2025届高三英语二轮复习 语法填空专项练习（五）（3篇含答案）

语法填空专项练习阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Passage1Someofthebeststrategiesfor1.___________(reduce)thechancesofdevelopingdementiaare,toputitkindly,impracticable.Don'tgrowold;don'tbeawoman;chooseyourparents2.___________(careful).Butalthougholdageremainsbyfarthebiggestriskfactor,womenaremoreatriskthanmenandsomegeneticinheritancesmakedementiamorelikelyorevenalmostinevitable,the3.___________(late)researchsuggeststhatasmanyas45%of4.________(case)ofdementiaarepreventable—oratleastthattheironsetcanbe5.___________(delay).The6.__________(modify)riskfactorsincludesmoking,obesity,physicalinactivity,highbloodpressure,diabetesanddrinkingtoomuchalcohol(seechart).The7.__________(best)waytoreducetheriskofdevelopingdementia8.__________toleadwhathaslongbeenconsideredtobea9._________(health)life:avoidingtobaccoandtoomuchalcoholandtakingplentyofexercise(butavoidingthoseformsofitthatinvolverepeatedblowstotheheadorboutsofconcussion,alist10.__________includesboxing,Americanfootball,rugbyandlacrosse).Passage1答案：reducingCarefullylatestcasesDelayedmodifiablebestishealthywhichPassage1译文：委婉地说，一些减少患痴呆症几率的最佳策略是不切实际的。不要变老；不要做女人；仔细选择你的父母。但是，尽管老年仍然是目前最大的风险因素，女性比男性更容易患痴呆症，而且一些基因遗传使痴呆症更容易发生，甚至几乎不可避免，但最新的研究表明，多达45%的痴呆症病例是可以预防的，或者至少可以推迟发病。可改变的风险因素包括吸烟、肥胖、缺乏运动、高血压、糖尿病和酗酒（见图表）。减少患痴呆症风险的最好方法是过一种长期以来被认为是健康的生活：不吸烟，不酗酒，多做运动（但要避免反复撞击头部或脑震荡的运动，包括拳击、美式足球、橄榄球和长曲棍球）。Italsomeanshavingagooddiet,definedinonestudycitedbythecommissionas:"Eatatleastthreeweeklyservingsofalloffruit,vegetablesandfish;rarelydrinksugar-sweeteneddrinks;rarelyeatpreparedmeatlikesausagesorhavetakeaways."SoitisnotsurprisingthatLDLcholesterolhasbeenaddedtoitsnot-to-dolist.Itisalsoimportanttoexercisethebrain:bylearningamusicalinstrumentoraforeignlanguage,forexample—orevenbydoingcrosswordandsudokupuzzles.Somephysicalailmentsdonotbringheightenedrisksofcardiovasculardiseaseorcancerbuthavebeenshowntomakedementiamorelikely.Oneisuntreatedhearingloss.TheLancetcommission'sreportfrom2020concludedthiswasthebiggestofits12riskfactors,aconclusionsharedbythislateststudy.Peoplewithhearinglossareabouttwiceaslikelyasotherstodevelopdementia.Thewideravailabilityanduseofhearingaidswouldprobablybethesingleinterventionmosteffectiveinreducingtheincidenceofdementia.Itisalsonotsurprisingthateyesightproblemshavebeenaddedtothelatestdementia-riskslist.Itisunclearwhyimpairedhearingandvisionshouldhavesuchanimpactontheriskofdementia.Oneideaisthattheyallhaveacommoncause.Thathearingaidsareveryeffectiveinprotectingagainstdementia,however,arguesagainstthattheoryfordeafness.Diabetes,however,isariskfactorforbothfailingeyesightanddementia.Othersspeculatethatpeoplestrainingtounderstandwhatissaidtothemortonavigateaworldmadehazybypooreyesightsufferadebilitatingincreased"cognitiveload".Itmayalsobethattheseproblemsinhibitpeople'ssociallivesandmakethemlonelier.Socialisolationanddepressionarealsoimportantriskfactors.这还意味着要有良好的饮食习惯，委员会引用的一项研究将其定义为：“每周至少吃三次水果、蔬菜和鱼；很少喝含糖饮料；很少吃熟食，比如香肠或外卖。”因此，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇被列入“不做清单”也就不足为奇了。锻炼大脑也很重要：例如，通过学习一种乐器或一门外语，甚至通过做填字游戏和数独游戏。一些身体上的疾病不会增加患心血管疾病或癌症的风险，但已被证明更有可能导致痴呆。一种是未经治疗的听力损失。《柳叶刀》委员会2020年的报告得出结论，这是12个风险因素中最大的一个，这项最新研究也得出了同样的结论。听力损失的人患痴呆症的可能性是其他人的两倍。助听器的广泛使用可能是减少痴呆症发病率最有效的单一干预措施。视力问题被列入最新的痴呆症风险清单也不足为奇。目前还不清楚为什么听力和视力受损会对痴呆症的风险产生如此大的影响。一种想法是，他们都有一个共同的原因。然而，助听器在预防痴呆症方面非常有效，这与耳聋的理论相矛盾。然而，糖尿病是导致视力下降和痴呆的危险因素。另一些人推测，人们努力理解别人对他们说的话，或者因为视力不佳而在一个模糊的世界里航行，他们遭受了一种令人衰弱的“认知负荷”的增加。也可能是这些问题抑制了人们的社交生活，使他们更加孤独。社会孤立和抑郁也是重要的风险因素。Passage2Crammingallthelearningintoonenightbeforetheexam1._________(usual)doesn’twork.Youmemorizethingsalotbetterifyoulearnthemrepeatedly,overmultiple2.___________(session).What’sinterestingisthatthisistrueevenifthetotalamountoflearningstaysthesame:youspendthesametimestudyingoverall,3.__________createasuperiormemoryifthetrainingisspacedintime.Ifyouthinkaboutit,it’snotobvious4.___________that’sthecase.Computers,forexample,don’tcareifyoufeedtheminformationinonegoorinmultiplesittings—whattheylearniswhattheylearn,regardlessofthetiming.What’s5.__________(difference)aboutourbrains?Ournewstudy,6.__________thisweekinNatureCommunications,showsthatit’snotactuallyaboutthebrain,perse.Thispropertyofmemory,calledthespacingeffect,turnsouttobebuiltintotheveryfabricofourbody.Evenkidneycellslearnbetterandcreate7.________(lasting)memoriesfromspacedrepetition.Whatdoesitevenmeanforakidneycelltolearnandhavememory?

Consider8._________(one)howmemories9._________(store)inthebrain,fromaperspectiveof10.________braincell,aneuron.Passage2答案：UsualSessionsbutwhydifferentpublishedmorelastingfirstarestoredaPassage2译文：把所有的学习都塞进考试前的一个晚上通常是行不通的。如果你通过多次学习反复学习，你就能更好地记住它们。有趣的是，即使学习总量保持不变，情况也是如此：您总体上花费相同的时间学习，但如果训练间隔时间，则可以创建出色的记忆力。如果你仔细想想，就不明白为什么会这样。例如，计算机并不关心你是一次性还是多次向计算机提供信息——它们学到的就是它们学到的，无论时间如何。我们的大脑有什么不同？我们的新研究本周发表在《自然通讯》上，表明它实际上与大脑本身无关。记忆的这种特性被称为间隔效应，事实证明它内置于我们身体的结构中。甚至肾细胞也能通过间隔重复学习得更好并创造更持久的记忆。对于肾细胞来说，学习和记忆意味着什么？首先从脑细胞、神经元的角度考虑记忆是如何存储在大脑中的。Passage3Toaneuron,humanexperienceisacomplexpatternofchemicalsspreadintime—neurotransmitterssenttoit1.___________otherneurons.Neuronsdistinguishbetweenfinetimepatterns2.___________changepartsof3._____________(they)inresponse.Forexample,aslowpulsationofincomingneurotransmittersmightcauseaneuron’sinputendingstoshrink,whereasafastpulsationmightcausethem4.________(grow).That’s5._________“typical”memoryis—animprintleftonourbrain’sneuronsbyaspecifictimepatternofchemicals.Inonestudy,forexample,insulin-secretingcellsfromthepancreas6.________(show)tohaveashort-termmemoryofapastmeal.Insulinisahormonethat’sreleasedinresponsetosugarenteringthebloodstream,7.__________(cause)thissugartobeabsorbedbythebody’s8.__________(cell)andstoredforfutureuse.Ifyou9._________(artificial