高中二年级下学期英语高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题课件

高考阅读理解词义猜测题

高考阅读解题技巧StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReadingLearningobjectivesIn

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:1.masterthestrategiesandtechniquesforguessingthemeaningsofwordsorphraseswhilereadingbylearningexamples.高考阅读解题技巧含mean,bestexplain,replace,referto等题干意思猜测题考情

每道题通常考一道,有时考两道三种类型猜测单词的含义猜测短语的含义猜测句子的含义高考阅读解题技巧词义猜测题解题步骤比较选择项，确定答案。根据上下文信息，结合不同的方法进行选题审读题干，确认猜测点确认所要求猜测单词、短语或句子在文中的位置高考阅读解题技巧词义猜测题构词法据转化法、合成法和派生法(前缀、后缀)推断常识或背景知识法语法法据定从、同位语从句、冒号

破折号之后的解释或说明推断五种解法对比or,otherwise,while,instead,ratherthan,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等逻辑法因果so,because等转折but,yet,however等让步though,although等上下文法上下文词义（同义近义、反义、举例等）上下文逻辑高考阅读解题技巧一、上下文法

之上下文词义法3举例4同义近义2定义1重述5反义高考阅读解题技巧Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.1重述关系有牙齿的重述是使用常用、简明的词或词组对某一复杂难懂的词或术语的含义进行解释。重述部分通过逗号(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)与句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词引导。常见的信号词语有：or,namely,thatis,inotherwords,thatistosay,tobemoreexact,toputinanotherway等。——————————高考阅读解题技巧(北京高考阅读C)Transparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.常用的下定义的信号词语有：is,are,is/arecalled,mean,referto,knownas等。2定义关系———————————————————透明的高考阅读解题技巧举例…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018年全国卷ⅠC篇)29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern表示举例的词汇有suchas，forexample，forinstance，like，including,especially等，可以通过所举事例推知前面内容。汉语、英语是____语言suchas3C高考阅读解题技巧4同义或近义关系“Ofcourse,onlyaretoday‘stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.”VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,“addsHil.(2019年全国卷IIIB篇)26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdownon

C.workingwith D.competingagainstand利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知生词的意思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as…as，justas,

similarly等D高考阅读解题技巧2020年全国Ⅱ卷·30

Thefurtradekeptnutria(海狸鼠)incheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.

D信号词:but,yet,however等高考阅读解题技巧5反义关系根据上下文语境Mrs.Stanleytalkedmostlyaboutherdeadhusband,"Mr.StanleyandIwentshoppingthismorning."she'dsay.Thefirsttimeshesaidthat,soda(汽水)wentupmynose.ItoldmyfatherhowMrs.StanleytalkedasifMr.Stanleywerestillalive.Dadsaidshewasprobablylonely,andthatIoughttositandlistenandnodmyheadandsmile,andmaybeshe'd

workitoutofhersystem.Sothat'swhatIdid,anditturnedoutDadwasright.Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery(墓地).(2017年11月浙江卷)23.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase"workitoutofhersystem"?A.recoverfromhersadnessB.moveoutoftheneighborhoodC.turntoheroldfriendsD.speakoutaboutherpastdeadlonelycontentA高考阅读解题技巧二、语法法3标点符号2同位语（从句）1定语（从句）高考阅读解题技巧Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”

“TheHangoverPartII”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven‘tbeentreatedproperly.（2020年全国Ⅲ卷·26）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.D1从句高考阅读解题技巧

2019年全国Ⅰ卷·25Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.A2标定符号……………25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.高考阅读解题技巧ThePresident’seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit.“Sorry,madam,IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn’tknowyourbackground.”(2020·天津高考阅读B)根据构词法知识我们可知，under­为前缀，表示“在……下”，estimate(估计，估量；判断；评价)为词根，因此，我们可猜测underestimate为“低估，看轻”之意。三、构词法(formation)高考阅读解题技巧派生法派生法：通过在词根上添加前缀或后缀构造新词。一般讲前缀改变词义不变词性，后缀改变词性不变词义。常见的前缀和后缀如：super-(超)mini-(迷你的,微小的micro-（微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)2合成法合成法：指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词。转化法：把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生义,同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查。3转化法1高考阅读解题技巧四、逻辑法3让步though,although等4对比or,otherwise,while,instead,ratherthan,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等LogicalRelation2转折but,yet,however等1因果so,because等高考阅读解题技巧(全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening？Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.根据画线词后面的原因状语从句“Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.”不难得知，apparently应为“肯定”的答复，其意思是“显然地”。信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thus1因果法高考阅读解题技巧AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters.

B．Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D．Tallthinpersons.D2对比信号词：or,otherwise,while,instead,ratherthan,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等高考阅读解题技巧五、根据生活常识和文化背景知识

15.Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings？ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyo