors.(对于有联觉的人（称为“联觉者”）来说，看到、听到或触摸某些东西可以触发另一种感觉。有许多不同类型的联觉。例如，色觉是指声音与颜色联系在一起，而字母和数字与颜色联系在一起。)”可知，联觉是一种感觉混合在一起的大脑状态，是某种感觉可以触发另一种感觉，由此可知，听到数字14时看到红色，符合联觉的定义，即一种感官刺激（听觉）引起了另一种感官（视觉）的反应。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Nearlyhalfofallsynesthetessaythataclosefamilymemberalsohasthesamecondition,suggestingthatitmightbeagenetictrait(特质).(近一半的联觉者表示，他们的近亲也有同样的症状，这表明这可能是一种遗传特征。)”可知，联觉者表示他们的近亲有同样的症状，由此可知，联觉可能是一种遗传特征。故选A项。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Whenwegrow,thebrainnaturallygetsridofsomeoftheseconnections.(当我们长大后，大脑会自然地清除这些连接。)”可知，我们长大后，这些连接就会被清除，结合“Butifachangeoccurs,someconnectionsmightstay…(但如果发生了变化，一些连接可能会保留下来……)”可知，要是上文提到的情况发生了改变，有些连接就被保留了下来，也就是没有被完全清除掉，因此而导致感觉们混合起来，由此可知，划线单词的意思应与“混合”意义相近。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据尾段“Inthefuture,synesthesiamaybehelpfulincuringdiseasesinvolvedwithourbrains’networkingsystemsandaidingthosewithmemoryproblems.(在未来，联觉可能有助于治疗与我们大脑网络系统有关的疾病，并帮助那些有记忆问题的人。)”以及“Moreresearchcouldhelpusimproveconnectionsinthebrainandboostmemory.(更多的研究可以帮助我们改善大脑的连接，提高记忆力。)”可知，未来联觉可能有助于治疗与大脑网络系统有关的疾病，提高记忆力，由此可知，最后一段主要介绍的是联觉将为治疗脑部疾病提供新的见解。故选D项。DMireilleSilcofflovestoread,buther12-year-olddaughterdoesnotsharethispassion.InaNewYorkTimesessay,Silcoffrecountsherattemptstogetherdaughtertoread,whicheventuallyledhertooffera$100bribe.ShechoseJennyHan’sTheSummerITurnedPretty,abooktiedtoaTVseriesherdaughteralreadyloved.Thedealwasforherdaughtertofinishitwithinamonth,butshecompleteditinjustaweekandevenrequestedthesequel(续篇),whichshereadfor“noextracharge.”Silcoffrecognizesthatyoungpeopletodaydealwithstoriesdifferentlybutbelievesthatbooksofferauniqueexperience.“Youknowwhenanauthorsumsupafeelingyoudidn’tevenknowyou’vehad,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?”shereflects,emphasizingthatbooksallowreaderstointeractwiththestoryinwaysthatscreenadaptationscannot.Althoughitremainstobeseenifherdaughterhasbecomeareaderforlife,Silcofffeelsshehasopenedanew“quietpersonalplace”forherdaughterintheworldofliterature,callingitthebestmoneysheeverspent.WhileIappreciateMs.Silcoff’sdesiretohaveherdaughterexperiencethejoysofreading,Iseriouslydoubtthatpayingherdaughtertoread“worked.”Whilethemoneyrewardpersuadedherdaughtertoreadthebookintheshortterm,itwasunlikelytodevelopthemotivation(动力)toread,whichmustfeellikeachoiceandunpressured.Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatpayingpeopletodothingstheyloveweakenstheirmotivationafterwards,andpayingthemtocompletetaskstheydonotenjoykeepsthemotivationtiedtorewardssothattheyarelesslikelytovaluetheactivityandchoosetoparticipateinitontheirown.Thebeliefinrewardsasaneffectivemotivatorisamyth;otherstrategiesaremorelikelytodeveloplong-termmotivation.Rewardsareasimplefixthatislikelytobackfire.12.HowdidSilcoffencourageherdaughtertoread?A.Withmoneyreward. B.WithlongerTVtime.C.Withfreenewbooks. D.Withwordsofpraise.13.WhatdidSilcoffimplyintheunderlinedwordsinparagraph2?A.Readingcantakeupmuchofyourtimeandenergy.B.Bookscanhelpprepareyouforaccidentsinyourlife.C.Readingcanbringsuddenrealizationorunderstanding.D.TVsandfilmscanprovideamoreinspiringexperience.14.RegardingSilcoff’smethod,theauthorexpressesconcernsover__________.A.itsmoralprinciple B.itsincreasingcostC.itssocialinfluence D.itslong-termeffectiveness15.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“decadesofresearch”?A.Tohighlightthatmotivationiscloselytiedtorewards.B.Toemphasizethatkidswillreadmoreunderpressure.C.Tosuggestthatpayingkidstoreadispotentiallyuseful.D.Tostressthatreadingshouldbesomethingkidschoosetodo.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一位热爱阅读的母亲MireilleSilcoff用现金奖励的办法试图激发女儿对阅读的热情，她的方法不仅反映了现代家庭中普遍存在的难题，也引发了关于如何有效培养孩子阅读习惯的深入思考。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据首段中的“InaNewYorkTimesessay,Silcoffrecountsherattemptstogetherdaughtertoread,whicheventuallyledhertooffera$100bribe.ShechoseJennyHan’sTheSummerITurnedPretty,abooktiedtoaTVseriesherdaughteralreadyloved.(在《纽约时报》的一篇文章中，西尔科夫讲述了她试图让女儿读书的经历，最终她给了女儿100美元的奖励。)”可知，Silcoff为了鼓励女儿阅读，提出了以100美元作为奖励的提议。故选A项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线句子前的“Silcoffrecognizesthatyoungpeopletodaydealwithstoriesdifferentlybutbelievesthatbooksofferauniqueexperience.(西尔科夫认识到，如今的年轻人看待故事的方式有所不同，但他相信书籍提供了一种独特的体验。)”可知，Silcoff相信书籍给读者提供了一种独特的体验，结合““Youknowwhenanauthorsumsupafeelingyoudidn’tevenknowyou’vehad,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?”(你知道，当一个作家总结出一种你甚至不知道自己曾经有过的感觉时，你的脑海里突然亮起了一百个灯泡吗？)”可知，在作者总结出一种甚至不知道自己曾经有过的感觉时，会感觉脑海里亮起来一百个灯泡，也就是通过阅读，读者突然理解了以前自己不知道的事情，这是书籍给读者提供的一种独特的体验，由此可知，划线句子表明她认为阅读能够带来突如其来的领悟或理解。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whilethemoneyrewardpersuadedherdaughtertoreadthebookintheshortterm,itwasunlikelytodevelopthemotivation(动力)toread,whichmustfeellikeachoiceandunpressured.(虽然金钱奖励让她的女儿在短期内读完了这本书，但不太可能培养读书的动机，因为读书必须是一种选择，而且没有压力。)”可知，作者认为通过奖励能在短时间内读完这本书，但是不能培养读书的动机，结合第四段中的“Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatpayingpeopletodothingstheyloveweakenstheirmotivationafterwards,andpayingthemtocompletetaskstheydonotenjoykeepsthemotivationtiedtorewardssothattheyarelesslikelytovaluetheactivityandchoosetoparticipateinitontheirown.(几十年的研究表明，付钱让人们做他们喜欢的事情会削弱他们之后的动力，付钱让他们完成他们不喜欢的任务会让动机与奖励联系在一起，这样他们就不太可能重视这项活动，选择自己参与其中。)”可知，尽管金钱奖励可能在短期内促使孩子阅读，但它可能不会培养出持久的阅读兴趣，作者引用了多年的研究成果来支持这一观点，表明他担心这种方法的长期效果。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatpayingpeopletodothingstheyloveweakenstheirmotivationafterwards,andpayingthemtocompletetaskstheydonotenjoykeepsthemotivationtiedtorewardssothattheyarelesslikelytovaluetheactivityandchoosetoparticipateinitontheirown.(几十年的研究表明，付钱让人们做他们喜欢的事情会削弱他们之后的动力，付钱让他们完成他们不喜欢的任务会让动机与奖励联系在一起，这样他们就不太可能重视这项活动，选择自己参与其中。)”可知，作者提到数十年的研究是为了强调，给予奖励可能会削弱个人对活动本身的内在兴趣，这意味着阅读应该是一种出于个人选择的行为，而非迫于外部压力的结果，所以提到数十年的研究是为了强调阅读应该是孩子们选择去做事情。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowYourBrainPlaysTricksonYouYourbrainiscapableofremarkablethings.Butyourmindisfarfromperfect.Sometimes,itforgetskeydetails,leadingyoutomakemistakes.____16____Yourmindlikestotakeshortcuts.Yourbraincangetlazy.Whentryingtosolveaproblemormakingadecision,yourmindoftenfallsbackonsolutionsthathaveworkedinthepast.Usingshortcutscanbeausefulapproachwhenitallowsyoutomakedecisionsquickly.____17____Forexample,planecrashesmakeyouterrifiedofflyingbecauseyourbrainisusingamentalshortcuttofoolyouintobelievingthatflyingismoredangerous.Inreality,travelingbyairismuchsaferthantravelingbycar.Yourthinkingischeatedbyhiddenbiases.Sometimesyoujudgeapersonunfairly.Forexample,ifacafeworkergetsyourorderwrong,youmightdecidethattheyareincompetent.Maybetheywerejustoverwhelmedbyorders.Thisiscalledattributionalbias(归因偏见).____18____Whenithappens,youseekoutinformationthatconfirmswhatyoualreadybelieve,butignoreanythingthatopposesyourbeliefs.Thesecognitivebiasescanpreventyoufromthinkingclearlyandmakingwisedecisions.Theycanevenaffecthowyouinteractwiththeworld.____19____Yourbrainishardtotakeineverydetail.Itcanbesurprisinglyeasytomissmajorchanges.Thisiscalledchangeblindness.Changeblindnessmightnotseemlikeahugeproblem,butresearchhasshownthatitcanhavemajorconsequences.Forexample,peoplewhocontrolairtrafficcanmakeseriouserrorsasaresultofchangeblindness.Driversarealsovulnerabletochangeblindness,whichcanleadtoaccidents.Yourbrainlikestoplaytheblamegame.____20____Intheprocess,wemisunderstandrealitytoprotectourself-esteem.Forexample:Whenyougotbadlysunburned,ratherthanacknowledgingthatyoudidn’treapplysunscreenasoftenasyoushouldhave,youdecidethatthesunscreenitselfmusthavebeenineffective.Ourbraindosotoprotectourself-esteemandguardusagainstthefearoffailure.A.Yourbraincanbeblindtochange.B.Whydoweengageintheblamegame?C.Anotherbiasthatyourbrainfallspreytoisconfirmationbias.D.However,youcanavoidsomemistakesbylearningmoreaboutit.E.Whensomethingbadhappens,yourbraintriestocomeupwithareasonforit.F.Butthesementalshortcutscanalsotripyouupandcauseyoutomakemistakes.G.Withsomuchhappeningintheworld,itcanbehardforthebraintotakeineverydetail.【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是大脑如何欺骗我们的几种情况，通过更多地对这些情况的了解来避免一些错误。【16题详解】根据上文的“Yourbrainiscapableofremarkablethings.Butyourmindisfarfromperfect.Sometimes,itforgetskeydetails,leadingyoutomakemistakes.(你的大脑有非凡的能力。但你的思维还远远不够完美。有时，它会忘记关键的细节，导致你犯错误)”可知，大脑是不完美的，有时会忘记关键细节导致你犯错，结合下文每段的主题句“Yourmindlikestotakeshortcuts(你的大脑喜欢走捷径)”以及“Yourthinkingischeatedbyhiddenbiases(你的想法被隐藏的偏见欺骗了)”和“Yourbrainlikestoplaytheblamegame(你的大脑喜欢推卸责任)”可知，下文中列举了几点大脑存在的一些问题，由此可知推断，此空应是承上启下的作用，D选项“However,youcanavoidsomemistakesbylearningmoreaboutit.(然而，你可以通过更多地了解它来避免一些错误)”中的however为解题关键信息，承接上文中的“大脑是不完美的”与且为转折关系，并且引出下文讲述的大脑存在的不完美的问题，符合语境。故选D项。【17题详解】根据上文的“Usingshortcutscanbeausefulapproachwhenitallowsyoutomakedecisionsquickly.(当你能快速做出决定时，使用捷径是一种有用的方法)”可知，在快速做决定时，走捷径是有用的方法，结合下文中的“Forexample,planecrashesmakeyouterrifiedofflyingbecauseyourbrainisusingamentalshortcuttofoolyouintobelievingthatflyingismoredangerous.(例如，飞机失事让你害怕坐飞机，因为你的大脑在使用一条心理捷径来欺骗你，让你相信坐飞机更危险)”可知，此处列举了走捷径可能导致的问题，由此可推断，此空与空前内容为转折关系，所以需要一个过渡句，从讲述走捷径的好处转述到走捷径产生的问题上来，F选项“Butthesementalshortcutscanalsotripyouupandcauseyoutomakemistakes.(但这些心理捷径也会让你陷入困境，导致你犯错误)”讲述的内容与空前内容为转折关系，且与空后列举的例子内容一致，且与本段的主题句“Yourmindlikestotakeshortcuts(你的大脑喜欢走捷径)”内容吻合。故选F项。【18题详解】根据空前的“Forexample,ifacafeworkergetsyourorderwrong,youmightdecidethattheyareincompetent.Maybetheywerejustoverwhelmedbyorders.Thisiscalledattributionalbias(归因偏见).(例如，如果一个服务员把你点的菜弄错了，你可能会认为他们不称职。也许他们只是被命令压得喘不过气来。这被称为归因偏见)”可知，此处通过举例说明其中的一种偏见类型，结合空后的“Whenithappens,youseekoutinformationthatconfirmswhatyoualreadybelieve,butignoreanythingthatopposesyourbeliefs.(当这种情况发生时，你会寻找证实你已经相信的信息，而忽略任何与你的信念相反的信息)”可知，此处讲述的内容与空前内容不一致，由此可推断，此空讲述的应是另外一种偏见的类型，C选项“Anotherbiasthatyourbrainfallspreytoisconfirmationbias.(大脑容易受到的另一种偏见是确认偏见)”讲述的是确认偏见，与空后陈述的内容一致，且与本段的小标题“Yourthinkingischeatedbyhiddenbiases(你的想法被隐藏的偏见欺骗了)”讲述的内容吻合。故选C项。【19题详解】分析语篇可知，此空作本段小标题，应对本段内容进行概括总结，结合下文“Yourbrainishardtotakeineverydetail.Itcanbesurprisinglyeasytomissmajorchanges.Thisiscalledchangeblindness.Changeblindnessmightnotseemlikeahugeproblem,butresearchhasshownthatitcanhavemajorconsequences.(你的大脑很难记住每一个细节。很容易就会错过重大的变化。这被称为变化盲视。变化盲视似乎不是一个大问题，但研究表明，它可能会产生严重后果)”可知，此处讲述的是变化盲视，A选项“Yourbraincanbeblindtochange.(你的大脑可能对变化视而不见)”概括了本段讲述的内容，适合作本段小标题。故选A项。【20题详解】根据本段的小标题“Yourbrainlikestoplaytheblamegame.(你的大脑喜欢推卸责任)”可知，本段讲述的是大脑喜欢推卸责任，E选项“Whensomethingbadhappens,yourbraintriestocomeupwithareasonforit.(当不好的事情发生时，你的大脑会试图想出一个原因)”讲述的内容是对本段主旨的进一步阐述，且与空后的“Intheprocess,wemisunderstandrealitytoprotectourself-esteem.(在这个过程中，我们为了保护自己的自尊而误解了现实)”讲述的内容吻合，其中的“Intheprocess”指的是该选项中讲述的内容，符合语境。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LifelineIwasheadeddowntownforameeting,soIgottheNo.2trainat96thStreet.Whenwepulledinto42ndStreet,____21____floodedin.Amongthemwasamiddle-agedwomanwhosteppedwitha(n)____22____ofconfidence.Sheworeanorangeshirt,alonglightyellowskirt,andwhitehighheels.Onherwaytoabusinessmeeting,Ithought.Iwatchedher____23____foraseat,onlytoendupinfrontofme.Whensherealizedwewere____24____eachother,shemovedpastme.Atthat____25____moment,thetrainsuddenlybegantospeed.Itriedtograbthebarabovemyheadbut____26____it.AsIfeltmyselffallingbackward,Inoticedthatthewomanintheorangeshirtwaslosingher____27____aswellandsearchingforsomethingtoholdonto.Herarmsdidsomewindmills,andmyrighthandnaturallyreachedouttoherslikea____28____throwninastormysea.Shegrabbedit____29____.Whilethetrainracedon,weheldeachother’sarmtokeepourbalanceina(n)_____30_____fashion.Ismiledather,andshe_____31_____back.Icouldfeelherpulse(脉搏)inhergrasp.Weremainedlikethat_____32_____thenextstop,justlikeacouple.Whenthespeednolonger_____33_____toknockusoverandthepassengershad_____34_____aroundthedoor,ourhandspartedinsilentagreement.Thedooropened,andshedisappeared,leavingmewiththereminderthateveninthechaos(混乱)oflife,human_____35_____canshinethroughinthemostunexpectedways.21.A.researchers B.riders C.engineers D.drivers22.A.lack B.property C.air D.a