英语句子成分结构分析

英语句子成分

英语句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语＋谓语 Shecame．主语＋谓语＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋表语 Sheishappy．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语（宾补）Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.英语句子成分主语（subject)谓语（predicate)表语（predicative)宾语（object)宾语补足语（宾语补语\宾语）（complement)定语（attributive)状语（adverbial)修饰成分，不是句子的必要构成。1.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）

Helikesdancing.（代词）

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)

Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）

Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）

Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.

Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.

（名词）

Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）

Heisasleep.

（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）

Thepictureisonthewall.

(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容词化的分词）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）……Itsoundsagoodidea.

Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.

Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.

Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.

NowIfeeltired.(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：IlikeChina.（名词）

Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegaveme

abookyesterday.

Givethepoorman

somemoney(四)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

hishomework

②English

③yourpronunciation

④newwords

⑤togoswimming5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名词）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）

I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room

②totaketheboyoutofschool

③Lily

④getonthebus

⑤playingfootballontheplayground

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）(六)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.andMrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.7.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.

Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.

HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.

Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.

(七)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.

①ontheface

②Everynight

③whenhewaseleven

④fast

⑤off一、句型1：

Subject(主语)＋

Verb(谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。

1)LiMingworksveryhard.2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.

3）Springiscoming.

4)Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.

二、句型2：Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。如：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。

1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.。

2)Helookedworriedjustnow.(2)表示变化。如：become,turn,get,grow,go等。

1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.

2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.三、句型3：Subject(主语)＋

Verb(谓语)＋

Object(宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1)Hetookhisbagandleft.2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties

3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.

4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.

注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

四、句型4：

Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋

Indirectobject(间接宾语)＋Directobject(直接宾语)

这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。

1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.五、句型5：

Subject(主语)＋Verb(动词)＋Object(宾语)＋Complement(补语)

“宾语

＋

补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完