专题22破解高考阅读之主旨大意事实细节题

►专题22破解高考阅读之主旨大意、事实细节题_________________________________________________________________________________________考点精考点精讲【考情链接】上海高考英语关于阅读理解要求考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。【要点梳理】要点一：高考阅读理解之主旨大意题一、文章大意题每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。【典例剖析】（2023静安一模）Itmayeasasurprisethat,inbuyingapie,youmightbeparticipatinginacarefullydesignedsocialscienceexperiment.Butthisiswhatonlineparisonshoppinghasbrought.Simplyput,theconveniencetoknowthepriceofanything,anytime,anywhere,hasgivenus,theconsumers,somuchpowerthatsellers—inadesperateefforttoregaintheupperhand,oratleastavoidextinction—arenowstaringbackthroughthescreen.Theyaretryingto“parisonshopping”us.“IntheInternetera,Idon’tthinkanyonecouldhavepredictedhowplicatedthesestrategieshavebee,”saysRobertDolan,aprofessoratHarvard.Thepriceofacanofsodainavendingmachinecannowvarywiththetemperatureoutside.Thepriceoftheheadphonesmaydependonhowbudgetconsciousyourwebhistoryshowsyoutobe.Thepricemayevenbeaffectedbythepriceofthemobilephoneyouuseforitemsearch.Forshoppers,thatmeansprice—nottheoneofferedtoyourightnow,buttheoneofferedtoyou20minutesfromnow,ortheoneofferedtome,ortoyourneighbor—maybeeanincreasinglyunknowablething.“Thereusedtobeonepriceforsomething,”Dolannotes.Nowthetruepriceofpumpkinpiespiceissubjecttoalevelofuncertainty.46.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesofonlineshoppingovertraditionalshopping.B.Measuressellerstaketomaximizeprofits.C.Theanalysisofpricingmechanism.D.ThebattlebetweenbuyersandsellersinInternetage.【答案】46.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在网络时代，因为受到很多因素的影响，物品的价格不再是一成不变的了，文章对定价机制进行了分析【46题详解】文章主旨大意题。根据第二段“Itmayeasasurprisethat,inbuyingapie,youmightbeparticipatinginacarefullydesignedsocialscienceexperiment.Butthisiswhatonlineparisonshoppinghasbrought.(买馅饼时，你可能会参加一个精心设计的社会科学实验，这可能会让人感到惊讶。但这就是网上比价购物所带来的。)”和最后一段““IntheInternetera,Idon’tthinkanyonecouldhavepredictedhowplicatedthesestrategieshavebee,”saysRobertDolan,aprofessoratHarvard.(哈佛大学教授罗伯特·多兰表示：“在互联网时代，我认为没有人能够预测这些策略会变得多么复杂。”。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述在网络时代，因为受到很多因素的影响，物品的价格不再是一成不变的了，文章对定价机制进行了分析。故选C。二、标题归纳题标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。【典例剖析】（2023虹口一模）Muchlikebeauty,artisintheeyeofthebeholder.Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightintoourpersonality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoartpreferencesdatebacktothe1930s—mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislikedifferentpaintings.Researchshowsthataperson’sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertainpersonalitytraitsthantosocialclass,age,orgender.Inparticular,apersonalitytraitcalled“openness”isthebestpredictorofwhetherindividualsareinterestedinart.Ontheotherside,thosewhoidentifyas“conscientious(一丝不苟的)”,areoftenlessdrawntothearts.ThesetraitsarepartoftheBigFive,awidelyacceptedpersonalitytheorybasedonnearlyacenturyofresearch.46.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Whatdoesyourtasteinartsayaboutyou?B.Howtorevealone’spersonalitytraits?C.Whydoweliketheartworkwelike?D.Howtodiscoveryourartpreference?【答案】46.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究表明，一个人对艺术的兴趣与某些个性特征的关系更大，而不是与社会阶层、年龄或性别的关系。【46题详解】主旨大意题（标题归纳）。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightintoourpersonality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoartpreferencesdatebacktothe1930s—mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislikedifferentpaintings.Researchshowsthataperson’sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertainpersonalitytraitsthantosocialclass,age,orgender.(吸引我们的艺术作品可以洞察我们的个性，比如我们是太快还是太慢，冷静还是情绪化。关于艺术偏好的研究可以追溯到20世纪30年代，大多数研究都是调查人们对不同绘画作品的喜欢或不喜欢程度。研究表明，一个人对艺术的兴趣与某些个性特征的关系更大，而不是与社会阶层、年龄或性别的关系。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究表明，一个人对艺术的兴趣与某些个性特征的关系更大，而不是与社会阶层、年龄或性别的关系，因此最好的题目是A选项“Whatdoesyourtasteinartsayaboutyou?(你的艺术品味说明了关于你的什么？)”，故选A。【典例剖析】（2023宝山一模）Whendisasterstrikesamunity,itisoftencriticalthatassistancebeprovidedrightaway.Thebestfirstrespondersarethepeoplewhocallthatareahome.ThemunityEmergencyResponseTeam(CERT)programteachescivilianshowtopreparethemselvesfordangersthatmightaffecttheirmunities.Teamsofvolunteersaretrainedinbasicskillssuchasfiresafetyandprevention,searchandrescue,andfirstaid.Aftertraining,thesevolunteerscanbegintoprovideimmediateassistanceintheconsequenceofdisastersbeforeprofessionalrescuersarrive.46.Whatwouldbethepropertitleforthepassage?A.CERTandprofessionalrescueteamsareimportantB.CERTisafolkbuthelpfulorganizationinAmericaC.OrdinarypeoplecansavelivesinanaturaldisasterD.Volunteerscaneffectivelypreventanaturaldisaster【答案】46.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社区应急响应小组（CERT）项目教平民如何为可能影响他们社区的危险做好准备。说明了CERT团队可以对社区产生巨大的影响，介绍了其积极作用以及人们对其的看法。【46题详解】主旨大意题（标题归纳）。。根据第一段中“ThemunityEmergencyResponseTeam(CERT)programteachescivilianshowtopreparethemselvesfordangersthatmightaffecttheirmunities.Teamsofvolunteersaretrainedinbasicskillssuchasfiresafetyandprevention,searchandrescue,andfirstaid.Aftertraining,thesevolunteerscanbegintoprovideimmediateassistanceintheconsequenceofdisastersbeforeprofessionalrescuersarrive.(社区应急响应小组（CERT）项目教平民如何为可能影响他们社区的危险做好准备。志愿者队伍接受消防安全和预防、搜索和救援以及急救等基本技能的培训。经过培训，这些志愿者可以在专业救援人员到达之前，在灾难发生后立即提供援助)”结合文章说明了CERT团队可以对社区产生巨大的影响，介绍了其积极作用以及人们对其的看法。可知，故C选项“普通人也能在自然灾害中拯救生命”最符合文章标题。故选C。三、段落大意题每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。【典例剖析】（2022杨浦二模）Parents,teachersandcaregivershavelongsuspectedthemagicofstorytellingtocalmkids.Researchershavenowquantifiedthebiologicalandemotionalbenefitsofawelltoldtale.“Weknowthatnarrativehasthepowertotransportustoanotherworld,”saysGuilhermeBrockingtonfromBrazil’sFederalUniversity.“Earlierresearchsuggestedthatstorieshelpchildrenprocessandregulatetheiremotions—butthiswasmostlyconductedinalaboratory,withsubjectsansweringquestionswhilelyinginsidefunctionalMRImachines.Therearefewstudiesonbiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsofstorytellinginamoremonplacehospitalsetting.”63.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theeffectsofstorytellingonchildren.B.Thelimitationsoftheearlierresearch.C.Themethodsusedinearlierstudies.D.Themajorbreakthroughsachievedsofar.【答案】63.B【解析】本文是说明文，主要讲的是研究人员现在已经量化了一个讲得好的故事在生理和情感上的好处。【63题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Earlierresearchsuggestedthatstorieshelpchildrenprocessandregulatetheiremotions—butthiswasmostlyconductedinalaboratory,withsubjectsansweringquestionswhilelyinginsidefunctionalMRImachines.Therearefewstudiesonbiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsofstorytellinginamoremonplacehospitalsetting.(早些时候的研究表明，故事有助于儿童处理和调节他们的情绪——但这主要是在实验室中进行的，受试者躺在功能性核磁共振成像仪里回答问题。很少有关于在更常见的医院环境中讲故事对生物和心理影响的研究。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是早期研究的局限性。故选B。【典例剖析】（2022奉贤二模）ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonnaandchildimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive—andnewlysingle—momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormomtobe,smilingonthenewsstands.64.Paragraph2isintendedtoshowthat________.A.celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.B.singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.C.newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.D.havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.【答案】64.D【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是抚养孩子和幸福的关系。【64题详解】段落大意题。根据第二段的“ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonnaandchildimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormomtobe,smilingonthenewsstands.(在杂志封面上，一位迷人的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿，这并不是本周报摊上唯一一张麦当娜和孩子的照片。此外，还有关于刚当上养母和单身母亲的桑德拉·布洛克的故事，以及常见的“詹妮弗·安妮斯顿怀孕了”的新闻。实际上，每周至少有一位明星妈妈或准妈妈在报摊上微笑。)”可知，本段主要展示的是公众非常重视生孩子。故选D。四、写作意图题一般来说，写作意图题也是主旨大意题的一种(也有人把它归为推理判断题)，写作目的可以是段落的写作目的，也可以是文章的写作目的，对于文章写作目的而言，主要有以下几种：广告 推销某种产品或某种服务，或是通过影片、图书、电视节目、旅游景点等的介绍以吸引更多的观众、读者或游客等说明文 向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程议论文 论述一个道理或表达一个观点记叙文 向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达情感等【典例剖析】（2023崇明一模）ThewateroffthecoastofnorthwestGreenlandisaglasslikecalm,butthepuddles(水坑)ontheregion’sicebergsareasignthatatransformationisunderwayhigherontheicesheet.SeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthernGreenlandhavecausedrapidmelting,madevisiblebytheriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshavebeenrunningaround60degreesFahrenheit—10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.63.Thepassageismainlywrittento________.A.alertpeopletotherapidmeltingofGreenland’sicesheetB.arousepeople’sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironmentC.informpeopleofthelargeamountoficeGreenlandholdsD.revealtopeoplethecauseandeffectoftheriseinsealevel【答案】63.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了格陵兰冰盖的快速融化现象，说明地球正在变暖。【63题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“SeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthernGreenlandhavecausedrapidmelting,madevisiblebytheriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshavebeenrunningaround60degreesFahrenheit—10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.(格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致了冰川的快速融化，融化的水涌入海洋。科学家表示，今年这个时候的气温一直在华氏60度左右，比正常温度高10度。)”可知，这篇文章主要是为了提醒人们注意格陵兰冰盖的快速融化，地球正在变暖。故选A项。要点二：高考阅读理解之事实细节题1．直接信息题——题干定位法解答细节理解的直接信息题时，由于题目普遍较容易，不必通篇细读全文，一般是先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，找出相关的句子，得出正确答案。【典例剖析】(2023徐汇一模)HebeggedhismotherformonthsforaguitarsothathecouldplayBlackEyedPeassongstoAngie,agirlheliked,butafterhefinallygotoneforChristmas,hefoundoutthatguitarsdon’tplaythemselves.Hetookafewlessons,butthestringshurthisfingersandhedidn’tlikeholdingthepick,sonowthefivehundreddollarguitarlivesunderhisbed.36.WhydidJacobstopplayingtheguitar?A.Ithurthisfingers. B.He’dratherplaydrums.C.Itwastooexpensive. D.Hebecameinterestedinicbooks.【答案】36.A【解析】【36题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Hetookafewlessons,butthestringshurthisfingersandhedidn’tlikeholdingthepick,sonowthefivehundreddollarguitarlivesunderhisbed.(他上了几节课，但琴弦伤了他的手指，他不喜欢拿着拨片，所以现在这把价值500美元的吉他放在他的床底下。)”可知，雅各布学吉他时琴弦伤了他的手指，所以他放弃学吉他了。故选A。2．间接信息题——断章取义法考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思。【典例剖析】（2023松江一模）Iknewthatmymotherhadbeenatalentedpianist.Ivaguelyrecalleddancingunderthepianowhenshepracticedforhourseveryday.Nowshecouldbarelyplayforourchurchchoirbecauseherfingersweregnarledfromsomanydaysspentcleaningotherpeople’shomes.57.Whatdoyouknowaboutthemotheraccordingtothearticle?A.Sheregrettedbeingacleaningwoman.B.Shequitherhobbytosupportthefamily.C.Sherefusedthedaughter’srequestduetothetightbudget.【答案】57.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Iknewthatmymotherhadbeenatalentedpianist.Ivaguelyrecalleddancingunderthepianowhenshepracticedforhourseveryday.Nowshecouldbarelyplayforourchurchchoirbecauseherfingersweregnarledfromsomanydaysspentcleaningotherpeople’shomes.(我知道我的母亲是一位有天赋的钢琴家。我依稀记得她每天练习几个小时，而我随着曲子跳舞。现在她几乎不能为我们教堂的唱诗班演奏了，因为她的手指因为长时间打扫别人的房子而变得粗糙)”可知，作者的妈妈为了养家糊口而放弃了自己的爱好。故选B。3．数据题、排序题——查读分析法数据题多考查时间、金钱、年龄、人或物的数量等，其选项均与数据有关。如果题干直接引用原文词语或转述原文某个句子，我们可采用直接查阅法，在材料中直接查找题干中的关键信息，然后去计算或匹配相应的数据。排序题是一种将多项事实进行排序的细节理解题，要求考生根据事件或动作发生的先后顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件或事物发展变化的正确顺序。解题时可按照事件发展或说明事物的逻辑顺序、不同空间或不同时间背景进行排序。【典例剖析】（2022宝山二模）Haveyouevertriedanescaperoom?IfirstexperiencedoneinMontana,U.S.A.withmywife,Pauline.Wewenttoonetocelebrateherfather’sbirthday.Herentirefamilylovesgamesandpuzzles,sotryinganescaperoomwasaperfectactivityforus.Theroom’sthemewas“themissingscientist.”Weplayedtheroleofinvestigatingdetectives.Weenteredtheroomanddiscoveredwewere“trapped.”Wethenhadonly60minutestoescapebeforetheroom“exploded.”....PaulineandInowliveinTaipei.Wetriedourfirstescaperoomhereoverayearago.Itwassuchanamazingexperiencethatwedidtwomorealmostimmediatelyafterward.WehavebeepletelyhookedonTaipei’sescaperooms.61.Specifically,howmanytimeshadthewriterandhiswifeexperiencedescaperoomsmentionedinthepassage?A.1. B.2. C.3. D.4.【答案】61.D【解析】【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“IfirstexperiencedoneinMontana,U.S.A.withmywife,Pauline.(我第一次玩密室逃脱是和我的老婆波琳在美国蒙大拿州玩的。)”以及第三段的“PaulineandInowliveinTaipei.Wetriedourfirstescaperoomhereoverayearago.Itwassuchanamazingexperiencethatwedidtwomorealmostimmediatelyafterward.(波琳和我现在生活在台北。一年前我们在这里玩了我们的第一次密室逃脱游戏。这是一次如此奇妙的经历以至于之后我们又玩了两次。)”可知，作者在美国玩了1次，然后在台北玩了3次，因此总共玩了4次。故选D。【典例剖析】TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuideDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensHistory,Culture&Landscape.Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedandawardwinninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.Open:

29Mar29Oct,SuntoThurs.

Tearoom,Gardens&GiftShop:

10.3017.00(16.00inOct).

House:

11.1516.00(15.00inOct).Town:

PooleyBridge&Penrith...21.WhenistheHouseatDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensopenonSundaysinJuly?A.09.3017.30.

B.10.3016.00.C.11.1516.00.

D.12.0016.30.【答案】21.C【解析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了英格兰湖区的四个景点的概况、开放时间和所在的城镇。21.

根据题干中的关键词House、DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens、open、July，我们可将答案定位到DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens部分中的House:

11.1516.00(15.00inOct)。通过直接查阅可锁定答案为C项。【典例剖析】Abuildityourselfsolarstill(

蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable....Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45degreeangledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup....34.

Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.【答案】34.C【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何自制太阳能蒸馏器以便在野外获取饮用水。34.根据题干中的关键词laststep和constructingaworkingsolarstill可将答案定位到第二、三段。由本部分内容可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置的步骤如下：①Digaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep;

②Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole;

③Laythetubeinplace;

④Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet;

⑤Weightthesheet'scenterdownwitharock。由此可知，制作一个能正常运转的蒸馏器装置的最后一步是用石块将塑料薄膜的中心位置压下去，故选C项。_____优选操优选操练【真题回顾】【例1】You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore­examinetheirrelationshiptosingle­useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse，”apairof10­foot­tallplasticwaves,frozenmid­crash.Madeof168，000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlyeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic，”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10，000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigpaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB．MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC．ResponsibilityDemandedofBigpaniesD．OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures【答案】D【解析】标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了艺术家BenjaminVonWong(本杰明·冯·王)用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑以期望唤起人们对环保问题的关注的事迹，因此D项(海洋塑料变雕塑)适合作文章标题。故选D。【例2】Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother­in­law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree­storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse，”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother­in­law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIremendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325，000in2001to419，000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremoremon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25­34­year­oldslivewiththeirparents,paredwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremoremoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhentheygetmarried.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B．Conflictsbetweengenerations.C．AhousingprobleminBritain. D．ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着孤独的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。由此可知，文章主要讲述了聚居在英国是一种呈上升趋势的生活方式。故选D。【例3】Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion­capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic­lookingape.25．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B．Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C．Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D．Theperformanceofrealapes.【答案】B【解析】段落大意题。根据本段第一句可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术来创造数字化动物，在记录演员表演和后期加工处理上花费了上千万美元，最后创造出了猿的图像。由此可知，本段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B。【例4】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性别）are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbeediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalmunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusesefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck【解析】主旨大意题。A项（天才的想法相同）文章没有涉及；C项（天才和智力）只是文章的一个细节不能作为文章的主旨；D项（天才和运气）也只是在文章的最后稍微提起，也只是文章的一个小细节。根据文章的最后一句Asawritersays,futuregeniusesefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有"智慧、创造力和毅力"的人和简单的好运，那些能改变世界的人。纵观全文可知，天成具有多样性，故选B项。【例5】IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemroundtheclockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarrivingbutallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.4.Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?A.Toensuretheirsurvival. B.Toobservetheirdifferences.C.Toteachthemlifeskills. D.Toletthemplaywithhiskids.【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemroundtheclockcareathome.(在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。【例6】AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalowtechapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.SalahSukkarieh,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenareaging.Heisbuildingafourwheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensorstomonitortheanimals.Aputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags(标签)ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshape,colorandtexture(质地)ofgrass.Thatway,cattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattletoanotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.Machineshavelargelytakenoverplanting,wateringandharvestingcropssuchasandwheat,butthemonitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.ForTexascattlemanPeteBonds,it'sincreasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustryandfailedattemptstousetechnologyhaveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bonds,whoboughthisfirstcattlealmost50yearsago,stillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatananimalisgettingsick.Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelseyParis,vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen'sAssociation,saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptinremoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen,makingthemappealingtargets.12.Whatisaproblemwiththecattleraisingindustry?A.Soilpollution. B.Lackofworkers.C.Agingmachines. D.Lowprofitability.13.WhatwillSukkarieh'srobotbeabletodo?A.Monitorthequalityofgrass. B.Curethediseasedcattle.C.Movecattletoanotherfield. D.Predictweatherchanges.14.WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?A.Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving.B.Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.C.Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots.D.Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.15.HowmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchingaccordingtoMichaelKelsey?A.Increasethevalueofcattle. B.Bringdownthecostoflabor.C.Makethejobmoreappealing. D.Keepcattlefrombeingstolen.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalowtechapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshape,colorandtexture(质地)ofgrass.（通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustryandfailedattemptstousetechnologyhaveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithaman