中考英语语法总结-王牌初中英语培训

首字母讲解问学生：你了解首字母吗？1.首字母出现在卷子的哪一部分？2.题号是？3.共几个？4.占几分？师：首字母的比重：首字母填空7个，14分，占阅读部分的28%，占试卷总分的9.3%测试内容1.文章短小、精致，字数通常100-150之间2.考查的单词涉及的词性较广，几乎涉及到了十大词类3.文中涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识4.短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等文体。解题步骤首字母填空三步走：1.通读短文2.判断词性，认真分析，解题技巧首字母五大技巧：1.依照固定搭配进行填词2.依照词性判断进行填词3.依照结构关键词进行填词4.依照句意理解进行填词5.依照高频词汇进行填词对“症”下“药”⑴依照固定词组搭配或固定的句式结构进行填词2012年一模崇明县、嘉定区、金山区、徐汇区、卢湾区、虹口区2013年一模崇明县、闸北区、金山区、徐汇区、杨浦区2014年一模崇明县、嘉定区、金山区、浦东新区、杨浦区练习1.W________hishelp,theoldmanwassafe.Theboythankedhimverymuch.2.…Itwasal________earlier.3.Thehealthierthoseteethare,theh________youlook.Whyisthat?4.Takeyourtimewhilebrushing.Spendatl_________3minuteseachtimeyoubrush.小结：固定搭配常考：动词，名词，介词，形容词等。所以，平时积累考纲词组很重要。⑵依照词性判断进行填词词性判断能帮助减少错误，快速得出答案且常考的九大词类当中，有三种词仅通过词性判断即能快速得出答案：代词，介词，连词原因：数量不多，但又是一模常考词类。介词连词代词2012年一模宝山、长宁、浦东、奉贤、闵行、普陀、青浦长宁、虹口、浦东、闸北宝山、浦东、奉贤、黄埔、普陀、2013年一模宝山、长宁、浦东、崇明、虹口、徐汇、金山崇明、奉贤、杨浦、浦东、闸北、虹口、静安奉贤、黄浦、静安2014年一模奉贤、虹口、徐汇、长宁、闵行崇明、杨浦、浦东、长宁、闸北奉贤2015年一模练习1.OneofthemostlovelyofHongKong’sanimalsisthebarkingdeer.Theyarebeautifullittleanimalsw____91____arichbrowncoatandawhitepatchunderthetail.（2012一模奉贤区）2.“B____89____everydogloverthereisastory,”saysDr.Davis.“Whydopeoplelovetheirdogssomuch?Ifyouheartheirstories,it’snotdifficulttounderstandwhy.”（2012一模普陀区）小结：连词位于句子间；介词位于名词前；代词用来做主宾语；another,other,every,one还可用来做定语。3.Thenyoucanr________withagoodstoryandhavearestquietly.4.H________,televisionhasnotkilledreading.Today,newspapersandmagazinessellinverylargenumbers.Andbooksofeverykindaresoldmorethaneverbefore.⑶依据结构关键词进行填词练习1.Imaginesittingdownatthedinnertableandb___86___servedabowlofworms.（2013宝山区）2.Therearesuggestionstoseparatethesexesandteachboysseparately.Thereisalsoa___92__tochangethecurriculumtomakeitmoreinterestingforboystoachievetheirgoals.（2013闵行区）3.Brushyourteetht__________aday–afterbreakfastandbeforebedtime.小结：巧用结构关键词并列关系：also,aswell,and,or,but,than,ratherthan,aswellas,from…to,insteadof等解释/说明关系：破折号、冒号、括号等⑷依据句意理解理解上下文是使用最多，最直接的方法。技巧：1.抓住句子主干（主谓宾）；2.准确分析从句（定从，宾从，状从）；3.把握文中的转折，否定，消极/积极语境；4.动手划出关键词，句；用括号标出从句。练习1.Atthatmomentofthebluecard____91____underthewater.（2013一模嘉定区）2.OneSundayafternoon,Mr.Whitedrovehisnewcartohisfriend’shousehappily.Hewantedtop________hisfriendupatfiveandthenwenttoseeanewmovietogether.小结：1.翻译句子，不是意会，是找到主谓宾，有代词的找出其指代的意思，准确翻译2.注意句子的结构分析，尤其是主从复合句。⑸依据高频词汇进行填词在做题没有思路，但是对单词词性有把握判断的时候，根据经验猜词，也是绝处逢生的好方法！如以o开头的高频词汇：动词：organize,order,own,open,operate,offer,obey,observe,etc.名词/代词：owner,opinion,organization,order,officer,ones,etc.形容词：official,other,own,ordinary,old,open,online,etc.副词：often,only,once,etc.练习1.Ofcourse,mirrorscouldbeusedo_______whenthesunwasshining.Atnight,Indiansusedfirearrowsforsignaling.（2012一模浦东新区）2.Sotheymoveout.Somedon’tgoveryfar,justalittlewayoutofthecity,tothetownsnearthecities.O________peoplemovetotherealcountryside,withsheepandcowsandgreenfields.（2014一模杨浦区）小结：高频词汇分两类，一是经常考到的词汇，二是考纲中量很少的词汇；在没有思路的情况下，将积累的高频词汇一一带入，意思合理的即是答案。高频词汇总结C开头的副词：completely,clearly,correctly,carefullyR开头的副词：rather,really,recently,rarelyK开头的动词：kill,know,kick,keep,knockH开头的副词：happily,hard,hardly,heavily,however阶梯训练法Step1:chunk训练法

出现频率很高,使用形式及使用的语境比较固定,就像一个板块一样,大于单词的结构都归于“词块”1.Maryhasn_________workedashardashersister.2.Theproblemissod___________thatnoonecanworkout.3.Thosewhoknowtheanswertothequestioncanraiseyourh__________.Step2:在本句中寻找信息1.U___________,itisnotaverygoodjob,…(03年中考)2.Oneday,Jefftoldhisfriendthathe’dfalleninloveandplannedtogetmarriedthen___________months.（04年中考）3.Asyourreadingimproves,youwillprobablyfindyourschoolworkbecomesmuche___________.（05年中考）4.Iaskedhimw___________hewasgoingandhesaidhewasgoingtowork.（06年中考）5.Thenwestartedtalkingaboutschooldaysandthepeoplewebothusedtok___________.（06年中考）6.IliveherewithmyhusbandJoeandourt___________children,Patrick,11,and,Abby,8.（08年中考）Step3:在句群中寻找信息1.Mostofmyfriendslikeloudmusicthattheycandanceto.Ipreferq___________,traditionalmusic,sotheconcertsuitedmeverywell.2.Ifyoureadasahobbyyouwillgetbetterandbetteratit.Thism___________thatyouwillreadfasterandwillbecomebetteratunderstandingwhatyouread.3.Somepeoplesaythatreadingisoutofdate.Thisisnottrue.Youhavetobeabletoreadtouseacomputerand,thebetteryouread,thebetteryourcomputerskillswillbe.Readingish___________outofdate!（05年中考）4.Hi!MynameisStephenandIliveinasmallflatinLondon.Ichosetoliveherebecausethereisneverab___________momentinacitylikeLondon.I’manartstudentandthebusylifeinacitydoesgoodtomypainting.（08年中考）Step4:在段落中寻找信息1.Readingbooksisagoodhobbyforallkindsofreasons.

First,…

Next,…

A___________goodreasonforreadingisthatitisuseful.…2.…Ofcourse,London,likeanylargecity,hasp___________,too.Londonersdon’tchatontheundergroundorthebusandthereismuchlesscommunityspiritthaninthecountry,wheremyparentslive.Infact,theydon’tunderstandhowIcanputupwiththenoisepollution,andtrafficjams.…3.Ofcourse,countrylifealsohasw___________points.Wefeelisolatedsometimes,too,especiallysincethenearestneighborsarealmost100kmaway.…4.Intheearly1930s,peopleintheUSoftendidnotknowwhenorwheretheirnextmealwas.Soassoonastheygotsomethingintheirhandthatcouldbeeaten,itwouldgointotheirmouth.Thatwashowpeoplebegantousetheidiom“livinghandtomouth”tomean“livingap___________life”.5.TherearemanyidiomsinEnglish.Ifyoulearntousethem,yourEnglishwillbemuchmorevividandcolorful.Haveyoueverheardtheidiom“Heboughtthefarm?”Itmeanshedied.Doyouknowhowitbecamepopular?Itwasf___________usedinWorldWarI.Whenasoldierdied,thegovernmentgavehisfamilyenoughmoneytobuyafarm.小结：首字母解题五大技巧是什么？高分妙招，学霸都知道：做完首字母后要检查1.动词形态（形式、时态/语态）2.名词单复数，大小写3.形容词副词比较级最高级首字母填空的“三级警报”1.“一级警报”：动词原形危险系数：高危在首字母填空中填入动词原形属于高度危险的一级警报。在填入动词时，必须考虑到动词的人称和时态变化。【例】Allofasudden,Iwascrowdedbyagroupofpeoplewhoomesupportandgavemestrengthtofacemydifficulties.【解析】空格中填入的词应是动词的过去式，与and之后的gave相对应。因此，此题的正确答案是offered【注】在首字母填空中，填入动词原形也是有可能的，例如在情态动词之后或者在makesb.dosth.这样的宾语补足语结构中，需要填入动词原形。2.“二级警报”：可数名词的单数危险系数：中危在首字母填空中，如果空格之前没有a或an，那么在空格中填入可数名词的单数属于中度危险的二级警报。在填入可数名词时，必须考虑到可数名词的单复数。【例】Atmybirthdayparty,hegavemebeautifulfasmybirthdaypresent.【解析】很多同学会想到空格中应填入flower.然而，flower是可数名词，在此题中，没有a或者量词修饰flower，因此，必须填入flower的复数形式flowers.3.“三级警报”：形容词和副词的原级危险系数：低危在首字母填空中，填入形容词和副词的原级也具有一定的危险性，形容词和副词原级属于低度危险的三级警报。在一些情况下，需要填入形容词和副词的比较级或者最高级。【例】Thegardenisverybeautiful.Ihaveneverseenanone.【解析】填入空格的词应该是与beautiful相对应的nice。但是，Ihaveneverseenanone.是一句否定句，而在空格之前又出现了不定冠词a，按照英语的表达习惯，在否定句中，不定冠词a加形容词的比较级具有最高级的意义。因此，空格中应填入nicer.后半句句子的意思是：我从来没见过更漂亮的一个花园。言下之意即是：这是我见过的最漂亮的花园。首字母填空练习D.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（14分）passagehorriblecrashedfelldownflamesoppositedroppedpickeditupdirectionscreameddifficultyrecognizingAfire(中等)“Fire!Fire!”Whathorriblewordstohearwhenonewakesupinastrangehouseinthemiddleofthenight!Itwasalarge,woodenhouseandmyroomwasonthetopfloor.Ijumpedoutofbed,openedthedoorands92outintothepassage.Itwasfullofthicksmoke.Ibegantorun,butasIwasstillonlyhalfawake,insteadofgoingtowardsthestairsIwentintheoppositedirection.Thesmokegrewt93andIcouldseeflamesallaroundandthefloorbecamehotundermybarefeet.Ifoundanopendoorandranintoaroomtogettothewindow.ButbeforeIcouldreachit,oneofmyfeetwascaughtinsomethingsoftandIfelldown.ThethingIhadfelloverwasl94abundleofclothes,andIpickedituptoprotectmyfacefromsmokeandheat.JustthenthefloorgavewayundermeandIcrashedtothebelowwithpiecesofwoodallaroundme.Isawaflamingdoorwayinfront,putthebundleofclothesovermyfaceandran.Thefirearoundmyfeetburnedmet95,butIgotthrough.AsIreachedthecoldairoutside,mybundleofclothesgaveathincry.Inearlydroppeditinmys96.ThenIsawacrowdgatheredinthestreet.Awomaninanightdressandaborrowedman’scoatscreamedwhenshesawmeandcamerunningmadly.“Mybaby!Mybaby!”shecried.Thecrowdcheeredwidelyasshetookthesmokebundleoutofmya97.Ihadsomedifficultyinrecognizingher.ShewasMayor’swife,andIhads98herbaby.Iwasahero.首字母首字母单词词性词义考点难度系数Ssteppedv.迈步此句表一系列动作：先下床再开门，然后该走出去☆tthickera.更厚的主语是烟，烟变的厚可以想出，但是想到用比较级是比较难把握的☆☆☆llikeprep.像主要根据句意：这个东西像一捆衣服☆☆tterriblyadv.严重地本句不缺少成分，很明显是要填副词，形容火是怎么样烧我的脚的词☆☆ssurprisen.惊讶本句中说：我几乎要掉了这捆东西，看出我很是吃惊☆aarmsn.手臂比较简单，是从我的手臂里拿走☆ssavedv.救从后句中：我是个英雄，看出是我救了这个孩子☆特点：1.词性为v.(2);n.(2);adj.(1);adv.(1);prep.(1)2.3个s，2个t3.考点基本是根据上下文的理解进行猜测，其中93题容易出错4.其中92和96是词组

课外练习首字母专项C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考HP-2014A)Doyougetangrywhenyourfriendssingloudlywhileyouaretryingtoworkorwhenyourbestfrienddoesnotwaitforyouafterschool?Ifyoudo,youneedtotakecontrolofyourfeelings.Gettingangrywithotherscancauseyoutol____81____friends.GrayEgeberg,anAmericanhighschoolteacher,haswrittenabooknamedMyFeelingsAreLikeWildAnimalstohelpyoucontrolyourfeelings.Thebooktellshowtostaycoolwhenb____82____thingshappen.Thebooksaysthatgettingangryonlymakesproblemsw____83____.Itcannevermakethembetter.“Gettingangryisnotanaturalwaytoact,”thebooksays.“It’sjustahabit,likesmoking.”Thebooksaysyoucancontrolyourfeelingse____84____...allyouhavetodoistotellyourselfnottobeangry.Thebookgivesmanytipstohelpyouifyougetangryfrequently.Herearethetopthree.●Keepar____85____.Everytimeyougetangry,writedownwhyyouareangry.Lookatitlaterandyouwillseeyougetangrysooften.●Askyourfriendstos____86____talkingtoyouwhenyougetangry.Leaveyoualone.Thiswillteachyounottobeangry.●Dosomethingd____87____.Whenyougetangry,walkawayfromtheproblemandgosomewhereelse.Trytolaugh.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考JA/QP-2014A)Whoismanagingthingsinyourtownorcity?Someonerepairsabrokenwindowinthelibrary.Someonemakessurethetrafficlightswork.Someonepumpscleanwaterintopipes.Someonec____81____fortheanimalsinthezoo.Thepeoplewhodothesejobsarepartofthegovernment.Inmosttownsorcities,theyworkforthemayor.Themayorworkswithothero____82____.Theymanagethecityandmakesurethattheworkgetsdone.Theyfixoldthings,likeroadsandbridges.Theybuildnewthings,likeschoolsandparks.Ifpeoplec____83____,theylistencarefully.Thentheychangethingsthatarewrong.Forexample,ifalawisn’tf____84____tosomepeople,theychangeit.Theytrytodowhatthepeoplewant.ElectionDayisreportcardtime!Ifpeoplethinkthecitygovernmentisdoingfine,theymightk____85____thesamemayor.Ifthereareproblems,theymightelectanewmayor.OnElectionDay,peoplegotodifferentplacestovote.Thenallthevotesarec____86____.Themayormaywinorlose.Forthewinner,thereislotsofexcitement!Thereisabigpartywithballoonsf____87____intheair.Thenextday,it’stimetorunthecityortownagain.Themayormustdoagoodjob.Theofficemembersmustworkhard,too.Afterall,inafewyears,therewillbeanotherElectionDay.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考PD-2014A)Youknowthateatingasensibledietandgettingplentyofexercisehelpmakeyourbodyhealthyandstrong.Butdoyouknowthattherearewaystomakeyourbrainhealthierandsmarter?Herearesevenstepstowardasmarterbrain.LimityourTVviewingNeverspendtoomuchtimeonTVviewing,foritn____81____verylittlebrainactivities.Yourbrainwillbecomeweakjustasyourmusclesdo.IfyoudowatchTV,choosesomethingeducationalandmeaningful.TravelTravellingtoa____82____countryforcesyoutoseeanddothingsinafreshway,bringingstimulationtothebrain.LearnanewlanguageLearninganewlanguageinvolvesdifferentlearningmethods.Learningalanguagesharpensyourbrainandhelpspreventmemoryp____83____thatyoumaymeetinlateryears.ReadoftenAsyouread,takethetimetolookuppeopleorplacesthataren’tfamiliar.Readingmakesyourvocabularymuchl____84____ifyoualwayssearchforwordsanddefinitionsthatyoudon’tknow.Eachweek,chooseananimal,abirdorafish,andreadeverythingyoucanaboutit.Stretchyourbrainasyoubecomeanexpertonthesubject.Calculatew____85____youshopAsyouputthingsinyourgrocerycart,totaleverythinginyourhead.Seehowcloseyougettotheactualtotal.Useyournon-dominant(不占优势的)handIfyouareright-handed,useyourlefthandforeverydayactivities,oruseyourrighthandifyouareleft-handed.Doingfamiliarthingsinadifferentwaywillmakeyourbrainc____86____newneural(神经)networks.Wechat(微信)!Readmessagesfrompeoplewhohasdifferentinterests.Andsomesaythatlearningtoexpressy____87____injust100wordsisagreatbrainchallenge.Haveatryanddotheseeveryday.Littlebylittleyoucangetintothehabitofchallengingyourbrain,andmakeyourbrainsmarter!C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考XH-2014A)Mostpeopleknowthatintelligencequotient(IQ)isimportant,butEQisprobablymoreimportantindailylife.Whenfacinganexam,EQhelpsustomanageourfeelings.Whengettingalongwithfriendsorparents,EQhelpsustoc____81____well.EQisshapedpartlybygenetics（基因）.Youcanseesomebabiesarequiet,whileothersarenot.B____82____,EQissomethingyoucanlearnforyourself.Youcanlearnwhatdifferentfeelingsmightmeanandhowtheyrelatetoyourselfandothers.Ifwelearnintherightway,ourEQcangetbetteraswegetolder.ChildrenwithahighEQusuallyhavegreatersuccesswithmakingfriends.HavingahighEQneedsafewdifferentskills.Learningabouttheseskillscanhelpustoi____83____ourEQ.Butwhatarethey?Let’stakealook!1.KnowyourselfMostpeoplefeelmanydifferentfeelingst____84____theday.Somefeelingslikesurpriselastjustafewseconds.Others,likehappinessandsadness,maystayaroundmuchl____85____.BeingabletorecognizetheseeverydayfeelingsisthemostbasicofallEQskills.2.ManageyourselfWeallgetangry.Weallhavedisappointments.Butweneedtocontrolit.Itisnotalwaystherighttimeorplacetoexpressourfeelings.Whenyouareangrywithsomeone,takeadeepbreathands____86____countto10.Thisway,youcancalmdown.3.EncourageyourselfWhenyoufailanexam,youmaybedisappointed.Butthereissomethingmoreeffectiveyoucando–learntoencourageyourself.Itgivesyoutheenergyandc____87____tomoveon.Ithelpsyoutobuildastrongheart.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考YP-2014A)Movingout,movingbackInthecountriesallovertheworld,peopleareleavingthecountrysideinhugenumberstofindjobsinthecities.Theyleaveb____81____thecountrysideismuchpoorerthanthecityandoftenthereisn’tmuchworkthere.S____82____suchastransport,entertainment,hospitalsandschoolsareusuallymuchbetterincitiesthantheyareinthecountry.Theyhopethattheirliveswillimprovewhentheymovetothecity.ButinthebigcitiesofEuropeandAmerica–London,Paris.NewYork,peoplearemovingoutofthecity.Theseareusuallyfamilieswhohavesomemoney,andwanttoliveaquieterlife.Theygett____83____ofthenoiseanddirtofthecity,thecrowdedstreets,crowdedtrainsandbuses.Theydon’twanttositintrafficanymore.Theywantahousewithagarden,andcleanairthatisn'tP____84____.Sotheymoveout.Somedon'tgoveryfar,justalittlewayoutofthecity,tothetownsnearthecities.O____85____peoplemovetotherealcountryside,withsheepandcowsandgreenfields!There,theystarttheirnewlivesandtrytomakenewfriends.Notallthosewhomovefromthecitytothecountrysidearchappy.Aftertwoorthreeyears,manypeoplewhohavedonethisfeelthatitwasabigm____86____.Theydon'tmakeasmuchmoneyandthereisn'tmuchtodo.Countrypeopleareverydifferentandaren'talwaysveryfriendly.Asaresult,quitealotofpeoplewhohavemovedtothecountrysidemovebacktothecity.“It’sw____87____toseecrowdsinthestreetsandcinemalights”theysay.‘I’msogladI'mbackinthecity!”C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考HK-2014A)IheardastoryaboutanolderwomanwhostoodinlineatthePostOffice.Shec____81____withayoungmannexttoher.Theyoungmann____82____thatshehadnopackagetomail,andaskedwhyshewasstandinginline.Shesaidthatshejustneededafewstamps.“Ma’am,youmustbetiredstandinghere.Doyouknowthere’sastampmachineoverthereinthecorner?”Hep____83____tothemachinebuiltintothewall.“Thankyou,”theladyreplied,“butI’lljustwaitherealittleI____84____.I’mgettingclosetothewindow.”“Butitwouldbesomuche____85____foryounottostandinthislonglineandbuyyourstampsfromthemachine.”Thewomansmiledandanswered,“Oh,Iknow.Butthatoldmachinewouldn____86____askmehowmygrandchildrenaregettingalong.”Shehadaneedgreaterthantheneedf____87____postagestamps–aneedtofeelconnectedtootherpeople.Anditwasaneedthatcouldnotbemetbyastampmachine.C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考CN-2014A)Imaginethis:romanceisallaroundyou,youhavemetandfalleninlovewiththemostwonderfulperson.Theonlytroubleis,youarenotathome,youareinacompletelydifferentpartofthew____81____.Howdoyouletthatspecialpersonknowhowyoufeel?FranceTheonlyplacetosay'JET'AIME'(Iloveyou)isonaParisbridgeinthemoonlight.IfyoureallywanttogofortrueFrenchstyle,youwillneedtodressverysmartlyandgotoafashionableFrenchrestauranta____82____youhavesaidthemagicalwords.JapanThecherryblossomseasonisthemostromantictimeofayearinJapan.I____83____yourboyfriend/girlfriendinthepolitestwaypossible(youshouldalwaysbeaspoliteaspossibleinJapan!),setupanicelittlepicnicu____84____acherryblossomtreeandsay'SUKYO'.RussiaItmightbeminus6degreeswhenyousay'YATYEBYALYUBLYU',butthes____85____willbefallingaroundyouinStPetersburg.Thereisnoscenemoreromantic,andyouwon'tevenfeelthecold–yourheartwillbesow____86____inside!IndonesiaGosurfingontheIndonesiawatersofSumatraandseetheboyorgirlofyourdreams.Wakeuptoabeautifulsunrise,gosurfinginthecoolwatersalldayandr____87____intheevenings.AnytimeisOKtosay'SAYACINTAPADAMU'!Whereveryoucomefrom,onlysay'Iloveyou'whenyoutrulymeanit.Theymayonlybethreelittlewords,buttheyarepowerfulwordsinanylanguage!C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考PD-2015A)Manyandherhusband,RichardGoldman,lovedbooks.Likemanyloversofbooks,they(81)s___________walkedpastabookstorewithoutstoppingtolookinside.Theyoftentalkedofopeningtheirownstoreoneday.Inordertorealizetheir(82)w___________,theystartedbytalkingtobookstoreownersandresearchingbookbusiness.OnefigurecaughtMary’sattention:Shehadreadsomewherethatabout20percentofbookssoldweremysteries(推理小说),andmanybuyersofmysteriesspentmorethan$300ayearonbooks.SheandRichardthemselvesweremystery(83)r___________andhadabigcollectionofsuchbooks.OnHallowing1992,theyopenedtheMysteryLoversBookshopandCaféneartheirhome.Withthreechildrenincollege,itwas(84)i___________forthecoupletospendallthefamily’smoneytostartashop.Tocoverthe$100,000cost,theyusedsomeoftheirsavings,borrowedfromrelativesandfromabank.Inorderto(85)a___________customers,Maryalwayshadnewways.Theshophadacoffeebaranditofferedpresentstomysteryloversandserveddinnersforbookclubsthatmetinthestore.Shealsoinvitedmanywritersto(86)d___________theirstorieswiththebuyerstoletthemunderstandthestoriesbetter.Nowafterpayingtaxes,businesscostsandthesixpart-timesalesclerks,RichardandMarytogetherearnabout$34,000.“Thejobwelovemaynotgohandinhandwithlotsofmoney,”saysRichard.“Wedothistogivean(87)e___________lifetoourselves.Thisisnotaboutmakingalotofmoney.Whatmattersisthatwegainhappinessfromit.”D.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):（14分）(参考PT-2014A)Whenhewasateenager,HunterAdamswasveryunhappy,andhespentmanyyearsinthe1960sand1970sinahospitalforpeoplewithmentalhealthproblem.Whenhelthehospital,Adamsdecidedtobecomeadoctor,sobewenttomedicalschoolinthestateofVirginia,intheU.S.Thereheoftendidthingsdifferentlyfromthedoctorsandotherstudents.Forexample,hedidn'tlikethedoctor'swcoats,soheworeshirtswithflowersonthemwhenhevisitedhispatients.Healsotriedtomakethemhappy.Thedoctorsatthemedicalschooldidn'tlikeAdamsbecausehewastoodifferent.ButAdamsbelievedthatpeopleinahospitalneedmorethanm.Hesawthatpatientswerelonelyandunhappy.Hetriedtohelpthem,notjustaspatientsbutaspeople,too.Hespentalotoftimewithchildreninthehospital.Heoftenputonaredrosetolooklikeaclownandtomakethechildrenl.Whenhefinishedmedicalschoolandbecameadoctor,AdamsandsomeotherdoctorsbegananorganizationcalledtheGesundheitInstitute.Oneoftheirgistobuildaclinicandteachingcenter.Itwillbeaplacewithadifferentwayofworkingwithsickpeople.HunterAdamsbecamefduringthe1980s,andin1998,UniversalPicturesmadeasuccessfulmaboutAdams’slifecalledPatchAdams.RobinWilliamsplayedAdams.Williamssaid,“Hunterisareallywarmperson,whobelievesthatpatientsneedadoctorwhoisafriend.Ienjoyplayinghim.”C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考ZB-2014A)ThestorybehindtheshoppingcartCharactersSylvanGoldman–ownerofagroceryshopFredYoung–Sylvan’sfriend,amechanic(机械师)Onenightin1936,inanAmericancity.InsideFred’sworkshop,SylvansitsnexttoFred,whoismakingadjustments(调试)totheirnewi–ashoppingcart.Sylvan: Mycustomersdon’tlikeourshoppingcart.Fred: Really?Sotheypshoppingwiththoseheavybaskets?Sylvan: (nods)I’vegotahugecrowdofcustomerseveryday,bnoneofthemwantstousethecart.Fred: Idon’tunderstand.Weinventedthecartsothatpeopledon’tneedtocarryabasketaroundtheshop.Sylvan: (laughs)Andsothattheywillbuymoregroceries!Fred: Sowhydon’ttheyliketheshoppingcart?Sylvan: Youngmenthinkthatpushingacartaroundmakesthemlookwandslow,andyoungwomenthinkit’sunfashionable.Fred: Ofcourseitisn’tfashionablerightnow.It’sonlyjustbeeninvented!ButI’msureolderpeoplewillappreciateit.Sylvan: Um…Fred: What?Theydon’tlikethecarte?Sylvan: Well,theythinkpushingitmakesthemlookhelpless!Fred: Ohno.Weneedtodosomething,Fred.Wecan’tjustguponthisinvention!Sylvan: Wewon’t.(Hegetsupandwalksaroundtheroom.Suddenly,hestops.)Aha!I’vegotanidea.Fred: Whatisit?Sylvan: I’llhiresomegood-lookingguysandgirlstopushthecartsaroundandpretendthey’reshopping.Fred: Oh!Sotherealshopperswillseetheseattractivepeopleusingthecartsandthink,“Hey,ifit’sgoodenoughforthem,it’sgoodenoughforme!”Sylvan: E.Fred: Hey!Maybeyoucouldgetoneofthegirlstogreetyourcustomersandencouragethemtousethecart.Sylvan: Greatidea!C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）(参考BS-2014A)Therearedifferentwaysoftellingastory.Itcanbetoldinwords,inpictures,inmusic,andactedo,oritcanbetoldbystillanotherway–bydancing.Dancingthattellsastoryiscalledaballet（芭蕾舞).Thedancinginaballetisdonetomusic,butthestoryistoldbythemovementsofthedancers.Thereisnosingingandspeakinginit.Aballetisaworkofartjustasabeautifulpicture.Theoriginofballetdbackabout600yearsago,whichbeganasakindofentertainmentinthecourtsoftherulersinItaly.TwohundredyearslaterballetwadpopularintheFrenchcourt.TheFrenchKingLouisXIVfoundedaballetschool.LatertherulersofRussiabecameinterestedinballet.TheyofferedlargeamountsofmoneytothebestballetmastersanddancersofFrance.Theyalsosetuptheirownballetschoolsanddancecompanies(舞蹈团).SoonRussiansproducedmanyfamousballets.“SwanThebasicpositions(姿势)andtechniquesofballetweredevelopedlongago.Overthecenturies,choreographers（编舞者）haverevised（修改）theclassicaltechniques,butthebasicpositionshaveremainedthesame.Whenyoubeginlearningthestepsandposes（舞姿）ofballet,youwillrealizethatmostofthemhaveFrenchnames.Forexample,apartofaballetthatisdancedbyjusttwopeopleiscalledpas-de-deux(芭蕾双人舞).MostoftheFrenchtermshavebeencthroughouttheyears.Balletdancingisknownforitsgraceandelegance,asballerinas(芭蕾舞女演员)seemtoglide（滑行）acrossthestagealmosteffortlessly（不费力地）.Balletdancersstrivetoappeartallandlightontheirfeet.Femaledancersraisethemselvesevenhigherbygoingupontheirtoeswithpointeshoes（足尖鞋）.Probablythemostimportantpartofaballetdancer'sequipmentisballetshoes.Afterseveralyearsofpropert,somefemaleballetdancerswearpointeshoestomakethemappearlighterandmoredelicate.Pointeshoesmakeitpossibleforballerinastodanceonthetipsoftheirtoes.Thefirstballetwasperformedover500yearsago.Mentdancedtheleadingroles,