2025版高考英语一轮复习选修7Unit3Underthesea学案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit3Underthesea————[单元主题语境]———人与自然之人与环境、人与动植物(2024·高考北京卷)话题：气候变暖与海洋颜色变更词数：274难度：★★★★Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging，”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter？Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean，Dutkiewiczsaid，“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable，buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid，“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。本语篇话题新奇，学问性强，旨在引导考生从生态文明的视角思索环境爱护的意义和价值，共建绿色家园。42．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.解析：段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。其次段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五彩缤纷的图案；气候变更又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所削减，导致海洋表面的颜色变更。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变更的缘由，故B项正确。答案：B43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.解析：词义揣测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖变更了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅须要阳光和二氧化碳，也须要养分。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。答案：A44．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.解析：推理推断题。由倒数其次段可知，这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，假如某些种类的浮游植物消逝了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，所以A项“浮游植物在海洋生态中所起的作用越来越小”是不对的；Dutkiewicz的模型不是用来推断浮游植物的变更的，而是推断海洋的变更的，解除B项；浮游植物不是用来限制全球气候的，解除C项。由第四段中的“Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.”可知，浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。答案：D45．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.解析：主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变更对海洋有影响，故C项正确。答案：C一、语言实力熟词生义/词类活用1．fuelvt.促进；加强2．keyadj.主要的3．mattervi.重要，要紧4．whilen．一段时间二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——词义揣测题的解题技巧常用的词义揣测技巧有：1.依据定义或上下文说明进行揣测；2.依据同位关系进行揣测；3.依据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行揣测；4.依据转折或对比关系进行揣测。如第43题，由转折连词but及下一句可知，气候变暖变更了海洋的主要特征，影响了浮游生物的生长，因为它们不仅须要阳光和二氧化碳才能生长，而且须要养分，可知本句主要是说浮游生物对气候的变更很敏感。2．分析长难句并翻译句子Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.[分析]此句中while表对比，意为“然而，不过”；现在分词短语leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance在句中作结果状语。[翻译]气候变更将在某些地区促进浮游植物的生长，而在其他地区则会削减浮游植物的生长，从而导致海洋外观的变更。三、文化素养思索：通过阅读这篇文章，你对海洋及海洋生物有何相识？海洋是生命的摇篮，在海里生活着成千上万的海洋生物。它们不仅是维护地球生态系统的重要组成部分，而且为人们供应了大量的食物。随着全球人口的激增，陆地空间已经越来越少，因此对于海洋的探究和开发就显得尤为重要。授课提示：对应学生用书第209页NO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………[先识记]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．abandonthematch放弃竞赛2．urgehimtostay劝他留下3．fleetoBritain逃到英国4．reflectthesunlight反射阳光5．pauseforamoment暂停一会儿6．dragsb.outtoaconcert硬拖某人去听音乐会7．diveintothewater跳入水中8．shootatthetarget打靶9．sitoppositeeachother彼此相对而坐10．anannualreport年度报告11．awitnesstotheaccident事务的目击者12．avividdescription活灵活现的描绘13．anarrowcircleoffriends狭小的挚友圈14．ashallowanalysis肤浅的分析[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Mostpeopleagreethatthereisacause­effectrelationship/relationbetweenobesityandunhealthyeating.Inotherwords，yourhealthisrelatedtowhatyoueat.(relate)2．Thewaterconservationissoimportantthatwemustpaymuchattentiontoconservingourdrinkingwater.(conserve)3．Ifyoucan'tfindanyaccommodationelsewhere，hereisaroomwhichcanaccommodateuptofivepeople.(accommodation)4．Excuseme.Couldyoulendmeyournewsharpener?Mypencilisn'tsharpatall，soImustsharpenit.(sharp)5．Thoughthetomatosoupistasty，I'velostmysenseoftasteandittastesjustliketastelesswater.(tasty)6．Thelakeisover10metersdeep.Sowewereallmoveddeeplybythemanwhodivedintothedepthtosavetheboy.(depth)7．Thesewhitebuildingsarereflectedintheriverandtheirreflectionisverybeautiful.(reflect)8．Wehaven'tfoundthemissingboyintheabandonedfactory，butwewon'tabandonanyclueandhopetofindhim.(abandon)9．Itisurgedthatweshouldfinishtheworkinsuchashortandurgenttime.(urge)02阅读单词…………标注不相识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□anecdote□migration□conservation□dimension□telescope□pension□flashlight□boundary□Antarctic□steep□shore□yell□dive□jog□tide□pure□cell□suck□awesome□leap□refundNO.2短语——在拼法中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．(be)scaredtodeath吓死了2．inthemeantime在此期间；与此同时3．aimatgreataccuracy力求非常精确4．aheadoftheage在时代的前列5．getclosetonature接近自然6．beabouttowin即将成功7．holdupyourhands举起你的手8．be/becomeawareoftheproblem意识到这个问题9．helpyouout帮你摆脱逆境10．putthechairsupsidedown把椅子放颠倒了[词汇积累]1．后缀­ship表“关系、状态或技能”①friendship友情②relationship关系③partnership合伙④hardship苦难⑤citizenship公民权利(或资格)⑥membership会员⑦salesmanship推销术⑧horsemanship马术2．含­th词尾的名词①depth深度②width宽度③length长度④truth真理⑤growth成长⑥faith信念⑦death死亡⑧warmth暖和3．“v.＋at”短语荟萃①aimat瞄准②pointat指向③arriveat到达④laughat讪笑⑤knockat敲(门、窗等)⑥callat探望某地⑦stareat注视⑧glareat怒目而视NO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请依据提示完成下列句子1．Itwasatimewhen...“曾经一度(那时)”那个时期，年轻男女们起先变更他们的父辈和祖父辈的一些传统。Itwasatimewhenyoungmenandwomenbegantochangesomeofthetraditionsoftheirparentsandgrandparents.2．beabouttodosth.“刚要做某事”我刚要出去，这时突然下起雨来。Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.3．see...beingdone“望见……正在被……”(beingdone结构作宾语补足语)在暴雨中，我看到一座建筑物正被洪水冲走。Inthestorm，Isawabuildingbeingwashedawaybytheflood.4．where...therebe...“在……的地方，有……”我们都知道，有幻想，就有希望。Weallknowthatwherethereisadream，thereishope.授课提示：对应学生用书第210页1．witnessvt.当场见到；目击；见证vi.为……作证(to)n.目击者；证人；证据[写作佳句]Theteahousewitnessedareallyenjoyabletimeforallofus.(2024·高考北京卷)茶馆见证了我们全部人真正开心的时间。[归纳拓展](1)awitnesstosth.某事的证人/证据bear/givewitnesstosth.为……作证；证明……(2)witnesssth./that...目击……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Thewitnesswhowitnessedtheaccidentpromisedtobeawitnessandgavewitnesstothevictim.②Ourschoolhaswitnessed(witness)greatchangesinthelastfewyears.实力提升——句型转换③Shewitnessedtohavingseenthemanenterthebuilding.→Shewitnessedthatshehadseenthemanenterthebuilding.[实战贴士]时间/地点名词＋witness＋sth.表示“某时/某地目睹/见证了某事/……是某事发生的时间/地点”。2．urgevt.督促；极力主见；驱策n.剧烈的欲望；冲动[写作佳句]Peoplenotonlycastonlinevotesthemselves，butalsourgeotherstovoteforcompetitionslikethe“MostBeautifulTeacher”andthe“CutestBaby”．人们不仅在网上给自己投票，而且也督促别人给像“最美老师”和“最可爱的宝宝”这样的竞赛投票。[归纳拓展](1)urgesb.todosth.督促某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(Itisurgedthatsb.shoulddosth.,urgethatsb.shoulddosth.))坚决要求/极力主见某人应当做某事(2)have/feelanurgetodosth.渴望做某事(3)urgentadj.紧急的；迫切的；急迫的urgentlyadv.紧急地urgencyn．紧急；督促[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Mymotheralwaysurgesmetodo(do)myhomeworkasquickaspossible.②Ineverfeltanurgetolearnanysignlanguagebefore.③Imakeanurgent(urge)appealthatmeasuresshouldbetakentocopewiththesituation.④Itisstronglyurgedbystudentsthatthelibrary(should)bekept(keep)openduringtheweekend.实力提升——一句多译父母应当主动地督促孩子利用加入体育队的机会。⑤Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.(简洁句)⑥Parentsshouldactivelyurgethattheirchildrenshouldtakeadvantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.(复合句)3．abandonvt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃；中止；使放纵n．放任；放纵[写作佳句]Weshouldabandonthosebadhabitsthatareharmfultoourhealth，suchassmokinganddrinking.我们应当摒弃那些对我们健康有害的坏习惯，如吸烟、喝酒等。[归纳拓展](1)abandononeselfto(doing)sth.沉湎/尽情于(做)某事abandon(doing)sth.放弃(做)某事(2)withabandon放纵地；放任地(3)abandonedadj.被遗弃的；放纵的beabandonedto沉湎于……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Iwillneverabandonreaching(reach)thetopofthe“mountain”becauseIwanttobesuccessfulinlife.②However，theseplanswereabandoned(abandon)becauseoffinancialproblems.③Wesawabandoned(abandon)farmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.实力提升——补全句子④Neverabandonyourselftosadnessandhopelessness(沉醉于哀痛和无望之中)．Cheerup!4．reflectvt.映射；反射；反映；思索vi.思索[写作佳句]What'smore，thetraditionalChinesedresscan'treflecttheuniquecultureofourschool.(2024·高考江苏卷)更重要的是，传统的中国服装不能反映我们学校独特的文化。[归纳拓展](1)reflecton/uponsth.反省/仔细思索某事(2)reflectionn．反射；反照；反映；映像；思索onreflection一再考虑[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Usuallyachild'sbehaviourisareflection(reflect)ofhisfamilyrelationshipandgrowthenvironment.②Chineseculturaltraditionsarereflected(reflect)invariouscelebrationsoftheMid­AutumnFestival.③Reflecting(reflect)onhervolunteerexperience，Tinafeltproudofwhatshemanagedtoachievetogetherwithherlocalcolleagues.实力提升——补全句子④Youshouldsetasidesometimetoreflecton/uponyoursuccessandfailure(留出一些时间反思你的成功和失败)．5．help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱逆境或危难；帮助[写作佳句]Asheismybestfriend，whenIamintroublehewillcertainlyhelpmeout.因为他是我最好的挚友，所以当我遇到麻烦时他确定会帮我。[归纳拓展](1)helpsb.with/(to)dosth.帮助某人某事/做某事can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事can'thelpbutdosth.只得做某事；不得不做某事helpyourself(tosth.)随意自己动手(吃/用……)(2)withthehelpofsb.＝withone'shelp在某人的帮助下beofhelpto＝behelpfulto/for对……有帮助[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Iwouldbehappytohelpyouwithyourfashionchange.②Wethinkthisistheopportunityforusyouthtocontributetohelpingthevictimsout.③Itoldthestorytotheclass.Assadasitwas，Icouldn'thelpsmiling(smile)．实力提升——一句多译希望这些建议对你有帮助。(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)④Hopefully，thesesuggestionswouldhelpyouout.(helpv．)⑤Hopefully，thesesuggestionswouldbehelpfulfor/toyou.(helpful)⑥Hopefully，thesesuggestionswouldbeofhelptoyou.(helpn．)6．be/becomeawareof对……知道、明白；意识到……[写作佳句]Inconclusion，peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.总之，全世界的人们都应当意识到水资源短缺的真实状况。[归纳拓展](1)beawarethat...意识到/体会到……(2)awarenessn．意识；相识；觉悟developanawarenessof渐渐懂得；培育……的意识raiseanawarenessof提高……意识[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①LearningEnglishnotonlyincreasesmyawareness(aware)offoreignculturesbutalsohelpsmetocommunicatewithEnglish­speakingpeopleandtomakemorenewfriends.②Inmyopinion，it'sveryimportanttodevelopanawarenessofhealthnow.③Asamemberofsociety，I'mawarethatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabettersociety.④Someactivitiesshouldbecarriedouttomakepeopleawareoftheimportanceofdonatingblood.实力提升——完成句子⑤IwouldliketospeakforpandassothatIcanlearnmoreabouthowtoprotectthemandraisepeople'sawarenessofanimalprotection.我想为大熊猫代言，这样我就能更多地了解如何爱护它们，并提高人们对动物爱护的意识。7．where...therebe...“在……的地方，有……”[教材原句]Thewaterwasquiteshallowbutwherethereefended，therewasasteepdroptothesandyoceanfloor.水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的终点，就有一个陡坡，始终下降到满是沙子的海底。[归纳拓展](1)where...therebe...意为“在……的地方，有……”，where引导地点状语从句。(2)where可以引导定语从句，修饰它前面的先行词。(3)where可以引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①IarrivedearlyatByronBaywhereweweresupposedtomeet.②Today，peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.③Whereneighboursshareexperiences，thereisrenewedlifeandenergy.实力提升——一句多译一个新的体育馆在一年前还是草地的地方拔地而起。(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)④Anewstadiumhasarisenwheretherewasnothingbutagrasslandayearago.(状语从句)⑤Anewstadiumhasarisenintheplacewheretherewasnothingbutagrasslandayearago.(定语从句)授课提示：对应学生用书第212页[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2024·高考江苏卷)LoveFone，acompanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem，openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2024.vt.抛弃②(2024·高考北京卷)Armedwiththisknowledge，they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.adj.针对性的③(2024·高考天津卷)Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.vt.使缩小④(2024·高考浙江卷)Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.vt.对准2．一词多义①(2024·高考江苏卷)Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind，reflectingman'sintelligenceandcreativity.CA．反射 B．思索C．反映②(2024·高考天津卷)Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe，you'llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.BA．锋利的 B．灵敏的C．锋利的③(2024·高考天津卷)Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty(房产)neat，clean，andingoodrepair.BA．好的 B．整齐的C．匀整的Ⅱ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)TherearethreebooksIrereadannually(annual)．②(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessing(witness)theirmotherearnherdegree.③(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek，”hesaid.④(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Thepurposeoftheprogramistosharpen(sharp)students'communicationskills.⑤(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepth(deep)ofyourmotivation.⑥(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)JeffhadhuntedinIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog，Rosie，butthegunshotshadscared(scare)thedogoff.⑦(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Thenewspapersofthenewtrendweretargetedatcommonpeople.2．完形填空①(2024·高考江苏卷)Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.Success36fundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandoftheeventsinourlives.A．depends B．holdsC．keeps D．reflects解析：句意：成功取决于我们对自己和生活中发生的事情的看法。dependon“依靠，取决于”；holdon“坚持，抓住”；keepon“接着”；reflecton“思索”。答案：A②(2024·高考天津卷)“DoesJenniferlivehere？”Iheardaladysay.Inmyhusband'shandwasmywallet，withnotapenny20.A．missing B．returnedC．remaining D．abandoned解析：依据语境可知，钱包完好无损地回来了，故本处意为“一便士也没丢”。missing“丢失的”；returned“归还的”；remaining“剩余的”；abandoned“被遗弃的”。答案：A③(2024·高考