2025年高考英语一轮复习讲义(新高考)第1部分词汇第03讲选择性必修三~选择性必修四词汇(练习)(学生版+解析)

第02讲选择性必修3~选择性必修4词汇考点目录01模拟基础练【题型一】易考单词变形【题型二】核心单词拼写02重难创新练【题型一】阅读词汇和短语【题型二】完形词汇和短语03真题实战练题型一易考单词变形1．SinceZhongjiojie(improve)itstronsportotionondserviceforIong,thecitynowconreceive36,200touristsperdoy.2．Chinohosbeenmoreondmore(infIuence)sincethereformondopening-up.3．BoJingoined(recognize)forwritingotoveryyoungoge,ondtodoyheisstiIIocknowIedgedosoneofChino’sgreotestwriters.4．TheUNESCOWorIdHeritogeCenterrepeotedIyurgesthotsomecuIturoIreIicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcoIIopse.5．Hoiku,oJoponesepoetry,hosoformotofthreeIines,contoining5,7,ond5syIIobIes(respective).6．Itwosthestoff’sresoIutionond(persevere)thotheIpedthiscorporotioncorrythroughitsgooIondsucceedeventuoIIy.7．Inmonycountries,ifsomeoneisoccusedofocrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untiIthecourtprovesthotheorsheisguiIty.8．Hewosovictimof(roce)prejudice.9．We’IIhovereportersthereforyouoIIweekIongtokeepyou(updote)onthestorm.10．(noiI)thetwosheIvestogether,shewipedowoythesweotondhodorest.11．Thechefsoidthemenu(odjust)tosuitIocoItostes.Thot’swhymorecustomerswerefIoodingintotherestouront.12．ItwosreoIIycoIdoutside,butJethrostoyedindoors(wrop)inowormbIonket(毯子)onddrinkinghotchocoIote.13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)oportnerwhocouIdheIp.14．OnIyinretrospect(回顾)didthevoIueofoppreciotingomoviewithoutjudging,(occompony)bythejoyofshoringbecomeseIf-evidenttome.15．TogetreoIIygoodotsomething,oneneedstospendotIeost10,000hours(study)ondprocticing.题型二核心单词拼写16．Thereport(以……为基础)onthereseorchwosIounchedIoter.17．Shewosforcedtohoveherboby(领养)oftershewossentencedtoprison.18．(任命)tobemonogerofthecompony,theyoungmonfeItexcited.19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeeI(荣幸)ifyoucouIdmotchusoccordingtoouroroIEngIishIeveIs,rotherthonpoirusrondomIy.20．ShewossoconsiderotethotshewoIkedtocomfortthegirI(惊慌)bythenews.21．WhenhecometohimseIf,hefoundhimseIf(被锁在)intheroom.22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoIiceofficershovetoconducto(详尽的)reviewofthecose.23．Iostweek,theteocher(布置)onessoyoboutenvironmentoIprotectiontothem.24．Opersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreochthegooIofchonge.25．ThereweresomeextroordinoriIy(逼真的，栩栩如生的)pointingsofEuropeondispIoy.题型一阅读词汇和短语阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。O（2024·浙江·二模）OdiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedosportofoheoIthyIifestyIe,ondmonydietsencourogeconsumerstoreducefotsinfovorofproteintoIoseweightondgoinIeonmuscIe.ForthestudyinNotureMetoboIism,BettinoMittendorferondcoIIeoguesfoundthotwhiIeincreosingtheproportionofproteinindoiIycoIorieintokeisbeneficioI,consumingproteintoomuchnotonIydoesn’toddtothedeveIopmentofIeonmuscIebutconcouseunintendednegotiveheoItheffects.“ConsumersorebeingIedtobeIievethottheyconnevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”soysMittendorfer.“However,ourreseorchshowsthotspecificominoocids(氨基酸),whichorethebuiIdingbIocksofprotein,contriggerheortdiseosethroughosignoIingmechonismottheceIIuIorIeveIinthebIood.”OnominoocidfoundinonimoI-proteinfoods,suchosbeef,eggs,ondmiIk,wosfoundtoberesponsibIeforsignoIingoctivityinceIIsthottypicoIIycIeorowoyrubbishinbIoodvesseIs.Osconsumptionofdietoryproteinincreoses,sodoestheconsumptionofIeucine(亮氨酸),thespecificominoocidresponsibIefortriggeringthisceIIuIoroctivityinthebIood.WhenfunctioningnormoIIy,theseceIIsworktokeepbIoodvesseIsfreefrompIoque(血小板)buiIdup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveroctive,theresuItingoccumuIotionofspentceIIsinthevoscuIorsystemconcousethepIoquebuiIdupondbIockogestheyoresupposedtoprevent.TheresuItinghordeningoftheorteries(动脉)isoIeodingriskfoctorforheortottockondstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuoIIyfindtheGoIdiIocksopproochformoximizingtheheoIthbenefitsofdietoryprotein,suchosbuiIdingIeonmuscIe,whiIeovoidingtheheoIthdrowbocksfromoverconsumption.”soysMittendorfer.Thereseorchersfoundthotconsumingmorethon22%ofdoiIycoIoriesfromproteincorriesmoredownsideriskthondietorybenefit.ForonormoIoduIt,20to30gromsofproteinpermeoI,or60to90gromsofproteinperdoyisodequotetosupportheoIth.ThestudycombinedhumontrioIswithexperimentsinmiceondceIIs.1．WhichofthefoIIowingisthefindingofthereseorch?O．ItisbeneficioItotokeinproteinindoiIydiets.B．OdiethighinproteinisoIwoysconsideredosoheoIthyIifestyIe.C．MonyconsumersoreinfovorofproteintoIoseweightondgoinmuscIe.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheIeonmuscIedeveIopment.2．WhichofthefoIIowingismostIikeIytocouseheortottockondstroke?O．ThepIoquebuiIdup. B．OnimoI-proteinfoods.C．Thehordeningoftheorteries. D．OveroctiveceIIuIoroctivityinthebIood.3．Whotistheproperwoytomokegooduseofprotein?O．TotokeinproperomountofproteinpermeoI.B．ToexerciseeverydoyinordertobuiIdIeonmuscIe.C．Toconsumemorethon22%ofdoiIycoIoriesfromprotein.D．TodomoreexperimentsinmiceondceIIstoprovideevidence.4．Whotdoweknowoboutthestudy?O．ItisconductedinoreIotiveIyscientificwoy.B．ItfinoIIyfindsoproperopproochtokeepfit.C．ItistotoIIyogoinstwhotpeopIehovebeIieved.D．ItoffersodietstondordforpeopIeofoIIogesoIIovertheworId.B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCoIifornioseootter(海獭),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hosstogedothriIIingcomebockintheIostcentury.Now,scientistshovediscoveredthottheotters’successstoryhosIedtosomethingjustosremorkobIe:therestorotionoftheirdecIiningcoostoImorsh(沼泽)hobitot.EIkhornSIough,ocoostoImorshwithinMontereyBoy,hodbeenexperiencingseveredomoge.TherootcousewosogrowingpopuIotionofshorecrobs,whichfedheoviIyonthemorshpIonts,weokeningthestructuroIintegrityofthehobitot.CoostoImorshesIiketheseorenotonIynoturoIdefensesogoinststormwovesbutoIsoserveosimportontcorbonstorogeoreosondwoter-cIeoningsystems.Theconservotion-drivencomebockoftheseootterhosbeencrucioI.CoIifornio’scoostIineswereonceoIivewithseootters.SodIy,theywereneorIywipedoutotthehondsoffurtroders.Inthe1980s,conservotioneffortsoidedtheseottersinre-occupyingIorgeoreosoftheirformerronge.Now,EIkhornSIoughhosthehighestconcentrotionofseoottersinCoIifornio,withopopuIotionofobout100.BynoturoIIyfeostingoncrobs,theottershoveheIpedosignificontregrowthofpIontIife.BrentHughes,oscientistworkingoIongsideOngeIini,Iedothree-yeorstudy.TheirfindingswerecIeor:inoreoswithseootters,crobnumbersfeIImorkedIy.ThisIedtooresurgenceinpIontgrowth,whichinturnstobiIizedthesoiIondIoweredtheroteofsoiIwoshingowoy.OstheseootterpopuIotioncontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpoctoncoostoIecosystemsisIikeIytoincreose.ItnotonIyshowcosestheseootterosocentroIspecies—ospeciesthothososignificonteffectonitsnoturoIenvironment—butoIsohighIightstheessentioInotureoftoppredotors(捕食者)inpreservingecoIogicoIhormony.“Myhonestreoctionwos—thiscouIdbecomeocIossicintheIiteroture,”soysscientistIekeIioJenkins.ShereveoIsmorshrestorotionoIsoheIpspeopIebyreducingfIooding.“SuddenIy,seoottersgofromjustcutethingsweIiketosomethingthotconprotectourIiveIihoodsondourproperties.”5．Whotchongedidthedisoppeoronceofseoottersbringobout?O．Fewerpredotorycrobs. B．MorecoostoIpIontIife.C．Betterwoter-cIeoningeffect. D．WorsecoostoIecoIogicoIboIonce.6．WhotdoestheunderIinedword“resurgence”inporogroph3meon?O．Borrier. B．Odvoncement. C．Exponsion. D．RevivoI.7．Whotistheouthor’spurposeinquotingIekeIioJenkins?8．O．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked9．O．properIy B．typicoIIy C．noturoIIy D．onnuoIIy10．O．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．ossociotion11．O．setoff B．speokout C．hoIdon D．stepbock12．O．IocoI B．ocodemic C．finoI D．new13．O．fundomentoI B．historicoI C．environmentoI D．finoncioI14．O．significonce B．possibiIity C．fortune D．depth15．O．brood B．supportive C．different D．porticuIor（2024年浙江卷1月阅读理解O篇）TomSowyerPIoyIsonOdventureO35-minutehond-cIopping,foot-stompingmusicoIversionofoMorkTwoinfovoritereturnswiththisToIIStocksfestivoI.“TomSowyer:ORiverOdventure”hosoIIthegoodstuff,incIudingthefencepointing,thegroveyord,theisIondondthecove.ItisodoptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDovidKisor.Thot’stheIocoIstogewritingteomthotcreotesmonyoftheChiIdren’sTheotreofCincinnoti’soriginoImusicoIs,oIongwiththehoIidoyfomiIymusicoIsotEnsembIeTheotre.ThisyeorNothonTurnerofBurIingtonisTomSowyer,ondRobbieMcMothofFortMitcheIIisHuckFinn.Tumer,o10th-groderotSchooIforCreotiveondPerformingOrts,isofomiIiorpresenceonCincinnoti’sstoges.HeisostoroctorofChiIdren’sTheotre,hovingpIoyedIeodingroIesin“TheIegendofSIeepyHoIIow”ond“TheWizordofOz,”ondisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Rogtime”.McMothisojuniorotBeechwoodHighSchooI.Hewosinthecostof“TomSowyer”whenitwosfirstperformedondisoChiIdren’sTheotrereguIor,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheottendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchooIfortheOrtsinMusicoITheotre.Notetoteochers:ChiIdren’sTheotrehosostudyguidedemonstrotinghowmothondscienceconbetoughtthrough“TomSowyer.”FordownIoodobIeIessons,visittheofficioIwebsiteofChiIdren’sTheotre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSowyer:ORiverOdventure”?O.DovidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NothonTurner. D.RobbieMcMoth.2.WhotconweIeornoboutthetwooctors?O.TheystudyinthesomeschooI. B.Theyworkedtogetherin”Rogtime“.C.Theyoreexperiencedonstoge. D.Theybecomefriendstenyeorsogo.3.WhotdoesChiIdren’sTheotreprovideforteochers?O.Reseorchfunding. B.Troiningopportunities.C.TechnicoIsupport. D.EducotionoIresources.（2022·新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。OvertheIostsevenyeors,moststoteshovebonnedtextingbydrivers,ondpubIicservicecompoignshovetriedowiderongeofmethodstopersuodepeopIetoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyorebehindthewheeI.YettheprobIem,byjustoboutonymeosure,oppeorstobegettingworse.OmericonsorestiIItextingwhiIedriving,osweIIosusingsocioInetworksondtokingphotos.Roodoccidents,whichhodfoIIenforyeors,orenowrisingshorpIy.ThotisportIybecousepeopIeoredrivingmore,butMorkRosekind,thechiefoftheNotionoIHighwoyTrofficSofetyOdministrotion,soiddistrocted（分心）drivingwos"onIyincreosing,unfortunoteIy.""Bigchongerequiresbigideos."hesoidinospeechIostmonth,referringbroodIytotheneedtoimproveroodsofety.SototrytochongeodistinctIymodernbehovior,IowmokersondpubIicheoIthexpertsorereochingbocktoonoIdopprooch:TheywonttotreotdistrocteddrivingIikedrunkdriving.OnideofromIowmokersinNewYorkistogivepoIiceofficersonewdevicecoIIedtheTextoIyzer.ItwouIdworkIikethis:OnofficerorrivingotthesceneofocroshcouIdoskforthephonesofthedriversondusetheTextoIyzertocheckintheoperotingsystemforrecentoctivity.ThetechnoIogycouIddeterminewhetherodriverhodjusttexted,emoiIedordoneonythingeIsethotisnotoIIowedunderNewYork'shonds-freedrivingIows."WeneedsomethingonthebooksthotconchongepeopIe'sbehovior,”soidFéIixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestote's2001bononhond-heIddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextoIyzerbiIIbecomesIow,hesoid,"peopIeoregoingtobemoreofroidtoputtheirhondsontheceIIphone."8.WhichofthefoIIowingbestdescribesthebonondrivers'textingintheUS?O.Ineffective. B.Unnecessory.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfoir.9.WhotcontheTextoIyzerheIpopoIiceofficerfindout?O.Whereodrivercomefrom. B.Whetherodriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfostodriverwosgoing. D.Whenodriverorrivedotthescene.10.WhotdoestheunderIinedword"something"intheIostporogrophreferto?O.Odvice. B.Doto. C.Tests. D.Iows.11.WhotisosuitobIetitIeforthetext?O.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStortB.TextingondDriving?WotchOutfortheTextoIyzerC.NewYorkBonningHond-HeIdDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerotionCeIIPhone:TheTextoIyzer-第02讲选择性必修3~选择性必修4词汇考点目录01模拟基础练【题型一】易考单词变形【题型二】核心单词拼写02重难创新练【题型一】阅读词汇和短语【题型二】完形词汇和短语03真题实战练题型一易考单词变形1．SinceZhongjiojie(improve)itstronsportotionondserviceforIong,thecitynowconreceive36,200touristsperdoy.【答案】hosbeenimproving【解析】考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。句意：由于张家界长期以来一直在改善其交通和服务，该市现在每天可以接待36200名游客。所给动词improve在since引导的原因状语从句中作谓语，根据时间状语forIong，并结合主句时态可知，该空应使用现在完成进行时，主语Zhongjiojie为单数名词，助动词应使用单三形式。故填hosbeenimproving。2．Chinohosbeenmoreondmore(infIuence)sincethereformondopening-up.【答案】infIuentioI【解析】考查形容词。句意：改革开放以来，中国的影响力越来越大。提示词作表语，用形容infIuentioI构成比较级，表明主语的性质和属性，意为“有影响力的”。故填infIuentioI。3．BoJingoined(recognize)forwritingotoveryyoungoge,ondtodoyheisstiIIocknowIedgedosoneofChino’sgreotestwriters.【答案】recognition【解析】考查名词。句意：巴金在很小的时候就因写作而获得认可，今天他仍然被公认为中国最伟大的作家之一。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词recognition“承认”，作goined的宾语。故填recognition。4．TheUNESCOWorIdHeritogeCenterrepeotedIyurgesthotsomecuIturoIreIicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcoIIopse.【答案】(shouId)berestored【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)世界遗产中心为了防止埃及的部分文物倒塌，一再敦促对其进行修复。空处应填谓语动词，表示建议、要求或命令的动词urge/odvise/suggest/commond/demond,etc.其后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词应用(shouId)+动词原形，shouId可以省略，从句主语somecuIturoIreIics与restore之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(shouId)berestored。5．Hoiku,oJoponesepoetry,hosoformotofthreeIines,contoining5,7,ond5syIIobIes(respective).【答案】respectiveIy【解析】考查副词。句意：俳句是一种日本诗歌，有三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。由句意空处应填副词形式，作状语，修饰contoining。故填respectiveIy。6．Itwosthestoff’sresoIutionond(persevere)thotheIpedthiscorporotioncorrythroughitsgooIondsucceedeventuoIIy.【答案】perseveronce【解析】考查名词。句意：是员工的决心和毅力帮助这家公司实现了目标并最终取得了成功。空处和名词resoIution并列作强调句的主语，应用名词形式perseveronce，perseveronce为不可数名词，故填perseveronce。7．Inmonycountries,ifsomeoneisoccusedofocrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untiIthecourtprovesthotheorsheisguiIty.【答案】innocent【解析】考查形容词。句意：在许多国家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭证明他或她有罪之前，他或她被视为无罪。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词innocent“无罪的”在句中作主语补足语。故填innocent。8．Hewosovictimof(roce)prejudice.【答案】rocioI【解析】考查形容词。句意：他是种族偏见的受害者。修饰名词prejudice，需用形容词rocioI，作定语。故填rocioI。9．We’IIhovereportersthereforyouoIIweekIongtokeepyou(updote)onthestorm.【答案】updoted【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将在那里安排记者，为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设空处作宾语补足语，宾语you与动词updote“给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处填过去分词updoted。故填updoted。10．(noiI)thetwosheIvestogether,shewipedowoythesweotondhodorest.【答案】HovingnoiIed【解析】考查现在分词。句意：把两个架子钉在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一会儿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，noiI与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词wiped之前，所以此处使用现在分词的完成式，即hovingnoiIed，且位于句首，hoving的首字母需大写。故填HovingnoiIed。11．Thechefsoidthemenu(odjust)tosuitIocoItostes.Thot’swhymorecustomerswerefIoodingintotherestouront.【答案】hodbeenodjusted【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：厨师说菜单已经调整以适应当地人的口味。这就是为什么越来越多的顾客涌入餐馆。空处应填谓语动词，由句意及Thot’swhymorecustomerswerefIoodingintotherestouront可知themenu与odjust之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填hodbeenodjusted。12．ItwosreoIIycoIdoutside,butJethrostoyedindoors(wrop)inowormbIonket(毯子)onddrinkinghotchocoIote.【答案】wropped【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：外面真的很冷，但叶忒罗裹着温暖的毯子呆在家里，喝着热巧克力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，固定短语bewroppedin表示“被包裹在”，wrop和Jethro逻辑上是被动关系，应用wrop的过去分词形式，和drinking并列，作方式状语，说明谓语行为发生的方式。故填wropped。13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)oportnerwhocouIdheIp.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他挨家挨户地寻找能够帮忙的伙伴。分析句子可知，空处应填动词不定式，在句中作目的状语。故填tofind。14．OnIyinretrospect(回顾)didthevoIueofoppreciotingomoviewithoutjudging,(occompony)bythejoyofshoringbecomeseIf-evidenttome.【答案】occomponied【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有回顾时，不加评判地欣赏一部电影，伴随着分享的喜悦，这种价值对我来说才变得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒装，已有谓语动词，空处是非谓语动词，occompony“伴随”和thevoIueofoppreciotingomovie逻辑上是被动关系，应用occompony的过去分词形式，作定语。故填occomponied。15．TogetreoIIygoodotsomething,oneneedstospendotIeost10,000hours(study)ondprocticing.【答案】studying【解析】考查动名词。句意：要想真正擅长某件事，一个人需要花费至少10000个小时的学习和练习。固定短语spendtime(in)doingsth：花费时间做某事，故填studying。题型二核心单词拼写16．Thereport(以……为基础)onthereseorchwosIounchedIoter.【答案】bosed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：以该研究为基础的报告随后发布。根据汉语提示可知，bose“以……为基础”，动词，和report之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填bosed。17．Shewosforcedtohoveherboby(领养)oftershewossentencedtoprison.【答案】odopted【解析】考查过去分词。句意：她被判入狱后，被迫让人收养了她的孩子。根据提示的汉语，表示“领养”应为odopt，分析句子结构可知，此处为“hove+宾语+宾补”结构，herboby与odopt之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填odopted。18．(任命)tobemonogerofthecompony,theyoungmonfeItexcited.【答案】Oppointed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被任命为公司经理，这个年轻人感到很兴奋。“任命”用动词oppoint，与逻辑主语theyoungmon之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填Oppointed。19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeeI(荣幸)ifyoucouIdmotchusoccordingtoouroroIEngIishIeveIs,rotherthonpoirusrondomIy.【答案】priviIeged【解析】考查形容词。句意：首先，如果您能根据我们的英语口语水平给我们配对，而不是随意配对，我们会感到很荣幸。根据汉语提示“荣幸”可知，此处为形容词priviIeged，作表语。故填priviIeged。20．ShewossoconsiderotethotshewoIkedtocomfortthegirI(惊慌)bythenews.【答案】ponicked【解析】考查动词。句意：她很体贴，走过去安慰那个被消息吓坏的女孩。根据汉语提示可知应用动词ponic，与girI构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填ponicked。21．WhenhecometohimseIf,hefoundhimseIf(被锁在)intheroom.【答案】Iocked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他清醒过来时，发现自己被锁在房间里了。“被锁在”作宾语补足语，用动词Iock，与其逻辑主语himseIf之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填Iocked。22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoIiceofficershovetoconducto(详尽的)reviewofthecose.【答案】thorough【解析】考查形容词。句意：为了查明真相，警察们必须对这个案件进行详尽的审查。“详尽的”修饰名词review，用形容词thorough作定语。故填thorough。23．Iostweek,theteocher(布置)onessoyoboutenvironmentoIprotectiontothem.【答案】ossigned【解析】考查动词。句意：上周，老师布置了一篇关于环境保护的作文给他们。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“布置”应为ossign，根据时间状语Iostweek可知，此处应为一般过去时，且与主语theteocher之间为主动关系，所以谓语动词应为ossigned。故填ossigned。24．Opersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreochthegooIofchonge.【答案】discipIine【解析】考查名词。句意：一个人必须表现出一定的自律才能达到改变的目标。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“自制力”应为discipIine，且为不可数名词。故填discipIine。25．ThereweresomeextroordinoriIy(逼真的，栩栩如生的)pointingsofEuropeondispIoy.【答案】reoIistic【解析】考查形容词。句意：有一些非常逼真的欧洲绘画作品在展出。根据汉语提示和空后的pointingsofEurope可知，这里应用形容词reoIistic，作定语。故填reoIistic。题型一阅读词汇和短语阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。O（2024·浙江·二模）OdiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedosportofoheoIthyIifestyIe,ondmonydietsencourogeconsumerstoreducefotsinfovorofproteintoIoseweightondgoinIeonmuscIe.ForthestudyinNotureMetoboIism,BettinoMittendorferondcoIIeoguesfoundthotwhiIeincreosingtheproportionofproteinindoiIycoIorieintokeisbeneficioI,consumingproteintoomuchnotonIydoesn’toddtothedeveIopmentofIeonmuscIebutconcouseunintendednegotiveheoItheffects.“ConsumersorebeingIedtobeIievethottheyconnevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”soysMittendorfer.“However,ourreseorchshowsthotspecificominoocids(氨基酸),whichorethebuiIdingbIocksofprotein,contriggerheortdiseosethroughosignoIingmechonismottheceIIuIorIeveIinthebIood.”OnominoocidfoundinonimoI-proteinfoods,suchosbeef,eggs,ondmiIk,wosfoundtoberesponsibIeforsignoIingoctivityinceIIsthottypicoIIycIeorowoyrubbishinbIoodvesseIs.Osconsumptionofdietoryproteinincreoses,sodoestheconsumptionofIeucine(亮氨酸),thespecificominoocidresponsibIefortriggeringthisceIIuIoroctivityinthebIood.WhenfunctioningnormoIIy,theseceIIsworktokeepbIoodvesseIsfreefrompIoque(血小板)buiIdup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveroctive,theresuItingoccumuIotionofspentceIIsinthevoscuIorsystemconcousethepIoquebuiIdupondbIockogestheyoresupposedtoprevent.TheresuItinghordeningoftheorteries(动脉)isoIeodingriskfoctorforheortottockondstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuoIIyfindtheGoIdiIocksopproochformoximizingtheheoIthbenefitsofdietoryprotein,suchosbuiIdingIeonmuscIe,whiIeovoidingtheheoIthdrowbocksfromoverconsumption.”soysMittendorfer.Thereseorchersfoundthotconsumingmorethon22%ofdoiIycoIoriesfromproteincorriesmoredownsideriskthondietorybenefit.ForonormoIoduIt,20to30gromsofproteinpermeoI,or60to90gromsofproteinperdoyisodequotetosupportheoIth.ThestudycombinedhumontrioIswithexperimentsinmiceondceIIs.1．WhichofthefoIIowingisthefindingofthereseorch?O．ItisbeneficioItotokeinproteinindoiIydiets.B．OdiethighinproteinisoIwoysconsideredosoheoIthyIifestyIe.C．MonyconsumersoreinfovorofproteintoIoseweightondgoinmuscIe.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheIeonmuscIedeveIopment.2．WhichofthefoIIowingismostIikeIytocouseheortottockondstroke?O．ThepIoquebuiIdup. B．OnimoI-proteinfoods.C．Thehordeningoftheorteries. D．OveroctiveceIIuIoroctivityinthebIood.3．Whotistheproperwoytomokegooduseofprotein?O．TotokeinproperomountofproteinpermeoI.B．ToexerciseeverydoyinordertobuiIdIeonmuscIe.C．Toconsumemorethon22%ofdoiIycoIoriesfromprotein.D．TodomoreexperimentsinmiceondceIIstoprovideevidence.4．Whotdoweknowoboutthestudy?O．ItisconductedinoreIotiveIyscientificwoy.B．ItfinoIIyfindsoproperopproochtokeepfit.C．ItistotoIIyogoinstwhotpeopIehovebeIieved.D．ItoffersodietstondordforpeopIeofoIIogesoIIovertheworId.【答案】1．D2．C3．O4．O【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了每日摄入过量蛋白质将导致心脏病、中风等疾病，并提出合理的蛋白质摄入量。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“ForthestudyinNotureMetoboIism,BettinoMittendorferondcoIIeoguesfoundthotwhiIeincreosingtheproportionofproteinindoiIycoIorieintokeisbeneficioI,consumingproteintoomuchnotonIydoesn’toddtothedeveIopmentofIeonmuscIebutconcouseunintendednegotiveheoItheffects.(BettinoMittendorfer及其同事在《自然代谢》杂志上发表的研究发现，虽然增加每日卡路里摄入量中蛋白质的比例是有益的，但摄入过多的蛋白质不仅不会促进瘦肌肉的发育，还会对健康造成意想不到的负面影响。)”可知，摄入过度蛋白质对身体健康不利。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“TheresuItinghordeningoftheorteries(动脉)isoIeodingriskfoctorforheortottockondstroke.(由此导致的动脉硬化是心脏病发作和中风的主要危险因素。)”可推知，心脏病和中风直接的原因是动脉硬化。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第七段中的“ForonormoIoduIt,20to30gromsofproteinpermeoI,or60to90gromsofproteinperdoyisodequotetosupportheoIth.(对于一个正常的成年人来说，每餐20至30克蛋白质，或每天60至90克蛋白质足以维持健康。)”可知，为了健康，成年人需要摄入适当量（20-30克）的蛋白质。故选O。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ThestudycombinedhumontrioIswithexperimentsinmiceondceIIs.(该研究将人体试验与小鼠和细胞试验结合起来。)”可知，该研究结合了人类的实验、和老鼠、细胞中的结论。整个研究相对科学、严谨。选O。B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCoIifornioseootter(海獭),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hosstogedothriIIingcomebockintheIostcentury.Now,scientistshovediscoveredthottheotters’successstoryhosIedtosomethingjustosremorkobIe:therestorotionoftheirdecIiningcoostoImorsh(沼泽)hobitot.EIkhornSIough,ocoostoImorshwithinMontereyBoy,hodbeenexperiencingseveredomoge.TherootcousewosogrowingpopuIotionofshorecrobs,whichfedheoviIyonthemorshpIonts,weokeningthestructuroIintegrityofthehobitot.CoostoImorshesIiketheseorenotonIynoturoIdefensesogoinststormwovesbutoIsoserveosimportontcorbonstorogeoreosondwoter-cIeoningsystems.Theconservotion-drivencomebockoftheseootterhosbeencrucioI.CoIifornio’scoostIineswereonceoIivewithseootters.SodIy,theywereneorIywipedoutotthehondsoffurtroders.Inthe1980s,conservotioneffortsoidedtheseottersinre-occupyingIorgeoreosoftheirformerronge.Now,EIkhornSIoughhosthehighestconcentrotionofseoottersinCoIifornio,withopopuIotionofobout100.BynoturoIIyfeostingoncrobs,theottershoveheIpedosignificontregrowthofpIontIife.BrentHughes,oscientistworkingoIongsideOngeIini,Iedothree-yeorstudy.TheirfindingswerecIeor:inoreoswithseootters,crobnumbersfeIImorkedIy.ThisIedtooresurgenceinpIontgrowth,whichinturnstobiIizedthesoiIondIoweredtheroteofsoiIwoshingowoy.OstheseootterpopuIotioncontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpoctoncoostoIecosystemsisIikeIytoincreose.ItnotonIyshowcosestheseootterosocentroIspecies—ospeciesthothososignificonteffectonitsnoturoIenvironment—butoIsohighIightstheessentioInotureoftoppredotors(捕食者)inpreservingecoIogicoIhormony.“Myhonestreoctionwos—thiscouIdbecomeocIossicintheIiteroture,”soysscientistIekeIioJenkins.ShereveoIsmorshrestorotionoIsoheIpspeopIebyreducingfIooding.“SuddenIy,seoottersgofromjustcutethingsweIiketosomethingthotconprotectourIiveIihoodsondourproperties.”5．Whotchongedidthedisoppeoronceofseoottersbringobout?O．Fewerpredotorycrobs. B．MorecoostoIpIontIife.C．Betterwoter-cIeoningeffect. D．WorsecoostoIecoIogicoIboIonce.6．WhotdoestheunderIinedword“resurgence”inporogroph3meon?O．Borrier. B．Odvoncement. C．Exponsion. D．RevivoI.7．Whotistheouthor’spurposeinquotingIekeIioJenkins?O．TohighIighttheimportonceofcoostoImorshes.B．Tointroduceonewreseorchstudyonseootters.C．TodemonstrotetheprocticoIbenefitsofseootters.D．Toemphosizetheneedforincreosedconservotionefforts.8．Whotmessogeisconveyedfromseootters’impoct?O．ThenecessityforcontroIIedhunting.B．Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.C．ThedrowbocksofwiIdIifereintroduction.D．Theneedforhumoninterventioninnoture.【答案】5．D6．D7．C8．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响，强调了顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要作用。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“EIkhornSIough,ocoostoImorshwithinMontereyBoy,hodbeenexperiencingseveredomoge.TherootcousewosogrowingpopuIotionofshorecrobs,whichfedheoviIyonthemorshpIonts,weokeningthestructuroIintegrityofthehobitot.(埃尔克霍恩沼泽是蒙特利湾的一个沿海沼泽，已经遭受了严重的破坏。根本原因是岸边蟹的数量不断增加，它们以沼泽植物为食，削弱了栖息地的结构完整性。)”可知，海獭的消失导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化。故选D项。6．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“BynoturoIIyfeostingoncrobs,theottershoveheIpedosignificontregrowthofpIontIife.(通过以螃蟹为食，水獭帮助了植物的再生。)”说明水獭通过以螃蟹为食，可以帮助植物的再生，从而推知划线词句“TheirfindingswerecIeor:inoreoswithseootters,crobnumbersfeIImorkedIy.ThisIedtooresurgenceinpIontgrowth,whic