语法专题12 祈使句和感叹句

语法专题12祈使句和感叹句一、祈使句用于表达命令、恳求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令。祈使句因对象(即主语)是其次人称，所以通常都省略主语。祈使句的开头动词都为原形，句末则使用句号或叹号。Goandwashyourhands.去洗你的手。(命令)Bequiet,please.请安静。(恳求)Bekindtoyoursisters.对妹妹要和善。(劝告)Lookout!Danger!当心！危急！(警告)Keepoffthegrass.勿践踏草坪。(禁止)1.祈使句的形式（1）确定祈使句的表现形式：Do型动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分Pleasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。Be型Be＋表语(名词或形容词)＋其他成分Beagoodboy！要做一个好孩子！Let型Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。【典例】—_____________dressednow!Wehavetogointenminutes.—OK,Mom.A.Getting B.Get C.Toget D.Gets（2）否定祈使句的表现形式：①Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加Don’t。Don’tforgetme!不要遗忘我！Don’tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到！②Let型的否定式有两种：＂Don’t＋let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分＂和＂Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分＂。Don’tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。③有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟！Nofishing!禁止垂钓！【典例】Daniel,_____________playwiththemobilephonewhileyou’rewalkinginthestreet.A.don’t B.doesn’t C.won’t D.can’t【口诀】祈使句用法歌诀祈使句用法歌诀祈使句，祈使句，恳求、命令或建议。主语是you常省去，动词原形开头记。否定形式要留意，句首要把Don’t加。要讲客气用please，句首、句末没关系。考向一：感叹句的基本用法用来表示说话人猛烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导，具体用法如下表：类别结构例句what引导What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词（+主语+谓语）!Whatakindgirl(sheis)!（她是）一个多么和善的女孩啊！What+形容词+复数可数名词/不行数名词（+主语+谓语）!Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!多么秀丽的花！Whatbadweather(itis)!多么糟糕的天气！how引导How+主语+谓语!Howtimeflies!时间飞逝！How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）!Howbrave(theherois)!（这个英雄）真英勇！Howslowlyhewalks!他走得多慢啊!How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词（+主语+谓语）!Howclever(aboyheis)!（他是）一个多么聪慧的男孩啊！（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—GuAiling________herdreamandwontwogoldmedalsinBeijing2022WinterOlympics.—___________excellentgirl!A．achieved;How B．cametrue;How C．achieved;Whatan D．cametrue;Whatan考向二：陈述句改感叹句陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用＂一断二加三换位＂的方法：1.＂一断＂，即在谓语后边断开，使句子分为两部分。Sheis‖abeautifulgirl.她是一位秀丽的姑娘。Heworks‖hard.他工作努力。2.＂二加＂，即假如其次部分为副词、形容词，就加上how；假如是一个名词(词组)，就加上what。Sheis‖(what)abeautifulgirl.Heworks‖(how)hard.3.＂三换位＂，即把第一部分与其次部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹号。Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!Howhardheworks!感叹句记忆口诀感叹句，并不难，what与how应在前。形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见一、单项选择1．________climbthemountains(山).A．Not B．Don’t C．Notdo D．No2．Let’s________andplay________soccertogether,shallwe?A．go;the B．goes;/C．going;/ D．go;/3．—Let’s________forawalk,shallwe?—Goodidea.A．togo B．go C．going4．It’stoomessy.Please_____thatboxunderthebed.A．toput B．putting C．put D．puts5．________getoffthebusbeforeitstops.A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Didn’t D．Not6．Thereisapictureontheground.Please________.A．pickupit B．pickitup C．pickeditup D．pickedupit7．________rightandgodownQiuzhiStreet.A．Turn B．Turns C．Toturn D．Turning8．—Lookatthesign.“________swimming!”—Soit________bedangeroustoswimhere.A．Don’t;must B．Not;may C．Notbe;can D．No;must9．________therealone,becauseit’sdangerous.A．Nottogo B．Notgo C．Notgoing D．Don’tgo10．Givemeachance,________Iwillproveittoyou.A．and B．till C．though D．while11．________yourbedroominfiveminutesthenyou’llhaveenoughtimeforbreakfast.A．Tidyup B．Tidiesup C．Tidyingup D．Tidiedup12．—________lateforschoolagain,Tom!

—Sorry,I________.A．Don’t;won’t B．Don’tbe;won’tC．Don’tbe;don’t D．Don’t;will13．Don’t________late.A．is B．are C．be D．am14．—Kitty,________lateforschoolagain.—Sorry,Iwon’t.A．isn’t B．doesn’tbe C．don’tbe D．notbe15．Haveatry,

________youwillsucceed(成功).A．and B．or C．so D．but16．Let’s________sports.A．toplay B．play C．playing17．________runinthehallways.A．Not B．Don’t C．Doesn’t18．_______talkwithyourclassmateinclass.A．No B．Neverto C．Notto D．Don’t19．Alan,________playbasketballhere.Yoursisterissleepingnow.A．not B．doesn’t C．don’t20．Don’t________becauseheneedsagoodrest.A．wakeuphim B．wakehimup C．towakeuphim D．towakehimup21．Please________thesebooks,fortheyareintheway.A．moveout B．movein C．movesaway D．moveaway22．Thereisasignonthewall,saying“________!”A．nophoto B．Nophotoes C．Don’tphotos D．Nophotos23．________takeabustoschool.A．Whatabout B．Whynot C．Let’s D．Shallwe24．Lookatthesign.No________!Youcan’tsmokehere.A．smoke B．smokes C．smoking D．smoked25．Don’t________yourson.Heisnotachildanylonger.A．worryabout B．worriedabout C．beworryabout D．worryat26．________beafraid.Wearewithyou.A．Not B．NoC．Don’t D．Doesn’t27．—________interestingmovieitis!—Yes.A．Howan B．Howa C．Whatan D．Whata28．—________itis!—Yes,wearefeelingquitecheerfulaboutit.A．Howniceweather B．Whataniceweather C．Whatniceweather D．Howaniceweather29．________fastLiuMeiruns!A．How B．What C．Whata D．Howa30．________sunnydayitis!Let’sgotohaveapicnic.A．What B．How C．Whata D．Howa31．_________itistogofishinginsuchfineweather!A．Whatafun B．Howfun C．Whatfun D．Howafun32．________funnythestoryis!A．What B．How C．Howan D．Whata33．________hardworkhehasgot!A．What B．Whata C．Whatthe D．How34．______niceweatherwehaveinChina!A．What B．Whata C．Whatan D．How35．______interestingbookitis!A．How B．Whatan C．Howa D．Whata36．________niceweatheritis!Let’sgooutforapicnic.A．What B．How C．Whata D．Howa37．________usefulinformationtheteacherhasgivenus!A．What B．How C．Whata D．Howa38．________excitingtheplanis!A．Whatan B．What C．How D．Howan39．________fantasticthedragonboatteamsare!A．How B．What C．Whata40．________fineweatheritis!Let’sgoonapicnic.A．Whata B．What C．How D．Howa41．一________freshairitisnow!—Yes.________gooutforawalk.A．What;Let B．Whata;Let’s C．What;Let’s D．How;Letus42．________greatbasketballplayerJamesHardenis!Ilikehimverymuch.A．What B．How C．Whata D．Howa43．—Look!_______excitedthegirlsare!—Yes.Theywonthegamethisafternoon.A．What B．WhatanC．Whata D．How44．_______clevertheboyis!A．How B．Howa C．What D．Whata45．_______usefuladviceitis!Thankyouforyourhelp.A．Whata B．What C．Whatan D．How46．________usefulmessageitis!Thankyouverymuch.A．How B．Whatan C．What D．Whata47．________excitingidea!A．What B．How C．Whatan D．Howan48．______greatfunitistolistentothemusicafteraday’sstudy!A．What B．Whata C．Whatan D．How49．________excitingnewsitis!Mybrotherpassedtheexam!A．What B．Whatan C．How D．Howan50．________usefulinformationyou’vegivenus!A．Whata B．Howa C．How D．What二、阅读理解64-year-oldZhangGuimeiisateacher.ShehelpsyounggirlsfrompoorfamiliesinYunnantogotoschool.WhenZhangwas17,shebegantoteachinamiddleschoolinHuapingCounty.Once,shegotillbuthadnomoneyforthetreatment(治疗).Withthehelpofthepeoplethere,shegothealthy.“Imustdosomethingforthem,”Zhangsaid.Afterthat,shecameupwithanideaofafree-tuition(学费)highschool.In2002,shehadasix-yearjourneytocollect(筹集)money.In2008,Zhangsetup(创办)HuapingGirlsHighSchool.Now,about1,600girlsfromtheschoolwenttouniversities(高校).“ThankstoZhang,shemakesusgirlsfrompoorfamiliesgoandseetheworldoutside,”saidYangQian,agraduate(毕业生)fromZhang’sschool.Zhang’sstorymovesmanypeople.Tohelpher,46graduatesfromYunnanNormalUniversitygoestoherschooleachyear.51．WhatdoesZhangdotohelpthoseyounggirls?A．Shebecomesateacher. B．Shegivesthemmoney.C．Shehelpsthemtogotoschool. D．Shehelpspoorfamilies.52．WhydoesZhangwanttohelppeopleinHuapingCounty?A．Becausesheteachesthere. B．BecauseshehasnomoneyC．Becauseshewantsthetreatment. D．Becauseshegothelpfrompeoplethere.53．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“cameupwith”mean?A．实现 B．想出 C．拿出 D．隐蔽54．HowwouldtheYunnanNormalUniversityhelpZhang?A．Bygivingmorejobstoherstudents. B．Bygivingallherstudentsagoodeducation(教育).C．Bygivingmoneytoherschool. D．Byhelpingherschoolwithteachingwork.55．WhichofthefollowingcanbetheBESTtitleforthepassage?A．AGoodSchool B．AWonderfulDream C．AGreatTeacher D．PoorGirls三、完形填空Ourschoolisgoingtobuildanewclassroombuilding.Ourteacherasks56tomakea“timecapsule(胶囊)”together.Whatis57timecapsule?Itisabox58youcanputsomethinginitforpeopleinthefuture.Whenworkersstart59thebuilding,theywillputourtimecapsuleinsidethewall.Maybeinahundredyears,someone60it.So,whattoputinit?Someonesayswecanputina61withpopularmusicoftoday.Peopleinthefuturewillknow62kidslikeusenjoyedlisteningto.Someoneelsethinksofleavingtoday’sdrawing.It63showwhatourworldislike.Therearemanyothergoodideas—afavouritebook,picturesofourschoolandpicturesofus.Ithinkwecanallwriteashortletter64them.Otherstudentsliketheidea.Everyoneis65.Whatwouldyouputinatimecapsuleifyouweremakingone?56．A．we B．us C．our57．A．a B．an C．the58．A．and B．or C．but59．A．build B．tobuild C．tobuilding60．A．find B．finds C．willfind61．A．CD B．CD’s C．CDs62．A．how B．why C．what63．A．can B．should C．need64．A．