高考英语创新人教版讲义必修四unit1

写作句型锤炼主体段落常用句型锤炼之十一：it作形式宾语先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心1.IthinkitgreatfuntolearnthepoemswrittenintheTangDynastywithyou.我觉得和你一起学习唐诗是很有趣的。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)2.Parentsusuallyhavesuchhighexpectationsthattheirchildrenfindithardtoliveuptothem.(2016·上海卷·书面表达)父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得很难不辜负父母的期望。3.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldcheckthecontentsandformatforme.如果你能为我检查一下内容和格式，我将不胜感激。(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)4.Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。5.Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来1.我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。I__think__it__my__honor__to__be__invited__to__speak__here.2.汤姆发现用汉语写信并不难。Tom__find__it__not__difficult__to__write__letters__in__Chinese.3.会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。We__all__thought__it__a__pity__that__the__conference__should__have__been__cancelled.

Ⅰ.重点单词—识记·联想·运用[会书写]一、核心单词1.worthwhileadj.值得的；值得做的2.respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意3.supportn.&vt.支持；拥护4.kindnessn.仁慈；好意5.delivervt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)6.modestadj.谦虚的；谦让的；适度的二、阅读单词1.projectn.项目；工程；规划2.campaignn.运动；战役vi.作战；参加运动3.entertainmentn.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演4.crowdn.人群；观众vt.挤满；使拥挤5.audiencen.观众；听众；读者6.emergencyn.突发事件；紧急情况7.generationn.一代，一辈三、拓展单词1.achievementn.成就；功绩→achievevt.完成；达到2.connectionn.连接；关系→connectvt.连接3.organizationn.组织；机构；团体→organizevt.组织4.behavevt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviourn.行为；举止；习性5.observevt.观察；观测；遵守→observationn.观察；观测6.arguevt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argumentn.争论；争辩；争吵7.inspirevt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的→inspirationn.鼓舞；灵感8.refervi.谈到；查阅；参考→referencen.提及；涉及；参考；查阅9.intendvt.计划；打算→intentionn.打算；目的；意图10.considerateadj.考虑周到的→considerv.考虑；认为→considerationn.考虑；体谅→consideringprep.考虑到[会积累]1.“鼓舞；激励”动词家族①inspire鼓舞；激发②encourage鼓励；激励③motivate激发；激励2.后缀­ment构成的抽象名词①adjustment调整②agreement协议③amusement娱乐，消遣④announcement宣布⑤appointment约定3.以­ency结尾的高频名词小结①emergency紧急情况②efficiency效率；功率③tendency趋向；趋势④fluency流利；流畅4.­ation结尾高频名词集锦①inspiration灵感；鼓舞②civilization文明③expectation期望④adaptation适应；改编本[会应用]用所给词的适当形式填空1.AllthesitesarefreetothepublicandaccessibletoanyonewithanInternetconnection(connect).2.Itwasconsiderate(consider)ofyounottoplaythepianowhileIwasasleep.3.Iholdthefirmbeliefthatyouareboundtoachieveyourdreamofbeingadmittedtoakeyuniversity，whichwillgiveyouawonderfulsenseofachievement.(achieve)4.Withtheintentionofbeingfamousandrich，manyordinarypeopleintendtotakepartinsomeTVshows，suchasChineseDream.(intend)5.Therewasaheatedargumentaboutwhetherhewassuitablefortheposition，andmostofthepeoplearguedforhim.(argue)6.Thecrowdwentdirectlytotheaccidentscene，andthespotwascrowdedwithpeople.(crowd)7.Tombehavedwellattheparty；hisgoodbehaviordelightedhisparentsgreatly.(behave)Ⅱ.核心短语—识记·联想·运用[会书写]1.move__off离开；起程；出发2.lead/live__a...life过着……的生活3.crowd__in(想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海4.look__down__upon/on蔑视；瞧不起5.refer__to查阅；参考；谈到6.bychance碰巧；凑巧7eacross__(偶然)遇见；碰见8.carryon__继续；坚持9.devote...to...__献身于……；专心于……10.workout__解决；锻炼身体；结果是[会积累]1.“动词＋on”必备短语一览①carryon继续，坚持②keepon继续前进/工作③liveon继续存在，靠……为生④goon前进，继续⑤moveon继续前进⑥insiston坚持⑦passon传递2.“查字典”的多种表达①lookupawordinadictionary②refertoadictionary③consultadictionary[会应用]选用上表左栏短语填空1.SomeofthestudentshavealreadylearnedenoughEnglishtocarry__onaconversationwithanativespeaker.2.By__chancehefoundtheverybookhewasalwayslookingfor.3.Youshouldrespectthem；afterallnoonelikesbeinglooked__down__upon/on.4.Shetriedtosleep，buttoomanythoughtscrowded__inonher.5.Devoted__tohisresearchwork，thescientisthaslittletimetospendwithhisfamily.6.Please__refer__tothedictionaryifyoudon’tknowhowtopronouncetheword.Ⅲ.经典句式—分析·背诵·仿写句型公式1：only在句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。[教材原句]Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。[句型仿写]Onlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagaindid__we__realize__that__there__was__a__mistake.只有当我们再次研究了这些数据的时候，我们才意识到出了一个错。句型公式2：once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。[教材原句]OnceIstop，itallescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。[句型仿写]Failurecanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonce__you__learn__to__make__use__of__it.一旦学会了利用失败，那么失败就能为你的生活做出积极的贡献。句型公式3：“Ithit(s)sb＋从句”表示“某人突然想起……”。[教材原句]Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。It__suddenly__hit__me__thatIhadleftmypassportonthetableinthekitchen.我突然想到我把护照落在厨房的桌子上了。句型公式4：Itis/was...that/who...强调句。[教材原句]Furtherreadingmademerealizethatitwashardworkanddeterminationaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.进一步的阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。[句型仿写]It__was__your__help__and__kindness__thatmademystudyandlifeintheUKspecialandenjoyable.正是你的帮助和体贴让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。Ⅳ.语段改错—回顾·修正·热诵文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。JaneGoodallhadwantedtoworkwithanimalintheirownenvironmentsinceshewasachild.Butthiswasnoteasy.Whenshefirstarrivedinbein1960，itwasunusualofawomantoliveintheforest.However，withthehelpofhismother，shebeganherworkwiththechimps，whichhadchangedthewaythatpeoplethinkaboutchimps.Spendyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities，Janediscoveredthatchimpshuntandeatmeat，againstthatpeopleusedtothink.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpsmunicatetoeachother.Havingworkedwiththechimpsforyears，Janearguedthatwildanimalsshouldleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo，butmoreimportant，shehasgottheworldtounderstandandrespectedthelivesofchimps.答案JaneGoodallhadwantedtoworkwitheq\f(animal,animals)intheirownenvironmentsinceshewasachild.Butthiswasnoteasy.Whenshefirstarrivedinbein1960，itwasunusualeq\f(of,for)awomantoliveintheforest.However，withthehelpofeq\f(his,her)mother，shebeganherworkwiththechimps，whicheq\a\vs4\al(had)changedthewaythatpeoplethinkaboutchimps.eq\f(Spend,Spending)yearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities，Janediscoveredthatchimpshuntandeatmeat，againsteq\f(that,what)peopleusedtothink.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpsmunicateeq\f(to,with)eachother.Havingworkedwiththechimpsforyears，Janearguedthatwildanimalsshouldleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo，butmoreeq\f(important,importantly)，shehasgottheworldtounderstandandeq\f(respected,respect)thelivesofchimps.[核心词汇]1.behavevt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现(1)behavewell/badlyto/towardssb对待某人好/差behaveoneself守规矩；表现得体(2)well­behavedadj.表现好的badly­behavedadj.表现差的(3)behaviourn.举止；行为①Janehasstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehave__like__humans.(教材原句)简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么相似。②Ifparentsdonotteachtheirchildhowtobehave__himself，hewilldoanythingatwill.如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩，他做任何事情会我行我素。③Ithinkallofusshouldmindourbehaviour(behave)inpublicplaces.我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的行为举止。2.observevt.观察；观测；注意到；遵守；庆祝[一词多义]写出下列句中observe的含义①Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.(教材原句)观察②Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears，manyChinesestillobservethetraditionalcustoms.遵守③ThanksgivingDayisobservedasageneralholidaybytheAmericanpeople.庆祝④Thethiefwasobservedtoopenthewindowandrunaway.注意到(1)observeChristmas/NewYear’sDay/festivals庆祝圣诞/元旦/节日observeeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbdoingsth观察/注意到某人在做某事,（强调动作在进行）,sbdosth观察/注意到某人做过,某事（强调动作过程）,that/wh­clause观察到……；注意到))(2)observationn.观察；注意；监视⑤Itiseverybody’sdutytoobservethemkeep(keep)oursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.(2015·江苏卷·书面表达)监督他们维持社会秩序并靠右行驶是每一个人的责任。3.arguevi.&vt.讨论；辩论；争辩；说服(1)arguefor...为……而争论；为……而辩护argueagainst争辩(反对……)arguewithsbon/about/oversth与某人争辩某事arguesbinto/outofdoingsth说服某人做/不做某事arguethat...提出理由说明；主张……(2)argumentn.争论；争辩；论点beyondargument无可辩解①Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshould__be__left(leave)inthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.(教材原句)她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。②Wetriedmanywaysto__argue__him__intofollowingouradvice，butinvain.我们想尽各种办法说服他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。③Somearguedthatattention(should)__be__paid(pay)toourheavyroadtraffic.(2015·江苏卷·书面表达)一些人主张应该多注意我们拥堵的道路交通。[名师指津]arguethat...意为“主张……”时，that从句的谓语动词常使用虚拟语气“(should)do”形式。[联想发散]表示“说服……做……”的其他表达：①persuadesbtodosth②persuadesbintodoingsth③convincesbtodosth④talksbintodoingendvt.计划；打算(1)intenddoing/todosth打算做某事intendsbtodosth打算让某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(hadintendedtodosth,intendedtohavedonesth))本来打算做某事(2)beintendedtodosth/forsth专门为……；专门给……①Ilookedcarefullyatthetextandrealizedthatitwas__intended__forwomeninthecountryside.(教材原句)我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是专门为农村妇女写的。②I’mwritingtotellyoumyexcitingplanforthesummerholiday.Iintend__to__join/joining(join)aDragonBoatTrainingCamp.(2015·北京卷·书面表达)我写信告诉你我暑假令人兴奋的计划，我打算参加龙舟训练营。③Wehad__intended(intend)toarriveatourdestinationat9o’clock，butwedidn’tbecauseofthetrafficjam.我们本来打算在9点钟到达目的地，但是由于交通堵塞我们晚点了。5.supportn.&vt.支持；拥护[高考佳句]Fromdawntodusk，heworkscountlesshourstosupportourfamily.从早到晚，为了养活我们一家人，他没日没夜地工作。(1)supportsb/afamily支持某人/赡养家庭supportsbin(doing)sth在(做)某事方面支持某人supportoneself自力更生(2)insupportofsb/sth支持或支援某人/某物①Janewaspermittedtobeginherworkafterhermothercameto__support__her.(教材原句)简在妈妈来帮助她之后才得到允许开始工作。②Hehadtodoanextrajobafterwork，forhehadabigfamily__to__support(support).他下班后得从事另外的工作，因为他有一大家人要养活。③Severalexpertshavespokenin__support__ofthebanondrunkdriving.几位专家都表示支持禁止酒后驾车。6.lookdownupon/on蔑视；轻视；瞧不起lookupto尊敬；仰视lookforwardto盼望；期待lookinto调查；观察；窥视lookup抬头看；查阅lookbackon回顾①Therefore，thereisnoreasonforusto__look__down__upon/onordinaryjobs.因此，我们没有理由轻视普通的工作。②Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoonlook__intothecaseoftwomissingchildren.据报道，警察即将要调查这两名失踪儿童的案件。③Iliketolook__back__onmyhighschooldays，whichwerethehappiestinmylife.我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我生命中最快乐的时光。7.referto谈到；参考；查阅；提及；涉及[一词多义]写出下列句中referto的含义①Ifyoudon’tknowtheexactmeaningoftheword，youmayrefertothedictionary.查阅②Yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.参考③Wehavereachedanagreementthatwewillnotrefertothematteragain.提及④Thenewlawdoesnotrefertolandusedforfarming.涉及(1)referto...as...把……称作……refer...to...把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)(2)referencen.言及；提及；参考；查阅in/withreferenceto关于⑤SomepeoplerefertothecolorofApple’sgold­colorediPhoneas“tuhaogold”.一些人将苹果公司的金色iPhone的颜色称为“土豪金”。⑥Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedasreference(refer)bookswhilethemagazinesserveasreadingmaterials.(2015·天津卷·书面表达)课本和字典可以用作参考书而杂志可作为阅读材料。[名师指津]lookup表示“参考；查阅”时，其宾语多为word，information等；而referto表示“参考；查阅”时，其宾语多为book，dictionary等。[重点句型]1.Suddenlyit__hit__me__howdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。句中使用了“Ithit(s)me＋从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：Itoccurs/occurredtosbthat...(某人)突然想到……Itstrikes/strucksbthat...(某人)突然想到……Ithappens/happenedthat...碰巧……①IthitmethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.→ItstruckmethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.→ItoccurredtomethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.我忽然想到我告诉他们的号码是错的。②Ithappenedthattheyspenttheirchildhoodinthesamevillage.碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。2.OnceIstop，itallescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”①Wemustunderstandthatahabitisdifficultandsometimesalmostimpossibletogetridofonce__it__is__formed.我们必须明白：习惯一旦形成，就很难，甚至有时几乎不可能改掉。②Oncebroadcast(broadcast)，theTVplaywillbeverypopularwithyoungpeople.一旦开播，这部电视剧就会很受年轻人的欢迎。[名师指津]如果once引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，或从句为“itbe...”形式时，从句中的“主语＋be”或“itbe”可以省略。[当堂达标]Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Anyonecanbeavictimofroadaccidentsifhedoesn’tobserve(遵守)trafficregulations.2.Havingalargefamilytosupport(支撑；养活)，hetookuptwopart­timejobsinhissparetime.3.Heissuchagreatmanthatallofusshowourrespect(尊敬)forhim.4.Hethinksitworthwhile(值得的)todevoteallhislifetoteachingsincehehaswongreatrespectfromhisstudents.5.Whencustomersplaceanorderwithus，theirordershouldbedelivered(运送)withinaweek.6.Noneofushadseenanemergency(紧急情况)likethisandwewereallterrified.7.Yesterdaythepolicebeganacampaign(行动)tostoptakingdrugs.8.Inspired(鼓舞)bythespeech，thelittlegirlmadeuphermindtoworkevenharder.9.Whatdoyouintend(打算)todowhenyouhavefinishedyourstudiesintheUK?10.MyparentslovedmeverymuchandIhadaveryhappychildhood(童年).Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Theteacherinspireshisstudentsto__give(give)theiropinionsactivelyeveniftheyaredifferentfromhisown.2.Thelittleboy’sbadbehaviour(behave)atthepartymadehisparentsupset.3.Withourteachersupporting(support)us，wefeelquiteencouraged.4.Ideeplyappreciateyourkindness(kind)iningsofartomeetme.5.Hewasunhappybecausemanypeoplearguedagainsthisplan.6.Youshouldreferthismattertoourteacherforadecision.7.WeallknowthatYuanLongpingisfamousforhisscientificachievements(achieve).8putershavereplacedtelevisionsasourmostpopularformofentertainment(entertain).9.Doyoubelievethatthere’saconnection(connect)betweensmokingandheartdisease?10.Doyouwanttogetthisbookdelivered(deliver)toyourhouseorwouldyouprefertoetotheshopforityourself?Ⅲ.单句改错1.Themealover，themanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomtocarryouttheirdiscussion.out→on2.IoftenlookatthewordsIdon’tknowinthedictionaryorontheInternet.at→up3.Itdidn’toccurhimthatshewouldrefusehisinvitation.occur后加to4.Youpromisedtodeliverthegoodsforourpanyimmediately，butwehaven’tseenanyofthemyet.for→to5.Acrowdofchildrenwaspassingmyhouse，singingandlaughing.was→were6.Howdiditeacrossthathumansspeaksomanydifferentlanguages？across→about7.Iintendedtocatchtheearlytrain，butIdidn’tgetupinended前加had8.Themanwasobservedenterthebankbythepolice.enter前加toⅣ.补全句子/一句多译/句型转换1.WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespect__the__opinion__of__the__majority.(2015·浙江卷·书面表达)当我有不同意见时，我可能选择放弃我的意见并尊重大多数人的意见。2.ToimproveourEnglishandgetmorestudentsinterestedinEnglish，Iintend__to__organize__some__activities__at__school.为了提高我们的英语水平，让更多的学生对英语感兴趣，我打算在学校组织一些活动。3.Onlybystudyinghardwill__you__make__progress__in__your__study.只有通过努力学习你才能在学习上取得进步。4.说服农民相信科学种田是我们的任务。①Itisourtaskto__argue__the__peasants__into__believingscientificfarming.(argue)②To__persuade__the__peasants__into__believing/to__believe__scientificfarmingisourtask.(persuade)③Ourtaskisto__talk__the__peasants__into__believingscientificfarming.(talk)5.Oncehewasburiedinsomething，hewouldclosehisearstoanything.(状语从句的省略)→Onceburiedinsomething，hewouldclosehisearstoanything.[课下作业]ABeforeshewasQueenofEngland，PrincessElizabethwantedtojointheAuxiliaryTerritorialService(A.T.S.)，afemalebranchoftheBritishmilitary.ItwasWorldWarⅡ，andwomenworkedatjobstraditionallyheldbymen，whowerenowoverseasfighting.Elizabethwasateenagerandfirsthadtoconvinceherparentsaboutherplan.Herfather，KingGeorgeⅥ，thoughtitwastoodangerous.ButPrincessElizabethwouldnottakenoforananswer.“Ioughttodoasothergirlsofmyagedo，”shesaidfirmly.Aftersomemonths，herparentsfinallyagreedtoletherjoin.PrincessElizabethdidnotreceiveanyspecialtreatmentintheA.T.S.TheonlythingdifferentwasthatshereturnedtoWindsorCastleeachnighttosleep.WhenshearrivedattheA.T.S.campdepot(兵站)forherfirstdayoftraining，PrincessElizabethwasgreetedbyacarwithitswheelsoff.Intheweeksthatfollowed，shelearnedtotakeapartanengineandthenassemble(装配)it.Theprincesslovedthetraining，admitting，“I’mamechanicatlast.”PrincessElizabethworkedoncar，truck，andeventankengines.Shealsolearnedtoreadmapsanddriveofficertransportcars，ambulances，andmilitarytrucks.TopleteherA.T.S.training，shewasrequiredtodriveabigtruckonherown.Thekingandqueenthoughtdrivingatruckwastoodangerous，butbeforetheycouldletherknowhowtheyfelt，theydiscoveredElizabethdrivingatruckontothepalacegrounds.ShehaddrivenfromtheA.T.S.campthroughthebusyLondonstreetsallbyherself.PrincessElizabethbecameHerRoyalMajestyQueenElizabethⅡin1952.Nowinhereighties，shestilldrives.QueenElizabethloveshorsesandstillridesfourtimeseachweek.Shealsoactivelymanagesherestate(庄园)farmatBalmoralandisoftenseenhikingthroughthecountrysidethere.【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。彬彬有礼、慈祥和蔼的英国女王伊丽莎白二世曾经还是一位会调试引擎、修理轮胎的“女汉子”。1.WhatcanwelearnaboutwomeninEnglandduringWorldWarⅡ？A.MostofthemjoinedtheA.T.S.B.Mostofthemservedinthearmy.C.Theywereallwillingtogooverseas.D.Theywereallowedtodomen’sjobs.答案D[细节理解题。由第一段中的“womenworkedatjobstraditionallyheldbymen，whowerenowoverseasfighting”可知，二战期间的英国妇女被允许在男性岗位上工作。]2.HearingPrincessElizabeth’splantojointheA.T.S.，KingGeorgeⅥinitially________.A.rejectedherrequestB.thoughthighlyofherC.gavehersomespecialtreatmentD.advisedhertodowhatothergirlsdid答案A[细节理解题。由第二段中的“KingGeorgeⅥ，thoughtitwastoodangerous.ButPrincessElizabethwouldnottakenoforananswer”可知，起初乔治六世国王拒绝了伊丽莎白公主想要参加A.T.S.的请求。]3.WhenservingintheA.T.S.，PrincessElizabeth________.A.becameanautomechanicB.wasinchargeoftheA.C.preferredtodrivethosebigtrucksD.wasrequiredtostaytherealldaylong答案A[细节理解题。由第四段中的“shelearnedtotakeapartanengineandthenassembleit”和第五段中的“PrincessElizabethworkedoncar，truck，andeventankengines”可知，在A.T.S.服役期间，伊丽莎白公主学会了拆卸各种汽车引擎，俨然变成了一位汽车修理工。第四段的I’mamechanicatlast也是提示。]4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeyoungPrincessElizabeth?A.Cautiousandfriendly.B.Determinedandbrave.C.Ambitiousandsensitive.D.Generousandconsiderate.答案B[推理判断题。由第二段伊丽莎白公主经过数月说服父母同意她参军可知，她意志力坚定；再根据第五、六段描述伊丽莎白公主独自开卡车可知，她胆子很大。]B(2018·南昌十校二模)IhateBlackFridaysales.It’softenagatheringofpeoplewhoarethereformanydifferentreasons.Somearelookingforadealonthatoneitemfortheirlovedone，orperhapsthemselves.Theirintentionsarepletelyunrelatedtothefestivetimeoftheyear.ItwasseveralyearsagowhenmywifeaskedmetomeetheratthelocaldepartmentstoreonBlackFridaymorning.Theyhadadvertisedachild’sbikethatshewantedtopurchaseforourson.Westoodwithaverylargecrowd，waitingforthemanagertoblowthewhistle.Afterawhilethewhistleblew.Itwaslikethrowingabucketofsmallfishintoatankofsharks.Itoldmywifethatifweobtainedabike，fine，butifwedidnot，IwasOKwiththattoo.Asthepileofbikesbegantograduallydecreaseinsize，Isawmypoliteopportunitytowrapmyhandsaroundthecornerofoneoftheboxes.Ilifteditupandsuddenlyfeltsomemildresistance.IlookeduptoseeoneofthelargestgentlemenIhadeverseeninmylife.Frighteningwasnotthewordtodescribehispresence.Heworelotsofbeltsofmetalstuddedleatheraroundbotharmsandevenhisneck.Tattoos(文身)wereanobviouspassionofhis.Istartedtogiveuptheboxbuthegentlypusheditbackinmydirectionandbackintomyhands.Hethendirecteditintomyshoppingcart.Helookedatme，smiled，andsaid，“MerryChristmas.”MywifeandIwenttothecheckout，paidforthebikeandwenthome.AllthewayhomeIwasthinkingthatthismomentwasbyfarthebestgiftIhadeverreceivedforChristmas.Thekindnessofastrangerbrokeallpreconceivednotions(预想)Imayhavehadofstereotypesandprejudices.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和妻子想在黑色星期五大抢购时给儿子买辆自行车，无奈百货商店里人山人海。作者本想放弃，没想到一个陌生人把自行车盒子让给了他。这让作者改变了之前对他人的偏见。5.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhengoingintothestore?A.Thecrowdwaslikesmallfish.B.Theymightnotgetthebike.C.Hewasexcitedtodotheshopping.D.Thewhistlewasblowntoolate.答案B[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Itoldmywifethatifweobtainedabike，fine，butifwedidnot，IwasOKwiththattoo.”可知作者进入商店时已经做好了买不到自行车的打算，故选B。]6.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasbuyingthebike?A.Hewasscaredbyaman’slookatfirst.B.Agentlemanboughtthebikeforhim.C.Astrangerhelpedhimliftthebox.D.Hegaveupthebikehefirsttouched.答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“IlookeduptoseeoneofthelargestgentlemenIhadeverseeninmylife.Frighteningwasnotthewordtodescribehispresence.”可知，“吓人”这个词已经不足以形容这个人的出现了。故选A。]7.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromtheexperience?A.Lookbeforeyouleap.B.Customisasecondnature.C.Doingisbetterthansaying.D.Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.答案D[推理判断题。根据第三段中对陌生人的描写可知，作者一开始因陌生人的外表而觉得他是个可怕的人；根据第四段的内容可知，陌生人把盒子让给了作者，作者由此发出感慨“Thekindnessofastrangerbrokeallpreconceivednotions(预想)Imayhavehadofstereotypesandprejudices.”，即陌生人的善意打破了作者对他人的偏见，让作者知道不能以貌取人。]8.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.BlackFridaysalesB.Myson’sbestbikeC.ThebestChristmasgiftD.Astrangegentleman答案C[标题归纳题。文章讲述了作者和妻子为儿子买自行车作为圣诞礼物时受到了陌生人的帮助的故事，作者认为那一时刻是他收到过的最好的圣诞节礼物。故C项为最佳标题。]CIt’sbeenagoodweekfornewparents:SinceTuesday，threemajorcorporationshavechangedtheirparentalleavepoliciestoreducepressureonemployeesstrugglingtobalanceworkandlifewithanewbaby.Thenewprogram，whichwilltakeeffectinNovember，offersupto16weeksoffullypaidleavetoprimarycaregiversand10weeksofmedicalleaveforchildbirth，totaling26weeksforabirthmotherwhoisherchild’sprimarycaregiver.AccordingtoTheWallStreetJournal，non­primarycaregiverswillreceiveupto14weeksofpaidleave.“IntheUS，governmentmandates(命令)forpaidleavearecurrentlyslimtononexistent，”Ms.Morrissaid.“Thatmeanspaniesmustseekthetoughbalancebetweensupportingemployeesduringmajorlifeeventsandmeetingbusinessgoals.Toooften，employeeshavenothadthesupporttheyneed.”DatafromtheBureauofLaborStatisticssayonly13percentoffull­timeworkersintheUnitedStateshadaccesstopaidfamilyleavein2012.WillisTowersWatsonbenefitsconsultantMaryTavarozzitoldReuterspaidleaveforAmericanmothersusuallylastsaroundamonth.AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes，theUnitedStatesis