中考英语语法系列复习专题 名词

语法系列复习专题一-----名词名词的分类专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,China,BillClinton,RedCross个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如

student,book名普可数名词词通集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family,school,group,people名词不可数名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton,air,tea抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如:work，happiness,news2．名词的复数可数名词有单、复数形式，其复数的构成规则如下：绝大多数在词尾加s。如：book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。如：watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;box,boxes;tomato,tomatoes下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数：piano,photo,radio,zoo,bamboo,kilo3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加es。例如：baby,babies;family,families;以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s。例如：boy,boys;key,keys

4）以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe改为v，再加es构成复数形式，如：leaf,leaves;wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s构成复数，常见的有：roof,chief,belief,gulf等。个别的两种方式都可以，如：handkerchiefs,handkerchieves5）少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，要一一背记：man→men;woman→women;Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;tooth→teeth;child→children;mouse→mice少数名词的单、复数形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注：fishes表不同种类的鱼)6）复合名词：A.含man或woman的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式。如：twomenteachers,fourwomendoctorsB.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式，如：lookers-on旁观者，editors-in-chief总编辑,passers-by过路人C.如果没有主体名词，就在词尾后加s。如：grown-ups成年人，go-betweens中间人7）以复数形式出现的名词：trousers,glasses眼镜，scales天平，savings储蓄，findings调查结果，doings行为，surroundings环境，arms武器，fireworks烟火，remains残余，thanks感谢，riches财富，ashes灰烬，stairs楼梯8）有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式。例如：takepains下功夫,madepreparations作准备，giveregardsto问候2.名词的所有格1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。其构成多在词尾加上“’s”,如：Tom’sbike,Marx’sworks以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾后加“’”或“’s”。如：Engels’/Engels’sworks以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。如：students’homework,aworkers’nightschool一所工人夜校，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“’s”。如：men’sclothes男士衣服children’sbooks儿童读物如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。例如：TomandMike’sroom汤姆和迈克合住的房间Tom’sandMike’srooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop,house等名词。如：thetailor’s裁缝店，thebarber’s理发店，gotothedoctor’s上诊所，atmyuncles在我叔叔家表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示所有格。如：today’snewspaper,halfanhour’srest,twoweeks’work,tenminutes′walk,China’spopulation,Shanghai’sindustry表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系。如：thestudentsoftheirschool,theteachersofGrade2表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词，常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属关系。例如：Heisanoldfriendofmyfather’s.ThisisapictureofMary’s.考点分析Hegainedhis_______byprinting_______offamouswritersA.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.weaths;workD.wealth;works2.Manypeopleagreethat_______knowledgeofEnglishisamustin______internationaltradetoday.A.a;×B.the;anC.the;theD.×;the3.Oh,John_____yougaveus!A.HowagreatsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise4.Shebrokea_______whileshewaswashingup.A.glasswineB.wineglassC.wine’sglassD.glassofwine5.________terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa6.Shortlyaftertheaccident,two_______policeweresenttothespottokeeporder.A.dozensofB.dozensC.dozens’ofD.dozen7.I’lllookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittle______.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest8.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askthemtoleavea_________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice专题练习1._________fromBeijingtoLondon!A.HowlongwayitisB.WhatalongwayisitC.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis2.We’veworkedouttheplan,andnowwemustputitinto________.A.factB.practiceC.realityD.deed3.Electrcity,likeotherformsof________,hasgreatlyincreasedinprice.A.pressureB.forceC.strengthD.energy4．Thatfellowisclever;hehas___________.A.brainB.abrainC.thebrainD.brains5.Juliewenttothe________tobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoe’sstoreC.shoestoreD.shoes’store6.Those______tooklotsof______intheSummerPalace.A.Germen;photoesB.Germen;photosC.Germans;photosD.Germans;photoes7.Allpossiblemeans__________tosavethehero.A.hastriedB.havetriedC.hasbeentriedD.havebeentried8.——Whosecarisit?——It’s________.A.TomandMaryB.Tom’sandMary’sC.Tom’sandMaryD.TomandMary’s9.Thereare5____inthfields.A.headsofcattlesB.headsofcattleC.headofcattlesD.headofcattle10.Heistheverythiefthepolice________lookingfor.A.isB.areC.hasD.have11.AllbutJack__________herejustnow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were12.Heknowsalmosteverything.Sowesayheisamanofmany_________.A.knowlegesB.presentsC.giftsD.rewards13.Carelessnessistheusual__________offire.A.wayB.excuseC.causeD.reason14.Thegirlisquite________tohermothernow.A.ahelpB.helpsC.helpD.helpness15._______iscomingtogiveusalecture.A.AmanagerandanexpertB.AmanagerandexpertC.ManagerandexpertD.Managerandanexpert16.Mostofthebridgesovertheriveraremadeof__________.A.stoneB.thestoneC.astoneD.thestones17.Ifyouhurther_________,youshouldapologize.A.feelingsB.feelC.feelsD.feeling18.I’llgoandcallat__________rightafterschool.A.thedoctorB.theSmithsC.SmithD.myuncle’s19.Theshopwillbeclosedduring_________.A.repairsB.arepairC.repairD.repairing20.The________wesawyesterdaycomeouttothefarmonceinawhile.A.mouseB.deerC.dogD.cow21.Mybrotherdidn’tfindarmylifetohis__________.A.likeB.tasteC.qualityD.favour22.Thoughtheyhadn’tmetforlong,herecognizedher___________.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.laughter23.Learningthattheyweretohaveapicnic,thechildrenwerein_______.A.thehighspiritB.highspiritsC.ahighspiritD.highspirit24.After_______silence,theybegantowriteletterstoeachother.A.three-yearB.athree-yearC.threeyearsD.threeyearss25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller__________.A.copyB.pairC.pieceD.set26.