胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）章节题库（1-4章）【圣才出品】

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）章节题库（1-4章）【圣才出品】第1章语言学导论Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.1.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof_____communication.【答案】verbal【解析】语言是一种口头交流的手段。2.Theterm_____originatesfromMalinowski’sstudyofthefunctionsoflanguageperformedbyTrobriandIslanders.Itreferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.【答案】phaticcommunion【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski提出。3.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof_____.【答案】language【解析】语言学是对语言的科学研究。4.Thefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled_____features.【答案】design【解析】人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。5.Humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent（intimeandspace）atthemomentofcommunication.Thisqualityislabeledas_____.【答案】displacement【解析】移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。6.By_____ismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.【答案】duality【解析】双重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。7.Hallidayproposesatheoryofmetafunctionsoflanguage,thatis,languagehas_____,interpersonalandtextualfunctions.【答案】ideational【解析】韩理德将儿童的语言功能范围逐渐缩小，简化成为一套高度符号化和抽象化的功能：概念、人际、语篇功能。8.Ourlanguagecanbeusedtotalkaboutitself.Thisisthe_____functionoflanguage.【答案】metalingual【解析】语言的元语言功能是指语言可以用来讨论语言本身。9._____functionisrealizedbymoodandmodality.【答案】Interpersonal【解析】人际功能通过语气情态实现。10.Whenlanguageisusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanexchanginginformationorideas,itsfunctionis_____function.【答案】Interpersonal【解析】人际功能是语言最重要的社会功能，人们由此建立和维持他们的身份和社会地位。11.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof_____overwriting.【答案】speech【解析】语言学研究是以口头为基础而不是书面。12.Whenlanguageisusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanexchanginginformationorideas,itsfunctionis_____function.【答案】phatic【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，例如俚语、玩笑、行话、礼节性的问候、社会方言或地域方言的转用等。13.Linguisticsisusuallydefinedasthe_____studyoflanguage.【答案】scientific【解析】语言学通常被定义为研究科学的语言，或对语言的科学研究.。14.Bydualityismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsofthe_____levelarecomposedofelementsofthe_____levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.【答案】primary,secondary【解析】双重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。15.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsiscalled_____.【答案】Morphology【解析】形态学研究词语的内部结构组织。16._____mainlystudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.【答案】Phonetics【解析】语音学研究语音，以及语音的描写和分类。17.Semanticsand_____investigatedifferentaspectsoflinguisticmeaning.【答案】pragmatics【解析】语义学研究词作为词的意义，语用学是在语境中研究意义。18.Inlinguistics,_____referstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationassentence.【答案】syntax【解析】句法学研究形成正确句子的规则。19._____canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.【答案】Pragmatics【解析】语用学是在语境中研究意义。20.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentenceiscalled_____.【答案】syntax【解析】句法学研究语言中组合成句子的支配规则，或简单地说，研究句子的构造。21.Psycholinguisticsisconcernedprimarilywithinvestigatingthepsychological_____oflinguisticstructures.【答案】reality【解析】心理语言学研究语言与意识之间的联系，实质就是心理活动与语言结构之间的关系。22.Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguistics(utterances)as_____and_____.Theformerreferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andthelatteristheconcretemanifestationoflanguageeitherthroughspeechorthroughwriting.【答案】langue;parole【解析】语言指一个语言集团的所有成员共享的抽象语言系统，言语是指语言在实际使用中的实现。23._____grammarsattempttotellwhatisinthelanguage,while_____grammarstellpeoplewhatshouldbeinthelanguage.Mostcontemporarylinguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursnaturallyinthelanguageshouldbedescribed.【答案】descriptive;prescriptive【