高中三年级上学期英语高考英语阅读理解之推理判断题课件

高考阅读理解推理判断题

高考阅读解题技巧LearningobjectivesIn

this

class

you

will

:1.know

thefourtypesofquestionsofinferenceinReading.2.mastertheskillstodealwiththequestionsofinferencebylearningabouttheexamples.高考阅读解题技巧近3年全国卷考情分析全国卷推理判断题题量统计

年份卷别202120202019新高考卷Ⅰ54/全国卷Ⅰ(乙卷)654全国卷Ⅱ(甲卷)735全国卷Ⅲ/45推理判断题主要考查对文章中隐含或深层含义的理解能力。要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索做出合乎逻辑的推断，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。推理判断能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。高考中,每年每套题通常会有4～6题。高考阅读解题技巧阅读理解推理判断题推断隐含意义题推断写作意图题推断文章出处或读者对象题推断观点态度题推断题的四种类型高考阅读解题技巧以文中信息为依据

注意推断隐含意义要求

推断言外之意或弦外之音题干常含infer(推断),suggest,imply，indicate常有can,could,probably,likely等抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理整合全文(段)信息进行推断切忌主观臆断，做到推断有理，判断有据高考阅读解题技巧推断隐含意义类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：◆Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________．◆Itcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraphthat...◆Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/implies

that________．◆Whatcanweinferabout...？◆Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？◆Whatdoesthe...paragraphimply？高考阅读解题技巧推断隐含意思一找将题干中的about或from之后的内容或infer后that从句的主语作为定位词,找到答案依据四比比较各选项，确定答案二理理解信息句的字面意思三推依据字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断揣摩推敲法

干扰项特征

黑白颠倒与文中所述事实相反简单重复仅为文中信息的简单重复，而非推断的结论无中生有文中无信息支撑推理过度推得不合情理张冠李戴利用文中词语迷惑考生高考阅读解题技巧2020年全国Ⅱ卷·31

Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It'sformal.

B.It'srisky.

C.It'sharmful.

D.It'straditional.

点拨：由infer可知为推断题。一找(依据)：由题干中的Morgan可定位至本段第二句。二理(解字面意思)：模特佩奇·摩根说：“给人们一个无负罪感的选择，让他们可以穿着(由动物毛皮制成的衣物)而不被人泼油漆——我认为这是一件大事，至少在纽约是这样。”三推(断或判断)：根据摩根的说法,在纽约穿着由动物毛皮制成的衣物会被泼油漆，由此可推断：在纽约穿动物毛皮制成的衣物是有风险的。四比(较各选项):“正式的”“有风险的”“有害的”“传统的”。B高考阅读解题技巧

2020年全国Ⅲ卷·27

Insomecases,it'snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it'stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated. B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.Theycouldbetradedillegally.D.Theywouldlosepopularity.点拨：一找：由题干中的thelastparagraph可定位最后一段。二理：在某种情况下，让动物保护支持者们非常担忧的不是在拍摄现场对待动物的方式，而是在不合常规的训练和它们的生活条件。三推：动物们可能遭受虐待。四比“它们可能会受到虐待”“它们应该接受进一步的训练”“它们可能被非法交易”“它们会失去人气”。故选A。A高考阅读解题技巧推断写作意图主旨推断法

根据文章或段落主旨推断作者的写作目的

写作手法推断法开篇提问让读者关注主题(todrawattention/tointroduce/tobringinthetopic)讲述相关之事引出主题或提供背景(tobringin/tointroducethetopic)举例、引语或数据证明某一观点或说明某个主题(tosupport/toshow)题干

常含purpose,intention,inorderto等

文体推断法高考阅读解题技巧◆Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext？◆Whatisthepurpose/intentionoftheauthorinwritingthispassage？◆Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage？◆Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto...◆Whydoestheauthormention...？推断写作意图类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：高考阅读解题技巧推断写作意图文体推断法toattractvisitors/tosellaproduct/topromote(推销)...推销产品或服务,吸引顾客、游客、订户等；鼓励捐赠等广告类应用文讲述故事或分享经历,愉悦读者,或表达作者之情感，感悟或启示totellastory/toshareanexperience/toentertainreaders

记叙文介绍某一事物或解释某一现象tointroduce/explain/inform...说明文说服读者接受某一观点或提倡某种做法toprove/analyze/show/argue议论文新闻报道类toinform/report...高考阅读解题技巧2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷·11Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan…Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty…MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturaerneyes…高考阅读解题技巧Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.A点拨：通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了汤姆·比斯尔写的书，包括这本书的写作背景、主要内容、特点及对书目的评价等。由此可知,本文的写作目的是介绍一本书，故选A项。

ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthat…Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback…Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.点拨：本文是记叙文，要在理解其内容的基础上去推断作者的写作目的。第一段写作者与Paul初相识，第二段和第三段讲建立长久友谊的原因，第四段谈Paul病逝前作者看望Paul时的情景，全文都是讲作者与Paul的友谊的，关键词是第二段首句中的friendship,可见作者写这篇文章是为了纪念一个朋友，故选B。B高考阅读解题技巧2017年全国Ⅱ卷·27

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.…“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheuniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto________.A.testthereadersknowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem点拨：作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题(todrawthereaders’attentiontothetopic/toserveasanintroductiontothediscussion),故选B。B高考阅读解题技巧根据文章内容和文体的结构特征来推断其出处原则推断文章出处题干

常含befrom,comefrom,betaken,befound,appear等

营养、健康饮食:ahealthmagazine旅游景点介绍:atravelguide/brochure博物馆介绍:博物馆参观指南(amuseumguide)新产品/影片或演出介绍,工作要求、工资待遇、联系电话等:advertisement含有操作方法、使用方法等：instruction文化教育类文章:educationsection文章前有日期、地点或通讯社名称，具有较强的时效性:newspaper文中出现网址或与其相关的词汇(如click):website类别

介绍科研或发现成果asciencemagazinesciencesectionasciencereport时尚、名人或娱乐介绍:magazine,journal,entertainment人物介绍:biography,autobiography活动介绍:announcement,notice高考阅读解题技巧文章出处类类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：◆Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken？◆Inwhichofthefollowingwouldthispassagemostlikelybefound？◆Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________？◆Wherewouldthepassagemostprobablyappear？高考阅读解题技巧

2019年全国Ⅰ卷·31

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)…Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipants…Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.点拨：本题问:本文最有可能出自哪里？阅读全文可知，本文介绍了一种新型智能键盘，它可以通过分析用户的打字模式来识别人们的身份。由此可推断，本文可能选自一本科技类的杂志，故选D项。选自“日记”“旅游指南”“小说”的可能性不大。D高考阅读解题技巧2019年全国Ⅲ卷·35Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward…Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment…Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheyInwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Health.C.Education. D.Science.点拨：本文从开篇到结尾主要介绍的是研究团队做实验的过程及所得到的结论，所以该文最有可能出现在报纸的“科学”板块，故选D。“娱乐”“健康”和“教育”均与文章内容相去甚远。D高考阅读解题技巧观点态度题四个明确明确描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子,如valuable,hopeful,well,good,doubt,worry等明确是问谁对什么事的态度明确主旨(文段首尾),推测观点明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断推断作者对某事物所持的观点或态度要求推断文中人物对某事所持的观点或态度题干常含infavorof,beagainst,agree,disagree,opinion高考阅读解题技巧观点态度题的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against_______.2.Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support________.3.what’stheauthor’sopinionabout…?4.Intheauthor’sopinion…?高考阅读解题技巧表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；notmentioned未提及的。反对或否定：critical批评的,negative否定的，消极的；skeptical怀疑的；disapproving不赞成的。观点态度题有关作者情感态度的词语表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；

supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的高考阅读解题技巧

2020年全国Ⅲ卷·29“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:

“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehouse

withhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.点拨：推理文中人物Nick的观点。一找(依据)：由题干中的Nick在第五段(所选段落的第二段)中找到Nick对与岳母一起居住看法的语句。二理(解字面意思)：尼克是怎么想的？“从我的角度看，一切似乎都很顺利。我会推荐它吗？是的，我想我会的。”三推(断或判断)：由“一切似乎都很顺利”“是的，我想我会的”可推断：尼克对于与岳母一起居住是支持并且推荐