2025届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪专题七动词的非谓语形式

专题七动词的非谓语形式命题规律：2024年新高考I卷及近五年课标卷在语篇型填空中对非谓语动词用法的考查比较全面，各种功能用法均有所涉及，主要考查非谓语动词作状语、宾语、定语的用法。命题趋势：1.高考将接着加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且对非谓语作宾语、状语、定语的考查仍会是考查重点。2.非谓语动词作补语可能会成为将来高考的一个难点。一、非谓语动词的概述1.非谓语动词的形式主动形式被动形式确定句不定式todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendoingtobedone,tohavebeendonev-ing形式doing,havingdonebeingdone,havingbeendone过去分词done否定句以上形式前加not,如:nottodo,notdoing,nottobedone,nothavingdone复合结构动名词名词全部格、形容词性物主代词+动名词不定式forsb./sth.todo2.非谓语动词的句法功能主语宾语补语表语定语状语不定式✔✔✔✔✔✔动名词✔✔✔✔分词✔✔✔✔练习：写出句中黑体部分在句中所作的成分1、Beingabletohaveaccesstodigitalpaymentissuchaconvenienceforusinthemodernage.2、Ourparentstellusthattheymisstheagewhentheyswamcatchingfishinthepondoftheirvillage.3、Facedwithmuchtrouble，PresidentXiJinpingismakinggreateffortstoleadustoaharmoniousdream.4、WhenIcamein，thecryingboypretendedtobesleepingonthesofa.5、Withthe5Garecoming，weshouldprepareourselvesfortherapidlydevelopingsociety.6、ThenewGaokaoreformcanmakeeveryteenagerfeelprettyambitiousforanidealfuture.7、Afterbeingovercome，thetroubleseemslikesuchatinystone.8、Embarrassedandshameful，thelittleJapaneseslippedquicklyintothecrowd.9、Tobeadmittedbyakeyuniversity，everyteenagerismanagingtofulfillhistasks.10、MaYunhavingretiredfromAlibaba，manystaffmembersaretryingtoadapttothenewworkatmosphere.答案:1、主语2、伴随状语3、时间状语4、宾语5、宾语补足语6、宾语补足语7、宾语8、伴随状语9、目的状语10、独立主格结构作状语二、非谓语动词作宾语1.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语口诀说明例句决心学会想希望decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wishShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.当我经过时，她假装没望见我。Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.我们约好了在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。拒绝设法愿假装refuse,manage,care,pretend主动答应选安排offer,promisechoose,plan同意恳求帮一帮agree,ask/beg,help此外，afford,strive,happen(碰巧)，wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。2.下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语口诀对应动词（词组）例句考虑建议盼宽恕consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardonThesquirrelswereluckythattheyjustmissedbeingcaught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.我对你今日下午回电话表示感谢。IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.我几乎不能想象彼得在五天之内横渡大西洋。Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview，forhecouldn'trisklosingthegoodopportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。承认推迟没得想admit，delay/putoff，fancy（想象，设想）避开错过接着练avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice否认完成就观赏deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险forbid，imagine，risk不禁介意准逃亡can'thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape留意：allow，permit，forbid，advise，consider后需加动名词作宾语，但假如后面出名词或代词作窦语，则用不定式作宾补。搭配：allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider+doingsth.(动名词作宾语)/sb.todosth(不定式作宾补)例句：Wedon'tallowsmokinginthehall.我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。Smokingisforbiddenherebutyouareallowedtosmokeoverthere.这里禁止吸烟，但你可以去那里吸。3.作介词的宾语无论是一般介词还是含介词的动词短语，一般状况下要用动名词作宾语。例：Ifyouinsistondoingsomething，doiteveryday.假如你坚持做某件事，那就每天做。留意：to既可以作介词，又可以作不定式符号，因此要牢记含介词to的常用短语。to作介词的短语（to后+doing）：beusedto（习惯于）beaccustomedto（习惯于）beopposedto（反对）objectto（反对）leadto（导致）bedevotedto（献身于）comecloseto（差点）stickto（坚持，坚守）getdownto（起先）payattentionto（留意）reducesb./sth.to（使沦落）例：Heisusedtogettingupearly.他习惯了很早起床。Heartfailurecansometimesleadtobeingkilled.心力衰竭有时可能会导致死亡。IwassoangrythatIcameclosetohittinghim.我如此生气以至于差点儿打他。Hewasreducedtobegginginthestreets.他沦落到沿街乞讨。4.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区分。1）remember+todosth.记着要做某事（do后于remember）+doingsth.记得做过某事（do先于remember）例：Remembertolockthedoor.记得锁门。Irememberlockingthedoor.我记得把门锁上了。2）forget+todosth.遗忘要做某事（do后于forget）+doingsth.遗忘做过某事（do先于forget）3)regret+tosay/tell/inform...缺憾地说/告知/通知……（say/tell/inform后于regret）+doingsth.懊悔做过某事（do先于regret）4）stop+todosth.停下来做另外一件事+doingsth.停下正在做的事例：Istoppeddiggingandlookedathim.我停止挖，看着他。Hestoppedtolookathim.他停下来看着他。5）try+todosth.尽力做某事+doingsth.试着做某事例：Trydoingmoreexerciseandyouwillloseweight.试着多运动，你就会减肥了。Iwilltrytoimprovemyhabit.我将尽力改进我的习惯。6）mean+todosth.准备做某事+doingsth.意味着做某事例：Raisingsalarymeansincreasingpurchasingpower.涨工资意味着提高购买力。Hedidn'tmeantohurtyou.他并没准备损害你。7）can’thelp+todosth.不能帮助做某事+doingsth.不由自主做某事例：Shecouldn'thelpburstingintotears.她禁不住突然大哭起来。Thatcan'thelptoimproveyourEnglish.那对你提高英语水平没有帮助。5.有些动词既可以用动名词也可用不定式作宾语，但用法不同。1）sb.need(s)/want(s)+todosthsth.need(s)/want(s)+doing/tobedone例：Heneedstoleaveatonce.他须要马上离开。Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.这扇窗户须要擦一下。2)sth.require(s)+doing/tobedone3)deserve+doing/tobedone4)beworthy+tobedone/ofbeingdone5)beworthdoing例：Theplaceisworthvisiting.=Theplaceisworthytobevisited.=Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.这个地方值得参观。6.动词不定式在连词but后面时，假如连词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么连词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带to。例：1、Wecoulddonothingbutwait.=Wehadnothingtodobutwait.我们除了等待，什么也做不了。2、Wehadnochoicebuttowait.我们除了等待，别无选择。练习：用所给词的适当形式填空1、Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen(hear),butI'mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.2、Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief(catch).3、Themaninsistedon(find)ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.4、AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek(watch)TV.5、Isn'tittimeyougotdownto(mark)thepapers?6、Oh,mygod,Ididn'tmean(hurt)him!Iamsosorrynow.7、Mynewhouseneeds(decorate),forwewillmarrynextyear.8、Youdeserve(shoulder)suchanannoyingresultbecauseofyourcarelessness.9、Thepoorboycandonothingbut(study)hard.10、Iregret(state)thatyouarealllateforthemeeting.11、Wearedetermined(fulfill)ourdreamthatwewillgotoPekingUniversityforfurtherstudy.12、Wehavetoadmit(make)aseriouserrorbefore,forwearefarbehindatpresent.13、Anycountrycan'tescape(punish)ifitattemptstodestroytheinterestsofothercountries.14、Whenatschool,teachersaresuretoforbidus(go)outtothedowntownalone.15、Don'tmentionitanymore!Asyouknow,wehavealreadybeenaccustomedto(live)intheschooldormitory.16、Now,itnotonlydevotesitselfto(sell)books,butcombinesthefunctionsofthebookstore,caféandthesaleofcreativeculturalproducts.17、Butifyoudofinditdifficult(fall)asleepatnight,thenyoushouldavoidnapsandtrytobuilduphealthysleepinessintheevening.18、Paststudieshaveshownalinkbetweensleepinglessandweighingmore,butscientistshavehaddifficulty(determine)"whichcamefirst,thechickenortheegg?"saysJuliefromtheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.19、Itisapartof(become)anindependentman.20、Inmymind,they'rehelpingustobecomecalmandconsider(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.答案：1.tohaveheard2.beingcaught3.finding4.watching5.marking6.tohurt7.tobedecorated/decorating8.shouldering/toshoulder9.study10.tostate11.tofulfill12.havingmade13.beingpunished/punishment14.togo15.living16.selling17.tofall18.determining19.becoming20.winning三、非谓语动词作定语1.不定式作定语1）当名词被序数词或theonly，theright等修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。Hewastheonlyonetosurvivetheplanecrash.他是这次飞机失事中唯一的生还者。2）有些名词的同源动词常跟不定式作宾语，而这些名词也常跟不定式作定语，常见的有：wish，decision，refusal，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，failure，attempt，offer，warning等。例句：1、Idon'ttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.我不信任他来访的诺言。=Hepromisedtocomeforavisit.2、Hesaidhehadnoplanstogothere.他说他没有要去那里的安排。=Hedidn'tplantogothere.3、Hemadeanattempttostandup.他试图站起来。=Heattemptedtostandup.3）有些名词的同源形容词常跟不定式作状语，而这些名词也常跟不定式作定语，常见的有：ability，anxiety，eagerness，willingness，readiness，patience，obligation，determination等。例句：Hiseagernesstogetbackhomewasquiteobvious.很明显他急于回家。vsHewaseagertogetbackhome.他急于回家。Agoodteachermusthavetheabilitytomakehimselfunderstood.一个好老师必需有把自己的学问讲明白的实力。vsHeisabletomakehimselfunderstood.他有实力把自己的学问讲明白。4）有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容，它们是：chance，opportunity，reason，way，effort，measure，movement，power，right，skill，strength，struggle，idea等不定式可以换成of+doing。例：Hehasastrangewaytomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.Hehasastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.他有一个惊奇的方法使他的课既生动又好玩。5）中心词是作定语的不定式的动作的执行者，动词不定式所表示的动作一般后于谓语动词或在将来发生。Hehadnophotographstoremindhimofthepast.他没有照片来使他回顾过去的事情。（remind后于had）Isthereanybodytocarryonthework？有人要接着这项工作吗？（tocarryon表示将来）6）havesth.todo与havesth.tobedone的区分相同处：都有“有…要做”的意思，不定式必需是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。区分：1）havesth.todo句型中，todo的执行者是句子的主语。例：Ihavealettertopost，soIcan'tgoswimmingwithyou.我有一封信要寄出，因此我不能和你一起去游泳。Shehasalotofthingstoattendto.她有很多事情要处理。2）havesth.tobedone句型中，tobedone的执行者不是主语而是另有其人。例：Ihavealettertobeposted.Canyouhelpme？我有一封信想让别人替我寄出去，你能帮我一下吗？“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed？”askedthemaid.女仆问：“您有衣服要洗吗？”留意：作定语的不定式假如是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。例：TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。Doyouhaveacuptodrinkwaterwith？你有用来喝水的杯子吗？但是，不定式所修饰的名词假如是time，place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。例：Hehadnoplacetolive.他没有地方住。练习：1、Theymadeadecision(put)offthemeetinguntilnextweek.2、Thereisnoneed(build)adamonthesmallriver.3、Hereagerness(work)willpleasetheboss.4、Iwanttobuyabrushtopaint.答案：1、toput2、tobuild3、towork4、with2.分词作定语1）及物动词分词形式作定语形式用法例句v.ing被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的主动关系，v.-ing形式表示被修饰词的特征Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.我从未看过更动人的电影了。beingdone被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表示动作正在进行Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师建的。done被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系，表示动作已经完成或表状态“Thingslostnevercomeagain！”Icouldn'thelptalkingtomyself.我不禁自言自语道：“失去的东西不会再来！”2）不及物动词分词形式作定语v.ing表示动作正在进行过去分词表示动作已经完成例：boilingwater正沸腾的水vsboiledwater白开水fallingleaves正在下落的叶子vsfallenleaves落叶developingcountries发展中国家vsdevelopedcountries发达国家3）英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人……的”，过去分词形式表示“感到……的”。anexcitingvoice令人兴奋的声音vsanexcitedvoice兴奋的声音apuzzlingexpression令人困惑的表情vsapuzzledexpression困惑的表情3.动名词作定语动名词作定语，用来说明被修饰词的用途。例：afishingnet渔网（=anetforfishing）aswimmingpool游泳池（=apoolforswimming）4.tobedone,beingdone和done作定语的区分tobedone表被动、将来例：Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow'smeetingisveryimportant.明天在会上将要探讨的问题特别重要。beingdone表被动、正在进行例：Listen！Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.听！正唱着的这首歌特别受学生们的欢迎。done表被动、完成例：HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens？你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗？练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空1、Therearestillmanyproblems（solve）beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.2、1amfondoftheplan(go)onatriptoHainannextmonth.3、Theflowers(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractvisitorstothebeautyofnature.4、Designateda"CityofDesign"byUNESCOin2008,ShenzhenwasthefirstcityinChina(present)anofficialstrategyaroundcreativedevelopment.5、However,ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway(practice)ourdebatingskills.6、Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain(catch)7、It's(amaze)newsthatwewillgoonaresearchcoursenextweekend.8、Thefellow(treat)bydoctorsisexactlymycousin.9、It'snecessarytodrink(boil)watereveryday,butfewpeoplecandrinkup(boil)waterinoneminute10、Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.11、Actually,itisquitenormalfortheaverageperson(live)inacitytoseethousandsofadseverysingleday.12、DuringtheXXIVOlympicWinterGameswhichwillbeheldbyBeijingin2024，therewillbequantitiesofpeople（watch）thesportsevents.13、Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor（say）whenthesupermarketwillopenagain.14、Online，manyofthemarguedthattheshow's（delay）transmissionbroketheirchildren'sconceptofpunctuality，andalsocriticizedthenon-commercialTVshowforsurrenderingtocommercialadvertisements.15.Over2，000delegates（代表）（choose）fromagroupofaround89millionpartymembersacrossthenationwillattendthe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.16.TheXiong'anNewArea，（locate）tothesouthwestofBeijing，coversanareaofabout2，000squarekilometers.答案：1、tobesolved2、togo3、smelling4、topresent5、topractice6、tocatch7、amazing8、beingtreated9、boiled；boiling10、designed11、living12、watching13、saying14、delayed15、chosen16、located四、非谓语动词作主语、表语1.不定式、动名词作主语、表语的区分1）不定式：表示详细的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。常见表达：It+be+名词todosthIttakes/tooksb.+sometimetodosthItbedifficult/easy/importantv/impossible/necessary…+forsb.todosthIt+be+careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/stupid/wise...+ofsb.todosth例：Yourtasktodayistowashthecurtains.你今日的任务是洗窗帘。2）动名词：多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、常常性的行为常见表达：Itis/was+nouse/good+doingsthItis/was+notanyuse/good+doingsthItis/was+oflittleuse/good+doingsthItis/was+worth+doingsth例：Hisfavoritesportisswimming.他最喜爱的运动是游泳。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火会很危急。4.现在分词与过去分词作表语的区分1）现在分词表特征，意为“令人……的”例：Thefilmisexciting.这部电影激烈人心。2）过去分词表心理状态，意为“（人）感到……的”例：Hewasexcitedatthenews.听到这则消息，他激烈不已。5.非谓语动词作remain的表语主语+remaindonedoing/done意为：仍旧是（remain=bestill…）主语+remainbedone意为：仍需被做例：Sheremainedstanding（=wasstillstanding）thoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。Thetrueauthorofthebookremainsunknown（=isstillunknown）这本书真正的作者依旧不详。Muchremainstobedone.很多事仍需去做。练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空1、Itisnouse（cry）overspiltmilk.2、Firstofall，（become）awareofwhatcausesyourworrywillhelptoreducethestress.3、Wetakecareofpatientsofallages.Thereisnotypeofinjury，medicalorsurgicalconditionthatwearenot（equip）tocarefor.4、Alifeburdenedwithworkleadsyounowhere，foryouwillgettiredand（bore）withyourdailyroutinework.5、Aswellastheweather，therelaxingatmosphereandnightlifearevery（appeal）.6、___（use）mobilephonesfortoolongtendstomakeuspassiveandignorephysicalexercise，whichwillcauseobesityandpooreyesight.7、Hisnewideawas（make）theshellshapeontheroofintotheshapeofaball.8、Theymayfeel（leave）out.9、Therobotis（equip）withspeakers，microphonesandcameras，whichmakescommunicationeasier.答案：1、crying2、becoming3、equipped4、bored5、appealing6、Using7、tomake8、left9、equipped五、非谓语动词作状语1.不定式、分词作状语的基本原则不定式、分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必需与句子的主语保持一样，即不定式、分词作状语，必需和句子的主语存在逻辑上的主动或被动关系，否则一般不能运用不定式、分词作状语。2.不定式作状语1）不定式作目的状语形式位置例句to+动词原形句首，句中Inorderto/Tomakeastudyofkangaroos，hewenttoAustralia.为了探讨袋鼠，他去了澳大利亚。HermotherplanstoflytoBeijingatleastfourtimesayearsoasto/inorderto/tovisither.她母亲安排每年至少四次飞到北京去看她。inorderto+动词原形句首，句中soasto+动词原形句中2）不定式作结果状语形式意思例句to+动词原形结果……WhathaveIdonetooffendyou？我做什么了结果把你冒犯了？onlyto+动词原形结果却……（表示意外的或事与愿违的结果）Janehurriedbackonlytofindthathermotherhadleft.简匆忙赶回来，结果却发觉她的母亲已经离开了。so+形容词或副词+asto+动词原形如此……以至于I'mnotsostupid（afool）astowriteitdown.我不至于愚蠢到把它写下来。such+名词+asto+动词原形如此……以至于Itwassuchaloudnoiseastowakeeveryoneinthehouse.声音很大，屋里的全部人都被吵醒了。…enoughto+动词原形足够……能……Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.他足够大，可以参军了。too...to+动词原形太……而不能……I'mtootiredtostayupanylonger.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。3）不定式作缘由状语用法：形容词作表语时，后面可接不定式作缘由状语，用以说明产生这种心情的缘由。常用词：happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased例：YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastoseeheryesterday.你恒久不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么兴奋。4）不定式的主动形式表被动意义用法：在“主语+系动词+表语（形容词）+todo”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，这时，需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常用词：easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous例：Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.这个问题简单回答。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.这本书很难理解。3.分词作状语时其形式的选择1)分词作状语时其形式的选择形式意义v.ing(doing)与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句子谓语动词动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生having+v.ed(havingdone)与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词动作发生v.ed(done)与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成being+v.ed(beingdone)与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且与谓语动词动作同时发生havingbeen+v.ed(havingbeendone)与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生2）分词作状语的句法功能句法功能例句时间状语Whenofferedhelp，oneoftensays"Thankyou"or"It'skindofyou".当被供应帮助的时候，人们常说"Thankyou"或"It'skindofyou".缘由状语Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyanimalsandplantsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.和其他大陆分别了数百万年，澳大利亚有很多在世界上任何别的国家都找不到的动植物。条件状语Generallyspeaking，iftakenaccordingtotheinstructions，thedrughasnosideeffects.一股来说，假如依据用法说明服用，这种药没有副作用。结果状语Heglancedather，noticingthatthoughshewastiny，sheseemedverywell.他匆忙看了一下她，留意到她虽然很纤弱，但看起来特别健康。让步状语Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.虽然被告知过好多次了，但他仍旧重复犯同样的错误。伴随状语Theteachercameintothelab，followedbysomestudents.老师进了试验室，后面跟着一些学生。4.独立成分作状语定义：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下