专题18 非谓语动词（二）-中考英语语法单项选择题专项突破（解析版）

考点四.作定语不定式、动名词和分词都能作定语。1．现在分词多表示主动或进行，过去分词多表示被动或完成；不定式则更多地表示将来的动作；动名词作定语，多表示所修饰名词的用途。2．不定式作定语与其所修饰的名词之间构成一定的逻辑关系，主要有：1）不定式所修饰的名词是后面作定语的不定式的逻辑主语（尤其是名词前有序数词或最级修饰）。这里不定式除修饰名词外，还可修饰代词和数词。2）被修饰的那个名词是后面作定语的不定式的逻辑宾语。3）作定语的不定式用来说明被修饰的名词的内容。这个不定式相当于被修饰的那个名词的表语。这类名词常见的有：chance,courage,ability,right(权利)等。3.way后接不定式作宾语。1.—DoyouknowNeilArmstrong?(北京)—Yes,Heisthefirstman______onthemoon.A.walkB.walksC.towalkD.walked【答案】C【解析】名词man前有序数词thefirst修饰，故用不定式作定语。man是不定式的逻辑主语。2.Anurse_______Carolynwilllookafterthebabywhenhismother_____away.(兰州)A.naming...is B.naming...willbeC.named...is D.named…willbe【答案】C3.Therearesomepeople_____soccerinthepark.(重庆渝北)A.playB.playsC.playingD.toplay【答案】C【解析】句意：一些人正在公园里踢足球。此处应用现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作。4.—We’regoingtoseeamovie.Wouldyouliketojoinus?(广安)—Sorry,Ihavetoomuchhomework_______.A.WilldoB.needdoC.doD.todo【答案】D【解析】句意：——我们要去看电影。你愿意加入我们的行列吗？——真抱歉，我有太多的作业要做。havesth.todo意为“有事要做”，不定式作定语，修饰homework。homework是不定式的逻辑宾语。5.Inthosedays,peoplegotnochance________toreadandwrite.（龙东）A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned【答案】B【解析】句意：那些日子，人们没有机会学习读书和写字。不定式说明名词chance的内容。6.Sleepingisapopularway_______amongstudents.(天水)A.relax B.relaxed C.relaxing D.torelax【答案】D【解析】句意：学生间，睡觉是一种流行的放松方式。way后接动词不定式作后置定语。考点五.作状语不定式和分词都能作状语。1．非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子主语一致。此原则是判定用现在分词还是过去分词的唯一依据。2．分词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，就用现在分词，是被动关系就用过去分词。3．不定式多作目的状语和结果状语，分词多作时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等状语。分词放在句首，表示原因、时间、条件等；不定式放在句首则表示目的。不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果，分词则表示自然的结果。不定式作目的状语是考查的重点。4.在做表语或补语的形容词后用不定式做状语。1.Asavolunteer,thegirlwantstovisitsickkidsinthehospital__________themup.(青岛)A.tocheer B.cheer C.cheering D.cheered【答案】A【解析】句意：作为一名志愿者，（这个）女孩想去医院看望生病的孩子们，让他们开心。此处作目的状语，应用不定式。2.—Whatshallwedothisweekend?(郴州)—We’lldrivetoDongjiangLakeboating.A.togo B.go C.going【答案】A【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。学&科网3.—Whydidyoubuysomanyflowers!（包头）—___mywife,Ididsomethingwrongyesterday.Sheisstillangrywithme.A.PleaseB.TopleaseC.PleasingD.Bepleased【答案】B【解析】句意：为什么你买了这么多花？为了让我妻子高兴。我昨天做了错事，她还生我的气呢。不定式作目的状语。4.MomdoesallthehouseworksothatSarahcantakethetime_______herwordsonpaper.(扬州)A.put B.putting C.toput D.puts【答案】C【解析】句意：妈妈做所有的家务,这样莎拉可以抽出时间去写作文。takethetimetodosth.意为“花时间做某事”，不定式作目的状语。5.Doctorsinthetownareusingthebookstheirstudiesandtreatpatients.(临沂)A.continueB.tocontinueC.continuingD.continues【答案】B6.________foralongtime,thebooklooksold.（湘潭）A.UseB.TobeusedC.UsingD.Used【答案】D【解析】句意：由于用的时间长了，书看上去很旧。这里作原因状语，应用分词；thebook和use之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。7.TheMonkeyKingcanmake72changestohisshapeandsize,______himselfintodifferentanimalsandobjects.(攀枝花)A.turned B.toturn C.turning D.turn【答案】C8._______,watercanbechangedintovapor.（北京）

A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat【答案】C【解析】句意：如果给水加热，水就能变成蒸汽。这里作条件状语，所以用分词；逻辑主语water和heat之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。9.I'msorry______you.(吉林)A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled【答案】B【解析】句意：对不起，给你添麻烦了。Sorry是形容词，后接不定式作状语。10.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.(甘肃)A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets【答案】【解析】形容词glad后接不定式作状语。考点六.作补语非谓语动词作补语是中考英语考查的重点，希望引起同学们的重视。补语分为宾语补足语和主语补足语，不定式和分词都能作补语。1．感官动词（主要有see,hear,notice,feel,watch,observe等）和使役动词（主要有make,let,have等）跟不定式作宾补语时，不定式不能带to，但用于被动语态时(let,have不能用于被动语态)，不定式要带to。2．能跟带to的不定式作补语的动词有：advise,allow,ask,beg,believe,consider,discover,drive,encourage,expect,force,get,imagine,invite,order,suppose,teach,tell,think,want,warn,wish,understand等。help后跟不定式作宾补时，可带to也可不带。3．感官动词的现在分词作补语，表示动作的进行状态，跟不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程。4．现在分词作补语，常表示动作正在进行或表示一个主动的动作；过去分词作补语，常表示动作已经完成或表示被动；不定式作补语常常表示将来的动作。1.Lastnight,Ifoundaphotoinanoldbook.Itmademe____ofmyprimaryschoollife.（济南）A.thinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD．tothink【答案】A【解析】句意：昨晚，我在一本旧书里发现了一张照片。它让我想起小学时代的生活。make后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，即makesb．dosth。2.Inolddays,thepoor_______forthebossforover18hoursaday.(恩施) A.wasmadetobeworkedB.weremadeworkC.weremadetowork【答案】C【解析】thepoor指“穷人”，是复数概念；make后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态后不定式要加上to，成为主语补足语。3.Theboywasseen____________computergamesinthenetbar.(天水)A.playB.played C.playing D.toplay【答案】C【解析】句意：男孩被看到在网吧玩电子游戏。beseen后接不定式或现在分词作主语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程，用现在分词表示动作正在进行。这里指看见男孩时，他正在玩游戏，表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词。4.IsawTom_________hiskeyinthelock,turnitandopenthedoor.(徐州)A.putB.puttingC.putsD.toput【答案】A5.Thoughheoftenmadehislittlesister,todayhewasmadebyher.(岳阳)A.cry;tocryB.cried;cryingC.tocry;cry【答案】A【解析】句意：虽然他经常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他被妹妹弄哭了。make是使役动词，后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，即makesb.dosth.；但变成被动语态后，不定式要加上to，作主语补足语。故选A。6.WheneverIfailedtodosomething,mymother______me______haveatryagain.(通辽)A.let;toB.advised;toC.made;toD.makes;to【答案】B【解析】句意：无论何时我不能做某事时，妈妈都会建议我再试一次。所选动词后面是带to的不定式作宾补。只有advise符合；let,make,have后接不带to的不定式作宾补。7.Formorethanonce,ourheadteacherasksus_______thehabitofkeepingadiary.(广东)A.develop B.develops C.developing D.todevelop【答案】D【解析】ask后接带to的不定式作宾补，即asksb.todosth。8.OurEnglishteacherwantsusEnglishstoriesoutofclass.(成都)A.readB.readingC.toread【答案】C【解析】句意：我们英语老师让我们课下读英语故事。Want后接不定式作宾语补足语，即wantsb.todosth.。故选C。9.Ourteacheroftentellsus_____time.(遂宁)A.notwasteB.don’twasterC.nottowasteD.doesn’twaste【答案】C【解析】句意：老师经常告诉我们不要浪费时间。Tell后接不定式作宾语补足语，其否定式是在不定式前加not。10.Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger,wewarnparents________childrenathomealone.（孝感）A.leave B.toleave C.notleave D.nottoleave【答案】D【解析】句意：为了使孩子们远离危险，我们告诫父母不要把孩子独自留在家里。warn后跟不定式todo/nottodo作宾语补足语；结合句意可知是“不要做某事”，故选D。11.—You’dbetteradvisehim_____anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.(宜昌)—Iwill.Hehastoknowit’sdangerous.A.notthrowing B.nothrowing C.nottothrow D.don’tthrow【答案】C【解析】advise后接不定式作宾语补足语，表示否定在不定式前面加not，即advisesb.nottodo（建议某人不做……）。12.Tomisunhappytoday.Let’s______.(巴中)A.cheeruphimB.cheerhimupC.tocheerhimup【答案】B【解析】句意：汤姆今天不开心。咱们使他高兴起来吧。let’s后跟动词原形；cheerup是“动词+副词”结构，当宾语是代词时，要放在中间。故选B。14.Myteacheroftenencouragesme____atleastonehouradayreadingbooks.(龙东)A.topay B.cost C.tospend【答案】C巩固练习：1.Myparentshavealotofhousework______.(绥化)A.do B.todo C.doing2.ChineseCulture,manycollegestudentsgotoforeigncountrieseveryyear.(长春)A.SpreadingB.TospreadC.SpreadsD.Spread3.InsomeAfricancountries,childrenaremade________heavyworkbecausetheirparentshavedied.(内江)A.doingB.doneC.doD.todo4.YoucanaskLiuMei______withyou.(绥化)A.go B.togo C.going5.Theheadmasterwarnsus______theschoolrules,orwe’llbepunished.(新疆建设兵团)A.tobreak B.nottobreak C.breaking D.don’tbreak6.Myparentsoftentellme______fightwithothers.(巴中)A.don’tB.nottoC.not7.Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereandwatchesus______surewedon’tbreakanything.（河南）A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.making8.Myfatherasksme______inthestreet.It’sdangerous.(贺州)A.nottoplay B.notplay C.notplaying D.doesn’train9.Thechildiscrying.Pleasedosomethingtomakehim________.(宜宾)A.stoptocryB.stopcryingC.tostopcrying10.—IsawJim____intothatnewbuildingjustnow.(龙东)—Oh,it’sournewlibrary.It____tothepublicforaweek.A.walk;hasopenedB.walk;hasbeenopenC.walking;hasopened11.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.(济南)A.doingB.todoC.doD.done12.Myparentsalwaysaskme_______morevegetablesandfruit.（毕节）A.eat B.eating C.toeatD.eats13.Parentsshouldtelltheirchildren_________unhealthyfood.It’sbadfortheirhealth.（丹东）A.nottoeat B.noteating C.tocat D.eating14.We’lldowhatwecan___________thesickman.(天水)A.tohelp B.help C.helps D.helped15.—Thelastone__________paysthemeal.—Agreed!