参考文献英文范文

1.HarvardStyle

Whencitingsourcesinthetext,usetheauthordatemethod.Forexample:

AccordingtoSmith(2019),climatechangeisapressingissuethatrequiresimmediateaction.

Fordirectquotes,includethepagenumber:

AsSmith(2019,p.15)states,"climatechangeposesasignificantthreattoourplanet."

Thereferencelistattheendofthedocumentshouldincludeallthesourcescitedinthetext.Here'sanexampleentry:

Smith,J.(2019).ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide.OxfordUniversityPress.

2.APAStyle

InAPAstyle,citationsinthetextincludetheauthor'slastnameandtheyearofpublication.Forexample:

Recentresearchhasshownthatclimatechangeisapressingissue(Smith,2019).

Fordirectquotes,includethepagenumber:

Smith(2019)statesthat"climatechangeposesasignificantthreattoourplanet"(p.15).

Thereferencelistattheendofthedocumentshouldbeinalphabeticalordertheauthor'slastname.Here'sanexampleentry:

Smith,J.(2019).ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide.OxfordUniversityPress.

3.MLAStyle

InMLAstyle,citationsinthetextincludetheauthor'slastnameandthepagenumber.Forexample:

AsSmithexplainsonpage15,"climatechangeposesasignificantthreattoourplanet"(Smith15).

Forsourceswithoutpagenumbers,usetheauthor'slastnameandashortened

Smitharguesthatclimatechangeisapressingissue("ClimateChange").

Theworkscitedlistattheendofthedocumentshouldincludeallthesourcescitedinthetext.Here'sanexampleentry:

Smith,J."ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide."OxfordUniversityPress,2019.

4.ChicagoStyle

1.JohnSmith,"ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide"(OxfordUniversityPress,2019),15.

ThebibliographyentrywouldbesimilartotheHarvardandAPAstyles:

Smith,John.ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide.OxfordUniversityPress,2019.

TheAuthorDatesystemissimilartoAPAstylebutincludesthepagenumberinparentheses:

Recentresearchhasshownthatclimatechangeisapressingissue(Smith2019,15).

5.VancouverStyle

TheVancouverstyleisoftenusedinmedicalandscientificfieldsandusesanumberingsystemforintextcitations,whichcorrespondtonumberedreferencesattheendofthedocument.Here'sanexample:

Climatechangeposesasignificantthreattoourplanet(1).

References

1.SmithJ.ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide.OxfordUniversityPress;2019.

6.TurabianStyle

TurabianstyleisasimplifiedversionofChicagostyleandisoftenusedstudentsandresearchers.ItalsooffersboththeNotesBibliographyandtheAuthorDatesystems.Here'sanexampleoftheAuthorDatesystem:

AccordingtoSmith(2019),climatechangeisapressingissuethatrequiresimmediateaction.

References

Smith,J.(2019).ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide.OxfordUniversityPress.

7.OxfordStyle

TheOxfordstyleusesfootnotesorendnotesandareferencelist.Here'sanexampleofafootnote:

1.JohnSmith,ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide(OxfordUniversityPress,2019),15.

Thereferencelistentrywouldbe:

Smith,John.ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide.OxfordUniversityPress,2019.

8.MHRAStyle

TheModernHumanitiesResearchAssociation(MHRA)styleisusedinthehumanitiesandsocialsciences.Itusesfootnotesforintextcitationsandabibliography.Here'sanexampleofafootnote:

1.JohnSmith,ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide(OxfordUniversityPress,2019),15.

Thebibliographyentrywouldbe:

Smith,John.ClimateChange:AComprehensiveGuide.Oxford