2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析

2024年6月高校英语六级考试真题

organizedonSept.8th,2024

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Dirtclions：Forthispari,youareidlowed30niinuleslowriteacuniposiliononthetopicTheImpact

oftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast15()wordsbutnomore

than200words.

TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthe

questionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

markedA)^B)、C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgivenin

thepassage.

TheThree-YearSolution

HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makes

thisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,

andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear'stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecolleges

aremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That'sbothan

opportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.

TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld'sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks

35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.Ourresearchuniversitieshave

beenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofallthe

world'swealth.In2024,623,805oftheworld'sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmerican

universities.

Yet,therearesignsofperi.(危急)wilhinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshaveto

competeinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,

orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthefederal

governmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcompetitively.

Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthe

fall-to-springuschoolyear"hasn'tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwe

wereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversitypresident

StephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittle

morethanhalfthecalendaryear."Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogenerate

maintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,hehaswritten.

Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(终身职位)，combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,

makesfacultyturnover——criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes——difficult.

Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystem

oftenstifles（压制）them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfor

tenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.

Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.

Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,

studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudents

nowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsas

studentsinterruptedhywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootball

seasonfindithardtograduate.

CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsof

tuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.Thestackofcongressional

regulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandIoansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingout

theseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.

Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthings

andquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoes

ithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-year

studentsatHartwickenrolledintheschooPsnewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothe

college,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyorto

movealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.

Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking

30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduring

whichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternational

sites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem一andpayextra.Threeyear

studentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcourses

professorsIcauliorinlliuirpay.

Thethree-yeardegreeisn'tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,

a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Students

attend“shortterms”inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredfbrgraduation.BatesCollegein

MaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.

Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearn

theirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvanced

Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenure

system一oralloftheabove一universitiesarcslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevant

theymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.

Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanasking

Congressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudents

evenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmore

focused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,

motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsof

success.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?

A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.

B)Tocutstudents'expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.

2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.

A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange

B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth

C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse

D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring

3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.

A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedom

B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination

4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?

A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.

B)Non-crcdilcoursesarccliniiiialcdaltogether.

C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.

D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.

5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege'sthree-yeardegreeprogram?

A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.

B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.

C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.

D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.

6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears?

A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents?needs.

B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.

C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.

D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.

7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?

A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.

B)Studentsdon'thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.

C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.

D)Studentsdon'thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.

S.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce

mightposeathreatto.

9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorder

to.

10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemore

attractiveto.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheend

ofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththe

conversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewill

beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),

anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

留意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.

11.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.

B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.

C)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.

D)Thedoctor'stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.

12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.

B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.

C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.

D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister's.

13.A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway.

B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.

C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.

D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself.

14.A)Takeupcollectionnextweek.

R)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.

C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.

D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.

15.A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.

B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.

C)TellTony'smotherthatshecatsnomeat.

D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.

16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate.

B)Theimpactofmassmedia.

C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.

D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.

17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.

B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveicgislciud.

C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.

D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.

18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.

B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus.

C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.

D)On-campushousingishardtosecure.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.

B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.

C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.

D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.

20.A)Producetheappropriatesound.

B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.

C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.

D)Swimstraightintothesametank.

21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.

B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.

C)Rothdolphinswereputinthesametank.

D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins'reach.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Inabotanicalgarden.

B)Inalectureroom.

C)Inaresorttown.

D)Onacattlefarm.

23.A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.

B)Itisatthecentreofthefashionindustry.

C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.

D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes.

24.A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays.

B)Ilislucalcdin(hecablcrupartofHanogalc.

C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.

D)Itwillbeusedasacentreforathletictraining.

25.A)Thebeautifulflowers.

B)Therefreshingair.

C)Themineralwaters.

D)Ihevastgrassland.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhear

somequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passageone

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)

B)

C)

D)Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationship.

27.A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests.

B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores.

C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.

D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes.

28.A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester.

B)Theyweremoreappreciativeoftheuniversity'shousingpolicy.

C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.

D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates.

29.A)Theirracialattitudesimproved.

B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.

C)Theygrewboredofeachother.

D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities.

PassageIwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.

B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.

C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.

D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises.

31.A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.

B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.

C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.

D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.

32.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.

B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve.

C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.

D)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood.

B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.

C)Heisahabitualcriminal.

D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned.

34.A)Thejury'sprejudiceagainsthisrace.

B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene.

C)Thetwovictims,identification.

D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends.

35.A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement.

B)Frightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification.

C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer'squestions.

D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.

SECTIONB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthe

firstlime,youshouldlistencarefullyJuritsgeneralidea.When(hepassageisreadfur(hesecund

time,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhave

justheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.For

theseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpoints

inyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyou

havewritten.

留意：此部分的试题请在答题卡2上作答。

About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-strickenfamilies

pushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlya(36)improvement

inthedrop-outratein2024,atopeducation(37)said.

Mexico'seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)an

estimated7percentduetoa(39)inU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars.

The(40)ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)or

middleschoolin2024,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42)thenation'sadulteducation

programandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrales.

“(43)roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult."CastrotoldReuters

inaninterviewearlierthismonth.

(44)_____________________________________________________________________________

.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.

uTherewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,"Castrosaid.

(45)_____________________________________________________________________________

.Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorwordin

restaurants.

(46)_____________________________________________________________________________

.Mexico'spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry'stax,energy

andlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountriessuchasBrazilandChile.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Read

thepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossible

words.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Infaceofglobalwanning,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissions

throughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedon

findingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindand

solarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.

Inthemeantime,theamountofCO?intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbythe

IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongaswe'reconsumingfossilfuels,

we'reputtingoutCO2,"saysKlausLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University”Wecannotlet

theCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely.”

ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsays

couldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.

“Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducingemissions,says

KimCorley,Shell'ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategy

isgainingsupport.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew

$2.4billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant'scarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasa

pilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.

Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou'vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.

DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2alaplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnatural

gas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoil

recoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheir

greenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables.

However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-term

storage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean.Shellfavors

storingCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchas(盐的)formationsandexhaustedoilandgas

fieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47.WhalarcsuggestedasrenewableandIcss-pullulingenergyallunialivcs?

48.WhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO?

emissions?

49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand.

50.ThroughusingCO2.Dutchfarmershavebeenableto..

51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshould

decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-sellinggenerallyproducesthebest

results.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmore

efficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.

What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsof

goal-setting.

Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupand

downbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthe

long-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecunenteconomiccrisis,and

unethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral.

“Goalsarcwidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesame

motivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeople

tobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviorsJsaysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessor

atPenn'sWhartonSchool.

“Itturnsoutthere'snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal-youjustgetapsychological

benefit'Schweitzersays."Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakeihemmore

powerful.”

AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2024collapseofenergy-trading

giaiilEnron,whereuicinageisusedfinancialiiiuenlivesloinulivalesalesinenlomeetspecificrevenue

goals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemto

lie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsauto

repairstaff.Ilpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsona

companywidebasis.

Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscounterloaver>largebodyofliteraturethatcommends

themanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam'suseof

suchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed

Inarebuttal(反对)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.

Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethanan

individualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.M

ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence,,linkinggoal-settingandharmful

behaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.4fcEven

afewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,hesays.

“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwith

carefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingto

heconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganizati00,^Schweitzersays.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?

A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.

B)Thegoalincreasepeople'sworkefficiency.

C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.

D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.

53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?

A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.

B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.

C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.

D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.

54.HowdidSears'goal-sellingaffectilsemployees?

A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.

B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.

C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.

D)Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.

55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer^research?

A)itsfindingsarcnotofmuchpracticalvalue.

B)Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-selling.

C)Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.

D)Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.

56.WhatisSchweitzer'scontentionagainstEdwinLocke?

A)Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy.

B)Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.

C)Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.

D)Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovating

WestNowthequestionmustbereversedWhatcantheWest'soverlyindebtedandsh/ggish(经济

:带长的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Justafewdecadesago,Asia'stwogiantswere(停滞不前)underfaultyeconomic

ideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedby

Indiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,

theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomist

AmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,"Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthe

visiblehandofgovernment.”

Contrastthismiddlepathv/ithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologically

over-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtothe

ideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernment---followingRonald

Regan'sideathat^governmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem."Of

course,whentheniarkelscamecrashingdownin2024,itwasdecisivegovenmieiiLinlerveiiliouLhciL

savedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“biggovernment.^^

IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantigovernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegin

toseethattheAmerica'sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthe

countrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof.say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethe

country'shugegovernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.Asmallgasolinetaxwouldhelp

freeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.

Inthesameway,asignificantreduclionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.

Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputaside

theirownattachmenttotheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.Americanpoliticianswill

havetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools:thatthere

aregoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asiancountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsound

10ng・ter