语法盘点-倒装、强调、省略、插入语

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载PAGEPAGE2学习好资料欢迎下载倒装句、强调句、省略句、插入语小盘点——2009-10-一、倒装句型考点聚焦完全倒装当表地点的here,there，表时间的now,then和表方位变化的副词up,down,in,out,off,away放在句首时。谓语动词常用come,go,lie,run等表位移的动词，该动词不用进行时。〖温馨提示〗代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。当表地点的介词短语放在句首时。Infrontofthehousestandsabigtree.如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用完全倒装。若主语为代词，则不倒装。“Let’sgo,”saidtheman/hesaid.在“Therebe…”结构中，此结构中的be还可以用seem,appear,stand,lie,live,exist,remain等来代替。在主系表结构中，把表语提前以示强调。结构为“表语（形容词/过去分词/介词短语）+系动词+主语”。Presentatthemeetingwere…出席会议的有……Gonearethedayswhen……的日子一去不复返了。AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.部分倒装具有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装。常见的这类词或短语有not,little,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,scarcely,nowhere,bynomeans,innoway,atnotime,undernocircumstances等。用于nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,notuntil…句型中。Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishedhishomework.Nosoonerhasshegoneoutthanthetelephonerang.当so,neither,nor表示前面的所说的情况也适用于后者放在句首时。肯定用so，否定用neither或nor。Hehasn’tfinishhiswork,nor/neitherhaveI.TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.〖温馨提示〗①当so引出的句子是对上文内容表示肯定或赞同时，不用倒装。②若前面含有两种以上，如既有实义动词又有情态动词，或既有肯定也有否定的情况，则用Itisthesamewith…或Soitiswith…—Itwasveryhotyesterday.—Soitwasandsoisittoday.Hecamelateforschool,buthewasnotpunished.Soitwaswithme./Itisthesamewithme.当only修饰状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）放在句首时。〖温馨提示〗①当only强调主语时，不倒装。②如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。OnlythendidIrealizeIwaswrong.OnlyinthiswaycanwemasterEnglish.OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.so/such…that…句型中的so/such位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装。Sofrightenedwashethathedidn’tdaretogoout.Suchalovelygirlisshethateveryonelikesher.在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should时，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，用部分倒装。WereIyou,Iwouldtryagain.Shoulditraintomorrow,Ishouldstayindoors.Hadhefollowedmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceed.用于“形容词/副词/名词/动词+as/though”引导的让步状语从句中。〖温馨提示〗如果表语是名词时，名词前不用任何冠词。Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.Prettyassheis,sheisnotclever.Childasheis,heknowsalot.在某些表示祝愿的句型中。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！Mayyouallbehappy!祝大家幸福！二、强调句型考点聚焦基本结构：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who…一般疑问句：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who…特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat…not…until…的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil…that…如果要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does/did。Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.用onearth,intheworld短语放在疑问词之后，进行强调。Whereonearth/intheworlddidyougolastnight?强调句型和几个相似句型的比较Itis/was+表语+that…Itis/was+过去分词+that…Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…Itwas/willbe+时间段+before…Itis/was+序数词+that…Itbe+时间+when…Itisnecessarythatwemasteraforeignlanguage.It’sgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.Itwon’tbelongbeforesherecovers.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.Itwasaboutnoonwhenwegotthere.Itwasataboutnoonthatwegotthere.三、省略考点聚焦在从属连词if,unless,when,while,until/till,though,eventhough/if,as,asif,than等所引导的状语从句中，如果状语从句的谓语有be，同时主语与从句主语一致或是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。Hepickedupawalletwhilewalkinginthestreet.I’llgotohelpyouifnecessary.Wefinishedthetasktwodaysearlierthanexpected.〖特别提醒〗before和after引导时间状语从句时，通常不采用以上省略形式。如果从句主语和主句主语一致，可把before/after用作介词，后面跟动词或名词形式。Hegraduallyrecoveredafterbeingtreatedforatime.Youmustfinishyourworkfirstbeforegoingouttoplay.省略一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（不可用it或that）。动词不定式的省略：在一定的语境中，在某些动词（want,wish,hope,like,love等）之后，为了避免重复，常只保留to，省略不定式结构中的其余部分。〖特别提醒〗如果是tobe或tohavedone结构，则在进行省略时需在to之后保留be或have。语境省略和语篇省略语境省略：在对话中，交谈双方都知道所谈论的对象或内容，则可以依据情节进行必要的省略，被省略部分可根据语境补出。—Let’sgototheseasidethisweekend.—______agoodidea.A.SoundB.SoundingC.SoundsD.Sounded—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm_____weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where语篇省略：为避免重复，依靠上下文的省略现象；能在上下文中找到省略部分。Tomhasgonehome,butIdon’tknowwhy(hehasgonehome).四、插入语考点聚焦单词插入语（多为副词）：indeed,surely,still,otherwise，certainly,however,generally,personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly等。短语插入语：infact,inone’sopinion,ingeneral,inaword,inotherwords,ofcourse,bytheway,asaresult,forexample,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,toone’ssurprise,短语插入语：infact,inone’sopinion,ingeneral,inaword,infact,inone’sopinion,ingeneral,inaword,inotherwords,ofcourse,bytheway,asaresult,forexample,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,toone’ssurprise,inshort,asamatteroffact,inconclusion,inbrief,orrather,mostimportantofall,sureenough等。V-ing（短语）作插入语。常见的有：generallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,talkingof,considering等。不定式短语作插入语。常见的有：tobefrank，tobehonest，tobesure，totellyouthetruth，tomakemattersworse，tosumup，tostartwith，tobeginwith等。句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）作插入语。能用作插入语的句子有：Iamsure,Ibelieve,Ithink,Iknow,Isuppose,Ihope,I’mafraid,yousee,what’smore,thatistosay,believeitornot等。doyouthink等常可作为插入语用于特殊疑问句中。其句型为：疑问词+doyouthink+其他（正常语序）。常用于这种结构中的动词有think,guess,suggest,suppose,believe,imagine等。五、Therebe句型Therebe句型中的常用动词。除了动词be之外，还可以用seem,appear,exist,stand,lie,rain,remain等动词Therebe句型中的主谓一致。主语和谓语be必须在数上一致。如果有两个以上的主语，谓语依最近的主语而定。Therebe+主语+非谓语（todo/doing/done）六、主谓一致考点聚焦（一）就近原则在由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,whether…or…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数采用就近原则。Therebe结构中如果有两个和两个以上的主语时，采用就进原则。（二）语法一致原则由and连接名词的情况主语由and或both…and…连接时，表示不同的人或事物，谓语动词用复数。and连接的两个名词表示同一人或物时，谓语用单数。Thesingerandactress________(be)cominghere.and连接的两个名词表示同一概念时，谓语用单数。Allworkandnoplay_______(make)Jackadullboy.主语中含有each,every等时的情况由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every,manya修饰时，谓语用单数。Everywomanandeveryman_______(is)atwork.由each修饰的名词作主语时，谓语用单数；而each位于复数主语后作同位语时，谓语用复数。Eachstudent______(have)anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Theyeach_______(give)apresent.every,either,neither,theother,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing等作主语时，谓语一般用单数。all作主语，如果all代替的是复数名词，谓语用复数形式；如果all代替的是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。none作可以表示可数名词，也可表示不可数名词，指可数名词时，谓语用单数、复数皆可，指不可数名词，谓语用单数。主语后面有with,aswellas,togetherwith,alongwith,like,suchas,ratherthan,except,but,besides,including,inadditionto等引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的名词保持一致。一些表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。例如：halfof,mostof,alotof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof等。专有名词作主语国名、人名、报纸名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语，谓语用单数。以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。某些以-s结尾的学科名词、疾病名词、游戏名词作主语时，谓语一般用单数。表示时间、距离、钱数、重量的名词作主语时，若代表总量或总和时，谓语一般用单数形式一些由两个部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers,gloves,pants,shorts,jeans,glasses,scissors,shoes,compasses（圆规）等作主语时，谓语用复数。若带有单位词（如apairof或twopairsof），则有单位词决定谓语的单复数形式。goods（货物）,surroundings（环境）savings（积蓄），belongs（所有物）等名词作主语时，谓语用复数。“the+形容词/分词”作主语时，如果指一类人，谓语用复数；如果指事物或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。Thewounded________(be)takengoodcareof.Thebeautiful_________(be)notalwaysgood.有些集合名词，例如police,cattle,people,poultry（家禽）,folk（民众）,youth（青年）等形式上单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。有些集合名词，如family,committee,class,crowd,crew,team,group,government,army,audience,enemy等作主语时，若作为一个整体，谓语用单数，若着眼于组成该集体的一个个成员或个体时，谓语动词用复数。population作主语时，通常看作单数，若其前由分数、百分数修饰时，则用复数形式。sheep,means,deer,work（工厂）,species（种类）等单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式须在具体的语境中决定。Everymeans___________(have)beentried.Allmeans_________(have)beentried.kind,sort构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应与of前的名词的数保持一致。Thiskindofbook________(be)verypopular.Menofthiskind________(be)hardtodealwith.“oneandahalf+名词的复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。“morethanone+名词单数”和“manya+名词单数”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语用单数。“oneortwo+名词复数”作主语时，谓语用复数。但“a/an+单数名词+ortwo”作主语时，谓语用单数。Oneortwosoldiers_____(have)beenkilledinthebattle.Asoldierortwo_______(have)beenkilledinthebattle.定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。但如果在“oneof+先行词+定语从句”结构中，若one被thevery,theonly修饰时，定语从句的谓语用单数，没有则用复数。I,who_____(be)yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow.Maryisoneofthestudentswho___(be)latethismorning.Maryistheonlystudentswho_______(be)invited.what引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数，但若表语是复数，谓语动词用复数；whenandwhere…用单数；when…andwhere…用复数。WhatIwanttosay_________(refer)toallofyou.WhatIbought_______threeEnglishbooks.Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting_______notbeendecided.Whenhewasbornandwherehegrewup______stillunknown.thenumberof和anumberof作主语的情况。such,thefollowing起指示代词作用时，应根据所指内容来确定谓语的单复数。Such______hiswords.Thefollowing______agoodexample.七、语法错题回放Mary,________here—everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.comingWeforgettobringourtickets,butpleaseletusenter,_______?A.doyouB.canweC.willyouD.shallweTheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_____theyknowaboutGerman.A.haveB.didC.hadD.doPleasedomeafavor—_______myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.A.toinviteB.invitingC.inviteD.invitedYouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,______?A.couldyouB.couldn’tC.couldn’tweD.couldweEitheryouoroneofyourstudents_____toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.beProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureonthewesternculture,butwhenandwhere_____yet.A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.haven’tdecidedC.isn’tbeingdecidedDaren’tdecidedThecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third_____usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were_____bykeepingdowncostswillPowerDataholditsadvantageoverothercompanies.A.OnlyB.JustC.StillD.YetItwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrol_____toreturntotheirhomes.A.theresidentswouldbepermittedB.hadtheresidentsbeenpermittedC.wouldtheresidentsbepermittedD.theresidentshadbeenpermittedIdon’tmindhercriticizingme,but____ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.A.itBthatC.thisD.which—Iremindedyounottoforgettheappointment.—______.A.SoyoudidB.SoIdonotC.SodidyouD.SodoIYouruncleseemstobeagooddriver;____,Iwouldn’tdaretotravelinhiscar.A.evensoB.eventhoughC.thereforeD.so_____isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.A.SuchB.ThisC.ThatD.SoInthedarkforests,_____somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.A.standmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslieD.manylakesstandForamomentnothinghappened.Then_____allshoutingtogether.A.voiceshadcomeB.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcomeD.didvoicescome—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder______.A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytoldI’msureyou’drathershewenttoschoolbybus,_____?A.hadn’tyouB.wouldn’tyouC.aren’tID.didn’tshe____acertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject.A.IthasB.TheyhaveCItremainsD.ThereremainsMostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths____alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobeThatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since_____thatMariewasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.SowashersuccessfulbusinessSarahhadherwashingmachinerepairedthedaybeforeyesterday,_____she?A.hadB.didC.hadn’tD.didn’t_____,Carolinacouldn’tgetthedooropen.A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry_____aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.A.SocuriousthecouplewasB.SocuriouswerethecoupleC.HowcuriousthecouplewereD.ThecouplewassuchcuriousMaryandIseeeachother____,butnotasoftenasweusedto.A.soonerorlaterB.onceinawhileC.intheendD.moreorlessSosudden_____thattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.A.didtheattackB.theattackdidC.wastheattackD.theattackwas—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm_____weworked.A.thatB.therec.whichC.whereEnginesaretomachines_____heartsaretoanimals.A.asB.thatC.whatD.whichWithmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_____eachyear.A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedawayUnsatisfied_____withthepayment,hetookthejobjusttogetsomeworkexperience.A.thoughwasheB.thoughhewasC.hewasthoughD.washethough—DoyouhaveanyideawhatPauldoesallday?—AsIknow,hespendsatleastasmuchtimeplayingashe___.A.writesB.doeswritingC.iswritingD.doeswriteI’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans____withmyprogress.A.theteacherisnotsatisfiedB.istheteachernotsatisfiedC.theteacherissatisfiedD.istheteachersatisfied____andI’llgettheworkfinished.A.HaveonemorehourB.OnemorehourC.GivenonemorehourD.IfIhaveonemorehour_____,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.QuietashemaybeastudentNeverbefore_____ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.A.hasthiscitybeenB.thiscityhasbeen.C.wasthiscityD.thiscitywasIt’sbeyonddescription.Nowhereelseintheworld___suchaquiet,beautifulplace．A.cantherebeB.youcanfindＣ.therecanbeＤ.canfindyouOnlybyfollowingthismethod_____.A.wecanstudyEnglishwellB.canwebeabletostudyEnglishwellC.canwestudyEnglishwellD.studyEnglishwellcanweNotuntil_____hissunglasses_____him.A.hetookoff;didIrecognizeB.didhetakeoff;IrecognizedC.hetookoff;IrecognizedD.didhetakeoff;didIrecognizeItwasnotuntildark______hefound_____hethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.A.that,whatB.that,thatC.when,whatD.when,thatShedidn’thaveenoughmoney____apresentforherhusband.A.withwhichtobuyB.withthatsheboughtC.whichshecouldbuyD.withbuying—If____,someterriblediseaseswouldspreadinthestricken-areasaftertheterribleearthquakeinSichuanprovince.—Sopeopletherein___needofmedicalteams.A.don’tcontrolled,shortB.notcontrollinglittleC.notbeingcontrolled,anxiousD.notcontrolled,desperate____makessomepeopleappearastonishinglyyouthfulwhileothersseemsmucholderthantheiractualage?A.whatitisB.whatisitthatC.whatitisthatD.whyitiswhat______seemstobeapossibilitythatweshallbeabletoaffordthecarweneed,A.itB.thatC.thereD.thisWasit___youcametothecountrysidethatyo