英语四级考试高级语法讲义

2013年6月英语四级考试高级语法讲义虚拟语气1.if引导的虚拟语气2.倒装形式WereIyou(=ifIwereyou),Iwouldgetupearlyinthemorning.Hadyouarrivedatthestationtenminutesearlieryesterday(=Ifyouhadarrived…),youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.Shoulditrain(=Ifitshouldrain),thecropswouldbesaved.【2】馒头面条原理【3】固定句型Itistimethat...Wouldratherthat.....(1).Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.(2).Johnwouldratherthatshehadnotgonetothepartyyesterdayevening.(4).Iwouldrathereverythinghadn'thappenedinthepast.“Itis(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气1.Itisnecessarythatwe(should可省略,下同)haveawalknow.2.Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.3.Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.4.Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtheruleofschool.练习1.He’llbebusythisafternoon.Ifhe___free,he___tothecinemawithyou.A.weretobe;mightgoB.amgoingtobe;willgoC.willbe;mighthavegoneD.is;willgo2.WhenEdisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeople_____allpowerintheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonorofthisgreatman.A.turnoffB.turnedoffC.wouldturnoffD.hadturnedoff3.HadIknownhername,_____.A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.IwouldhaveinvitedhertolunchD.shewouldbebeautiful4.I’dratheryou______bytrain,becauseIcan'tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.A.wouldgoB.shouldgoC.wentD.hadgone5.Thevictim________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.wouldhaveachancetosurvive(06.12翻译)6.Theprofessorrequiredthat________(我们交研究报告)。wehandinourresearchreport(s)(06.6翻译)7.IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.(06.6阅读)8.W:Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinmyplace?M:IfPaulweremyson,I’djustnotworry.Nowthathisteacherisgivinghimextrahelpandheisworkinghardhimself,he’ssuretodowellinthenextexam.Q:What’stheman’ssuggestiontothewoman?13.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.B)Havingconfidenceinherson.D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.(07.12)1.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou________________(以防天气变冷)incaseit(should)turncold.(08.12)10.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary(就不会被大雨淋湿了).09.6.wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain11.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou__________________________(按照我的指令去做).hadfo2013年6月英语四级考试高级语法讲义倒装：全部倒装在大学级别的考试中，应用是非常广泛的，包括在阅读、完形、写作以及翻译当中;总共分为两种形式：全部倒装和部分倒装全部倒装:主谓宾构成了正常的语序，把谓语动词提到了动词的前面，谓语动词直接发生在主语之前，那么就是全部倒装。另外一种情况就是，仍然是主、谓、宾结构，谓语动词都有时态、人称的变化，把谓语动词上的助动词提到了主语的前面，这个就叫做部分倒装。全部倒装的情况：1.Thebusiscominghere.Herecomesthebus.进行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。2.Studentswentaway.Awaywentstudents.3.Theboyrushedout.Outrushedtheboy.here/away/out/在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。如果是进行时态的话，倒装后要改为一般现在时。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.方位副词或时间副词置于句首②如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。Theoldmanlivesinthecitycenter.Inthecitycenterlivestheoldman.Atemplestandsonthemountain.Onthemountainstandsatemple.③当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout18.Onthefloorliesaboyagedabout18.Sittedonthegroundareagroupofyoundpeople.eg.访问北京的是300名日本青年。/300名日本青年正在访问北京。300JapaneseyoungpeoplearevisitingBeijing.VisitingBeijingare300Japaneseyoungpeople.全部倒装的情况：①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。②如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。③当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。主要出现在阅读当中，在翻译当中考到全部倒装的可能性比较小。llowedmyinstructio2013年6月英语四级考试高级语法讲义部分倒装部分倒装的形式:主谓宾保持原来的形式，谓语动词的助动词放到主语的前面。1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装这类词语有hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,never,few,little,less,atnotime,bynomeans,innocase,undernocircumstance,innoway,onnoaccount,onnoconsideration,nolonger,notonly等。eg.Heneversmokes.他从来不抽烟。Neverdoeshesmoke.eg.Notonlydidthecustomercomplainaboutthefood,healsorefusedtopayforit.这位顾客不仅仅抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。eg.在任何情况下我都不会相信你。UndernocircumstancedoItrustyou.2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。eg.OnlywithyoucanIfeelhappy.eg.只有当你来了这，我们才可以开始会议。Onlywhenyoucome,canwestartthemeeting.3、so......that结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装eg.HerunssofastthatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.他跑得实在是太快了，以致于我都没有办法追上他。SofastdoesherunthatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.eg.Themoonwassobrightthattheflowersbrightasbyday.皓月当空，花朵就像白天那样的鲜艳。Sobrightwasthemoonthattheflowersbrightasbyday.4、句子开头的as处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。eg.AlthoughIamyoung,Icanlivebymyself.虽然我很小但是我却能养活自己了。YoungasIam,Icanlivebymyself.eg.Althoughsheisagirl,shecansupporttheholefamily.虽然她是个女孩，但是她却可以养活整个家庭的人。Girlassheis,shecansupporttheholefamily.eg.AlthoughIlikemusicverymuch,....MuchasIlikemusic,.....5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。hardly.....when....一......就......scarcely.....when.....hardly，scarcely后面一定要用过去完成时，when后面用一般过去时。eg.Hardlyhadheseenmewhenheranaway.他一看到我就跑开了。eg.Hardlyhadthebabycriedwhenhismotherrushedtocarryhim.婴儿一哭，他妈妈就跑去抱他。nosooner....than.....一......就......nosooner后面一定要用过去完成时，than的后面用一般过去时。eg.Nosoonerhadtheyreachedhomethanitrainedmoreandmoreheavily.他们一到家，雨就越下越大起来。themore......themore...越....越....eg.Theharderyouwork,thehappieryoufeel.你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐。ns/orders表语从句构成方式：若从句为陈述句，直接加that;若从句为特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的句子变成陈述句语序;若从句为一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者if;eg：Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhoisresponsibleforwhathashappened.一、表语从句的引导词引导表语从句的词有连词that,whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及asif,asthough,because等连词。1.由that引导Thefactisthathedoesn’treallytry.事实是他没有做真正的努力。ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。Hissolerequirementwas(is)thatthesystemwork.他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。Myideaisthatweshouldstartmakingpreparationsrightnow.我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。2.由whether引导Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.问题是这部电影是否值得看。【注意】whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。3.由连接代词引导YouarenotwhoIthoughtyouwere.你已不是我过去所想像的人。Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。Thequestioniswho(m)weshouldtrust.问题是我们应当相信谁。WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。4.由连接副词引导Theproblemishowwecanfindhim.问题是我们如何找到他。ThatwaswhenIwasfifteen.这是我15岁时发生的事。That’swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。That’swhyhedidn’tcome.这就是他没有来的缘故。That’swhyIobjecttotheplan.这就是我反对这个计划的原因。That’swhereyouarewrong.这就是你不对的地方。5.由关系代词型what引导That’swhatIwanttostress.这是我想强调的。That’swhatweareherefor.我们来这里就为了这个