2025版高考英语一轮复习选修6Unit5Thepowerofnature学案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit5Thepowerofnature————[单元主题语境]———人与自然之自然灾难与防范，平安常识与自我爱护(2024·高考浙江卷)话题：气候变更与大树变少词数：314难度：★★★★Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.[语篇解读]本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变更是其中的一个主要因素。27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig­treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.解析：段落大意题。其次段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树削减的严峻性，故A项正确。答案：A28．Whichofthefollowingiswell­intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests. B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment. D．Firecontrolmeasures.解析：推理推断题。第三段提到了造成加利福尼亚州的大树削减的三个因素：woodcutters，housingdevelopment与aggressivewildfirecontrol。前两个因素干脆与大树的削减有关，假如能限制住，大树就不会削减；而第三个因素——限制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了限制野火，这是好的，实则对大树不利，故D项正确(好心办坏事)。答案：D29．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt. B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate. D．Dampnessoftheair.解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures”可知，水不足的主要缘由就是气温上升(risingtemperatures)，即更加暖和的气候，故C项正确。答案：C30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California'sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre：GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia解析：标题归纳题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s。后面详细分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树削减的缘由等，A项作为标题最合适。答案：A一、语言实力熟词生义/词类活用1．studyn．调查，探讨2．declinen．降幅，下降3．contributedto导致4．theleadauthor第一作者，主要作者5．documentedv．记录，记载(详情)6．takeintoaccount考虑到二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——确定位置，提炼概括段落大意一般而言，每个段落都有一个中心，且通常中心思想会在本段的首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的主题句。由于文章内容和体裁的不同，作者的写作手法也不尽相同，主题句在段落中出现的位置也不固定。一般说来，采纳归纳法的段落，细微环节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采纳演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后演绎例证，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首；若作者采纳由特殊→一般→特殊的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，我们要学会依据段落的内容去概括出主题句，进而归纳出文章的主题。如27题，依据其次段首句可知探讨发觉，加利福尼亚的大树数量下降了百分之五十。后面列举数目，主要说明数量急剧下降。可知大树数量急剧下降的严峻形势。故选A。2．分析长难句并翻译句子ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.[分析]incomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010作状语，句子的主语是McIntyreandhiscolleagues，谓语是documented，awidespreaddeath是宾语。that引导的是定语从句，修饰death。[翻译]但是把20世纪20年头和30年头对加利福尼亚森林的探讨和2001年至2010年的探讨结果比较，McIntyre和他的同事发觉甚至在野外受到爱护，免受砍伐和开发的大树也大范围地死亡。三、文化素养思索：通过阅读这篇文章，你如何认为自然和人类社会的关系？自然和人类社会的关系恰如水与舟的关系，社会发展不能违反自然规律，二者关系处理的好坏干脆关系到整个人类社会的可持续发展。授课提示：对应学生用书第190页NO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………[先识记]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．appointanewheadteacher任命一位新校长2．wavesb.agreeting挥手向某人致意3．alongsidethetheatre在剧院旁边4．tremblewithanger因生气而颤抖5．sweathispatient使他的病人发汗6．panicthehorse使马惊惶7．shootthearrowatthetarget有的放矢8．uncomfortablesurroundings不舒适的环境9．arousesb.'senthusiasm激起某人的主动性10．beguaranteedforoneyear保修一年11．bebathedinsweat浑身大汗12．ananxiousexpression忧虑的表情13．inactuallife在实际生活中14．apotentialdisaster潜在的灾祸15．adivingsuit潜水服16．apieceofequipment一件设备[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．ThefilmFarewellMyConcubinewasadaptedfromthenovelofthesametitlebyHongKongnovelistLiBihua.(novel)2．Chooseapairofshoesthatsuitsyoubest，andwe'llcycletoasuitableplaceforapicnic.(suit)3．Hewasanxioustoleaveandhecouldnothidehisanxiety.(anxious)4．Peoplewithanappreciationofartandliteraturecanappreciateworksofart.(appreciate)5．Thenewlabsareequippedwithadvancedequipment.(equip)6．Doyouwanttoevaluateyourintelligence？Justcompletetheevaluationfrombelow，please.(evaluate)7．Tomwasbadlyhurtandstillunconsciousaftertheaccident，buthiswifewasconsciousandwassmilingtousconsciously.(conscious)8．Peoplefromdiverseculturesholddifferentunderstandingontheplayandthisdiversityofopinionsmakesithardtoreachanagreementatthemeeting.(diverse)02阅读单词…………标注不相识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□volcano□hurricane□questionnaire□database□diagram□ash□molten□helmet□geology□peak□fountain□candidate□typhoon□rainbow□balconyNO.2短语——在拼法中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．inthedistance在远处2．makeone'swayhome朝家的方向走去3．beabouttochange即将发生变更4．behometopandas熊猫的家园5．takenoticeofnothing什么都没留意6．varyfromregiontoregion因地区而异7．comparedwithlastyear与去年相比8．glancethroughmyalbum匆忙看一遍我的相册9．haveagiftformusic有音乐天赋10．burnthecitytotheground把城市烧成平地[词汇积累]1．含“­ist(人)”词根的单词①novel(小说)＋­ist＝novelist小说家②dent(齿)＋­ist＝dentist牙医③capital(资本)＋­ist＝capitalist资本主义者④reception(接待)＋­ist＝receptionist接待员⑤physics[物理学(去s)]＋­ist＝physicist物理学家⑥volcanology[火山学(去y)]＋­ist＝volcanologist火山学家2．“havea＋n.＋for”短语集锦①haveagiftfor有……的天赋②haveapreferencefor偏爱；特殊宠爱③haveadesirefor想要；渴望④haveanosefor对……敏感⑤haveatastefor对……有爱好⑥haveafancyfor宠爱；痴迷⑦haveachancefor有……的机会NO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请依据提示完成下列句子1．现在分词的完成式(havingdone)作状语回答老师的问题后，她坐下来，感到轻松多了。Havingansweredtheteacher'squestions，shesatdownandfeltmuchmorerelaxed.2．beabouttodo...when...“刚要……这时……”我刚要去你家帮助你学英语，这时我叔叔来了。IwasabouttogotoyourhometohelpyouwithyourEnglishwhenmyunclecame.3．独立主格结构，在句中作缘由状语假如时间允许，采摘活动结束后，我们将在农场实行一个晚会。Timepermitting，wewillholdapartyonthefarmafterthepickingactivityisover.4．Itissaidthat...“据说……”据说我们的对手很厉害，所以我们队从明天起每天放学后都要训练以赢得竞赛。Itissaidthatouropponentisgreat，soourteamwillbetrainedeverydayafterschoolfromtomorrowtowinthegame.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)授课提示：对应学生用书第191页1．appointvt.任命；委派；约定；指定(时间、地点等)[写作佳句]Iwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.我被指定负责支配那一天的全部活动。[归纳拓展](1)appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)appointedadj.约定的(3)appointmentn．任命；约定；约会have/makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人有约会/预约[实战演练]基础练透——完成语段①XiaoLimade/hadanappointmentwiththemanagerandarrivedattheappointedtime.Later，shewasappointedtoholdanimportantpost.肖丽和经理预约并在约定的时间到达。后来她被任命担当一个重要的职务。实力提升——句式升级②Hewasappointedasheadmasteroftheschool.Hesparednoefforttoimproveitsteachingquality.→Appointedasheadmasteroftheschool，hesparednoefforttoimproveitsteachingquality.(分词短语作状语)2．suitn.一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使相宜[文化金句]TheTangsuithasbeenpopulararoundChinainthepasttenyears，whichmeanstherevivaloftheChinesenationalculture.在过去的十年里，唐装在中国各地很受欢迎，这意味着中华民族文化的复兴。[归纳拓展](1)asuitof一套……(2)suitsb.适合某人suitone'sneeds适合某人的须要(3)suitableadj.适当的；相配的；适合的besuitableforsb.(某物)适合某人besuitabletodosth.适合做某事[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/选词填空(suit/match/fit)①Youlookwonderfulinthatsuitabledress.Itreallysuitsyou.(suit)②Thehatdoesn'tsuither，foronethingitdoesn'tfitbecauseofitssize；foranotheritscolordoesn'tmatchhercharmingface.实力提升——翻译句子③我想知道这些学生是否适合做兼职或暑假工作。Iamwonderingwhetherthestudentsaresuitabletodopart­timeorsummerjobs.[实战贴士]suit多指合乎须要、口味、性格、款式等；而fit多指大小、形态的合适；match多指色调、形态、性质等方面的搭配。3．anxiousadj.忧虑的；担忧的[写作佳句]Anxiousallthetime，Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.由于总是焦虑担忧，我一向无法保持留意力集中超过一个小时。[归纳拓展](1)beanxiousaboutsth.为某事忧虑/担忧beanxiousforsth.渴望……；担忧……beanxious(forsb.)todosth.渴望(某人)做某事(2)anxiouslyadv.担忧地；忧虑地anxietyn．焦虑；担忧；渴望withanxiety＝anxiously焦虑地；担忧地[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Iwasanxiousabout/forhissafetywhenIheardthenewsofthetrainaccident.②Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，onlytofinditdidn'tfit.＝Shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtrieditonwithanxiety，onlytofinditdidn'tfit.(anxious)实力提升——一句多译我很担忧即将到来的考试，以至于晚上很难入睡。③I'msoanxiousaboutthecomingexamthatIcanhardlyfallasleepatnight.(so...that...)④Anxiousaboutthecomingexam，Icanhardlyfallasleepatnight.(形容词短语作伴随状语)4．panicn.惊惶；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊惶/恐慌[写作佳句]Theconditionsbecamemoresevereandmanypeoplewerepanickedintoleavingthecountry.形势变得更严峻，很多人惊惶地离开了这个国家。[归纳拓展](1)panicodoingsth.使某人因惊惶而做某事(2)getintoapanic惊惶失措(表动作)inpanic惊惶失措(表状态)[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Notonlydoonlinerumorscausepeopleinpanic，buttheydisturbpublicorder.②Tompanickedatthesoundofexplosionandhiswifealsogotintoapanic.③Hearingthegun，thedeerwaspanicked(panic)intorunningstraightfortheheadlights.实力提升——完成句子④Eventhegreatspeakersometimeswillbeinpanicandslipintoabathroomforpracticebeforemakingaspeech.即使是精彩的演讲者在演讲之前有时候也会惊恐担忧，溜进洗手间猛操练一番。[实战贴士]留意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。5．guaranteevt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；抵押品；担保人；保修单[文化金句]Asforpreparation，readingsomeChinesenovelsinadvancewillguaranteeyouadaptingintotheChineselanguageenvironment.作为打算，事先阅读一些中文小说会保证让你融入中国语言的环境中。[归纳拓展](1)guaranteesb.sth.＝guaranteesth.tosb.保证某人某事guaranteetodosth./that...保证/担保做某事；确保……(2)givesb.aguarantee(that)．..向某人保证……underguarantee在保修期内[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/一词多义①Thecarislessthanayearold，soitisstillunderguarantee.②Toborrowalargeamountofmoney，hehadtoofferhishouseasaguarantee.n.抵押品③IfIborrow$10,000fromthebank，willyoubemyguarantee？n.担保人实力提升——完成句子④Canyougivemeaguaranteethattheworkwillbefinishedontime?你能向我保证这项工作会按时完成吗？6．makeone'sway前往；到(某地)[写作佳句]Solongasyouworkhard，youcanmakeyourwayinlife.只要你努力工作，你的人生就会胜利。[归纳拓展]makeone'swayto/towards朝……走去fightone'sway奋力前进loseone'sway迷路feelone'sway摸索前进pushone'sway挤出来windone'sway蜿蜒前进[实战演练]基础练透——完成语段①Havingfelthiswaythroughtheforest，helosthiswaybackhome，onlytofindariverwindingitswaydownthehill.摸索着穿过森林后，他迷失了回家的路，仅发觉一条小溪沿着山坡蜿蜒流下来。实力提升——翻译句子②看！很多孩子正往海滩走去。Look!Manychildrenaremakingtheirwaytothebeach.7．varyfrom...to...由……到……不等[写作佳句]Ilikereadingverymuch，especiallythestorybooks，varyingfromChinesestoriestoEnglishones.我特别宠爱读书，尤其是故事书，无论是中文的还是英文的。[归纳拓展](1)varyin...在……(大小、形态等)上不同varywith/by随……变更/变更(2)variousadj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的(3)varietyn．种类；多样化avarietyof/varietiesof种种；各种各样的[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Pricesoffruits，whichvaryinsize，oftenvarywiththeseason.②Inmyfreetime，I'llcontinuetotakeregularexercise，suchasswimming，runningandvarious(vary)ballgames.③Thesebagsaremadeofvarieties(various)ofmaterials.实力提升——完成句子④Wejoininavarietyof/varietiesof/variousactivitiesinournewgymnasium，whichbringsuslotsofpleasure.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)在新体育馆里，我们参与各种各样的活动，这给我们带来很多欢乐。8．独立主格结构[教材原句]Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy，butthisbeingmyfirstexperience，Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后探讨用的岩浆，我是第一次经验这样的事，所以留在山顶上视察他们。[归纳拓展]独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词＋现在分词(主动、进行)/过去分词(被动、完成)/不定式(将来)/形容词、副词/介词短语等。(1)其中名词或代词起着逻辑主语的作用，另一部分表示状态、状况或动作。(2)独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、缘由、条件、伴随等。(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Themanagerlooksrelaxed，manythingssettled(settle)．②Suchanablemantohelp(help)you，youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.③Theguideleading(lead)theway，wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.实力提升——句式升级④ThemusicfestivaltobeheldbyourschoolisfullofwonderfulprogramssuchassometraditionalChinesedancesandsongs.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)→Themusicfestivaltobeheldbyourschoolisfullofwonderfulprograms，sometraditionalChinesedancesandsongsincluded.(独立主格结构)9．“Itissaidthat...”句式[教材原句]Itissaidthatthisboy，whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion，isthefatheroftheManchupeople.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的劝服力。[归纳拓展](1)句式“Itissaidthat...＝Sb./Sth.issaidtodosth.”，意为“据说……”。其中，不定式依据状况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。(2)Itisthoughtthat...据认为……Itisbelievedthat...人们信任……Itisreportedthat...据报道……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/补全句子①Heisthoughttohaveacted(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.②Carbondioxideissaidtobeheating(heat)theearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.③Itishopedthat(希望)thesesuggestionswouldbeofgreathelptoyou.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)实力提升——一句多译人们信任音乐节不仅有意义而且好玩。(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)④Itisbelievedthatthemusicfestivalwillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.⑤Peoplebelievethatthemusicfestivalwillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.授课提示：对应学生用书第194页[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.adj.不同的②(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.n.了解③(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.v.配有2．一词多义(2024·高考浙江卷)It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial，politicalandscientificprogress.AA．波动；浪潮 B．挥手C．飘动Ⅱ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactually(actual)bringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.②(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Ehlersthoughtaboutthesmalldoghehadseentrembling(tremble)alongsidetheroad.③(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Someofuswereconfidentandeagertotakepartintheclassactivity；otherswerenervousandanxious(anxiety)．④(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Instead，wehadapop­upcamperwithcomfortable(comfort)bedsandanairconditioner.2．完形填空①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Iwasthrilled!IarrivedearlyatByronBaywhereweweresupposedtomeet.Thebaywas45insunshine，andtherewasagroupofkayakersaround150mA．bathed B．c