学生语法辅导(老师版)

英语应用能力测试B级英语应用能力测试B级语法辅导辅导老师:Echo班级:姓名:I.动词的时态与语态（一）一般现在时被动态：bedone表示经常性的动作和状态，常与always,everyday,never,often,usually,sometimes等频度副词连用；说话时人和事物的特性或状态；客观真理等。I-------ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven`thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play表示计划或安排中的动作。ThetrainleavesforGuangzhouat2:30p.m.3.在时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去式代替过去将来时。如：1)Whenhecomes/came,Iwill/wouldgivehimthebook.2)Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.3)---Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?---Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_______thetrainingcourse.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish（二）一般过去时was/were/did被动态：was/weredone1．表示过去所发生的动作或状态、过去的习惯。有明显的过去时间的提示。---Youhaven`tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?---I`msorryI_______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit`sprettyonyou.wasn`tsayingB.don`tsayC.won`tsayD.didn`tsay2．It’s(high)time…句型中，如It’stimeyouhadaholiday3．用于Iwish…I’drather…ifonly…suppose等结构that分句中,这为虚拟语气，主要表示主观设想，与现在的事实相反。IwishyoulivedclosertousIfonlyhedidn’tdrivesofastI’dratheryouwentnowSupposetheydidn’tbelieveit,howshouldweconvincethem?(三)1)现在进行时isdoing被动态:isbeingdone表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange2)过去进行时wasdoing/wasbeingdone，表示过去的某一时间点正在做什么ThereportersaidthattheUFO________fromeasttowestwhenhesawit.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel注：少量动词的现在进行时和过去进行时分别表示一般将来时和过去将来时,如go,come,leave,start,arrive,returnIamleavingforbeijingtomorrowHewasleavingforbeijingthenextday（四）现在完成时havedone被动态:havebeendone1.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（可能还会继续下去）的动作，发生在过去但对现在有影响,常用于延续性动词，多和一段时间状语如since,sofar,forayear,inrecentyears等连用.现在完成进行时havebeendoing与现在完成时很多时候可以互换,但是完成进行体必须加forsince,完成进行体没有否定式Who’sbeeneatingmydinner?还有些Who’seatenmydinner?全吃光了2.“This/Itisthefirst/secondtimethat…..”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时。Thisisthethirdtimetheyhaven’tcomeforthebook.3.表示短暂动作的动词comeforgetjoin,die,stop不能与for,since这样的时间状语搭配使用,必须转换为一种可以持续的表状态的动词Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears改为HehasservedinthearmyforthreeyearsHisfatherhasdiedforfiveyears改为Hisfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears(五)过去完成时haddone被动态:hadbeendone1.表示过去某一时间以前已完成的动作，常于by,before等引导的时间状语连用。HehadbeeninthiscollegeforfiveyearsbeforeIcametostudy.Bytheendoflastmonthwehadlearned2,000Englishwords.2.在nosooner…than;hardly(scarely)…when等句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用一般过去时,意为一….就…。NosoonerhadIenteredtheclassroomwhenthebellrung.3.think,hope,intend,mean,expect,want,plan等动词的过去完成时表示过去的愿望，打算，计划等没有实现。Ihadhopedtovisithim,butIwastoobusy.这类动词和不定式连用时可以改为“过去式+不定式的完成式”。Ihopedtohavevisitedhim,butIwastoobusy.4.常与by/when+过去时间连用Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbyteno’clockyesterdayIhadwrittenthearticlewhentheycame5.If,ifonly,asif,Iwish,Iwouldrather,等引导的分句,表示与过去事实相反,就用过完成Iwouldratheryouhadtoldherthetruth6.在Itwasthefirsttimethat…ItwasthefirsttimethisyearhehadworkedonaSaturday(六)一般将来时Will/shall+do被动态:willbedone其他形式:1)begoingto+do表示计划、安排，或“最近将来”要发生的事情，还可以描述根据某种迹象表明将要发生的事情。Wearegoingtohaveapartythisevening.Lookattheclouds.It`sgoingtorain.2)be+todo表示按计划安排即将发生的动作；表示命令、禁止或可能性等。(betobedone)Wearetofinishtheworkbeforefivethisafternoon.(七)过去将来时woulddo被动态:wouldbedone表示相对于过去某一时间将要发生的动作或状态，常用于宾语从句中。Hewarnedusthatthejourneywouldbeverydangerous.（八）将来进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作ThistimeonSaturdayIshallbeflyingtoParis.(九)将来完成时willhavedone.被动态:WillhavebeendoneThenewbuildingswillhavebeenbuiltonthecampusbytheendofthisyear历年典型考题与练习1.Chinawillbethelargestmarketforautomobilesin20to25yearsifthecountry’seconomy______togrowatthecurrentrate.(2000-06-A)A.continuesB.hascontinuedC.continuedD.hasbeencontinued2.WheneverIwenthome,I(bring)____somegiftstomyneighbor.(2000-06-A)3.AyoungmanstoodnearbywhileI(read)_______thenewspaper.(2000-06-A)4.Overfortyyears(pass)_______sincethebridgewasbuiltinthedistrict.(2000-06-A)5.TheChinesepeoplearedoingthingsnoone(do)_______sofar.(2000-06-A)6.Thisisoneofthelargestbridgesthat________onthisriver.(1000-06-A)A.iseverbuiltB>hasevenbeenbuiltC.waseverbuiltD.haseverbuilt7.ThiswasthefirsttimeI______Englishwithaforeigner.(2000-12-A)A.spokeB.speakC.havespokenD.hadspoken8.Wehopedthatbytheendofthisyearwe_______thejob.hadfinishedB.finishedC.wouldhavefinishedD.willfinish9.January1st,1997isthehistoricdatewhenBritain(join)________theCommonMarket.10.Theshortsupplydidn`tmeetthedemandthat(increase)_________rapidly.11.Sincetheintroductionofthenewtechnique,theproductioncost________greatly.reducesB.isreducedC.isreducingD.hasbeenreduced12.Ihopethey________thisroadbythetimewecomeback.haverepairedB.willrepairC.aretorepairD.willhaverepaired13.Intwomonths`timehe(finish)_________histrainingandstartwork.14.Icouldhavecalledyouyesterday,butI__________yourtelephonenumber.didn`thaveB.won`thaveC.hadn`thadD.wouldn`thave15.Threenewbuildings_________onthecampusbytheendofthisyear.willbebuiltB.aregoingtobebuiltC.willhavebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt16.Pleasedescribeexactlywhat(happen)_______onthecampuslastnight.17.Thefootballteamhopedthatthey(win)__________anothergloriousvictorysoon.18.ThisisthefirsttimeI(see)__________suchaterriblescene.19.Bythetimeyougettheretomorrow,they_______forBeijing.willhaveleftB.areleavingC.willleaveD.aretoleave20.ThirtypercentofJane`sincome__________onclothingeveryyear.isspentB.isbeingspentC.hadbeenspentD.hasbeenspent21.IwonderedwhyNancy(lie)_________aboutherage.22.MostofthepeoplewhoarevisitingBritain_________aboutthefoodandweatherthere.arealwaystocomplainB.havealwayscomplainedC.alwayscomplainD.willalwayscomplain23.Hewastoldthatthestranger(wait)_________forhimfortwohours.24.Hesaid“I______alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.”hadalreadylearntB.wouldhavealreadylearntC.havealreadylearntD.alreadylearnt25.Onhiswayhomehesuddenlyrememberedhe(notlock)__________thedooroftheoffice.26.Lindafeelsexhaustedbecauseshe________somanyvisitorstoday.hasbeenhavingB.washavingC.hadbeenhavingD.hadhad27.Moststudents(take)___________sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate.28.UptillnowI(spend)_____________agreatdealofmoneyonbooks.29.Inthesefiveyears,thefoundation(collect)__________alargeamountofmoney.30.Hundredsofjobs_________ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose31.Who(sing)_____________inthenextroom?Thevoiceissonice.32.We(say)______________enoughonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.33.WearegoingtoFloridaassoonaswe(finish)___________takingourfinalexams.34.Unlesshe(send)_____________themoneybeforeFridayIshallconsultthelawyer.35.He(cross)_________thestreetwhenhewashitbyacar.36.Alotofpeoplewerestandingaroundwhenthepolice(arrive)___________.37.Webeganthetestyesterday,butwe(make)____________preparationslongbefore.38.Nosoonerhadtheygonetotheplantthanthey(start)_________towork.39.There(be)__________severalsuchoccurrencesinthepastfewweeks.40.He(take)________offhishatandbowedpolitelyashepassed.41.John(go)__________tothedoctor`stodaybecausehefeltill.42.He(promise)_________methathewouldpaythebillnextweek.43.Look,thecat(run)________afterthemouse.44.I(write)_________abookatthemoment.45.Thesepainterssaythatthey(finish)_______thedownstairsroombyWednesday.46.IwillgraduateshortlyandreturntomycountrywhereIwillusetheknowledgeI(gain)_______tobuildmyhomeland.47.Theyfulfilledthetaskassignedbytheirteacherearlierthanthey(expect)_________.48.Itisraininghard,butbythetimetheclassisover,therain(stop)___________.49.Ifyou(miss)________thetrain,youwon`tbeabletogetthereontime.50.Bytheendofthemonth,wesurely(find)_________asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.II.动词语态历年典型考题与练习：1.Whenhearrivedatthehospital,heaskedworriedlywhowas(operate)________on.2.Ifthemedicine(take)___________intime,itwillbequiteeffective.3.Thesepillsshould(keep)__________outofthereachofchildren.4.Thehousewiththefurniture(buy)___________for$50,000lastyear.5.Thecauseoftheaccidentmaynever(discover)___________onspiteoftheeffortofthepolice.6.Thebattlewasover,andthewounded(send)_______tohospitalatonce.7.Anewhospital(build)_____________inourhometownnow.8.Fewofthem(persuade)___________ofthetruthofhisstatement.9.He(charge)_______________withkillingtheboylastmonth.10.Theysuspectedthatthesecret(give)_______________awaybyoneofhisfriends.11.Thegrowthrateofthecountry`sexportsthisyear(predict)___________tobeloworevennegative.12.Owingtothestateofthegroundthematchhas(put)_____________off.13.Manyastudent(ask)___________thesamequestionbytheteacherinyesterday`sclass.14.It(say)____________thattheworkersallregardhimwithsympathy.15.Thepolicemansaidtheseizeddrugs(estimate)____________tohaveamarketvalueof$1.4million.III.虚拟语气虚拟语气是每次必考的一个项目，A级、B级中都有出现。根据《基本要求》的规定，大家必须掌握以下几点：1．条件从句中的虚拟语气(1)与现在事实相反：从句If+主语+动词的过去式（be---were）主句主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Ishouldmakefulluseoftime（2）与过去事实相反：从句if+主语+had+过去分词主句主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifhehadworkedcarefullyenough,hewouldnothavebeeninjured(3)与将来事实相反：从句If+主语+wereto+动词原形/if+主语+should+动词原形主句省略+should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIweretohaveanotherchance,Iwouldloveyoufortenthousandyears注:省略If的虚拟语气,会引起倒装IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher=shouldImeether,Iwouldtellher2．错综时间条件句主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生，这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述来进行，而需要按照各自的时间来调整，这就叫错综时间条件句Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhavebeenallrightthenIfyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbeallrightnow3.虚拟语气在从句中的用法(固定句式中的虚拟语气)1)、宾语从句：在suggest,insist,order,demand,request,command,propose,desire等动词后作宾语从句时，表示欲望、建议、命令等时，用虚拟语气TheyrequestedthatthestudentslearnthesecondlanguageSuggest的用法特殊1）Suggestdoing不能接不定式2）当建议解时，用虚拟；当暗示，表明解，不用虚拟HesuggeststhatsheshouldleavethehouseatonceHisfacesuggestedthathewasangryasifasthoughwish+从句时，如果表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式；如果表示wouldrather与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。ifonly2)，在主语从句中：表示建议，要求，惊奇等，句型1）Itisnatural/suggested/necessary/requested/ordered/proposed/important/surprising/strange/funny+that+should+do2)itisapity/ashame/nowonder/ahonour+that+should+doe.g.itisquitenaturalthatsuchfearsshouldarise3),在目的状语从句中(1)如lest,forfearthat,incase后接情态动词加动原Theygotupearlylesttheyshouldmissthetrain4.含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫。。。用with,without,but,butfor,lest等介词短语或分词短语中，或其它连词中1)Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp=wemighthavediedifyouhadn’thelpedus2)Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou=Iwasbusylastweek,ifIhadnotbeenbusylastweek,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.历年典型考题与练习：1.You_______yourworkaheadoftimewithouttheirhelp.A.haven’tcompletedB.wouldn’thavecompletedC.weren’tcompletingD.shouldn’thavecompleted2.Ididn’tseeyourbossatthemeeting.Ifhe(come)________,Iwouldhavetoldhimthenews.3.Itisadvisedthatwe(sign)_______anagreementrightafterthediscussion.4.Isuggestedthathe(refuse)______theofferproposedbythatcompany.5.Hetalkedasifhe(do)______alltheworkhimself,butinfactTomandIdidmostofit.6.Peter____thedriver’stest,buthewasn’tcalmenoughinthelasttenminutes.7.Ifonlyshe(know)______thatherbehaviorwasnotwelcome,shewouldhavebeenmorecarefulwithhermanners.8.It’shightimewe______somethingtostoproadaccidents.A.didB.aredoingC.willdoD.do9.XiaolispeaksEnglishinawayasifshe(be)________anAmerican.10.It’snecessarythattheproblem_______insomewayorother.A.issettledB.wassettledC.besettledD.hasbeensettled11.IfIhadn’tdriventhecaryesterday,I(avoid)_______theaccident.12.You________thenewforeignteacherifyouhadbeenhereyesterday.A.musthaveseenB.wouldhaveseenC.shouldseeD.hadseen13.IfI(have)______yourphonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledyouyesterdayevening.14.ThebossinsistedthatMr.Copper(give)______uphisexperimentatonce.15.Ithinkit’shightimewe______strictmeasurestostoppollution.A.willtakeB.takeC.tookD.havetaken16.Thedirectorrequiredthateverymemberinhisdepartment(refer)_____tothisreport.17.Ididn’tgowiththemtothebeachyesterday.ButIdowish_______there.A.hadbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.am18.________lastFriday,wewouldhavegottoParis.A.HadheleftB.WouldheleaveC.IfheistoleaveD.Ifhewasleave19.Itisrequiredthateveryemployee(come)______intheiruniformbefore8:30a.m.20.Thefirmhasbeengiveninstructionsthatthemanager(fly)____________toNewYork.21.Themanagerdemandsthatthenewsecretary(have)________athoroughknowledgeofthepersonnel.22.Itisnecessarythathe(take)______agoodrestafterworkingforalongtime.23.Butforyourhelp,I(notbe)_________abletofindtherightsolutiontotheproblemsosoon.24.Ilostthepenyouhadboughtmeformybirthday.IfonlyI(notlose)_____________it.25.Ifithadn`trainedlastnight,theground(notbe)___________sowetnow.26.Ishouldn`thavetakenyourumbrellaifI(know)_______thatitwastheonlyoneyouhad.27.It`sabouttimethatyou(begin)___________tostudyEnglish.28.Heinsistedthathe(resign)____________fromhispost.29.IfonlyI(go)______________therelastnight.30.Ifyouknewmebetter,youwouldnot(say)_____________that.31.Itisessentialthatallthefacts(examine)_______________first.32.Iwouldratheryou(give)________meanewoneinsteadofhavingitrepairedasyoudid.33.He(be)________herelastnight,Iwouldhavespokentohim.34.Theymightlivequitecomfortably(be)__________itnotforaquarrelwiththeirneighbor.35.Thedeanagreestothesuggestionthatlanguagelaboratory(re-equip)_____________.36.Taketheumbrella,otherwiseyou(catch)____________bytherain.37.Theforeignstudentsadvisorrecommendedthatwe(study)____________moreEnglishbeforeenteringtheuniversity.38.Theyoungmaninsiststhatwhathehasdone(benefit)_______thepeopleinthenearfuture.39.Ithinkitisadvicablethatasecretary(be)____________appointedatonce.40.Heactsasifhe__________anexpert.A.wasB.hasbeenC.wereD.hadbeen41.Heputhiscoatonforfearthat(orlest)he____________cold.A.catchesB.shouldcatchC.catchD.hascaught42.Withoutyouradvice,I___________inpassingtheexam.A.couldn`thavesucceededB.couldn`tsucceedC.didn`tsucceedD.don`tsucceed43.Hadtheytime,theycertainly____________andhelpus.A.wouldcomeB.hadcomeC.havecomeD.willcome44.Iftheearthstoppedmoving,what___________?A.doyouthinkwouldhappenB.didyouthinkwillhappenC.doyouthinkwouldbehappenD.didyouthinkwouldbehappenedIV.非谓语动词非谓语动词指动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词这几种形式，它们在句中不能独立作谓语。1,-ing分词:包括传统语法中所讲的“现在分词”和“动名词”一、时态：否定式notdoing主动语态被动语态一般式doingBeingdone完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendoneIenjoylisteningtomusicYouregretnothavingtakenthedoctor’sadvice,doyou?注：有些动名词用主动形式来代替被动形式wantneed主语（通常是物）+require(需要)+doingdeservewantneed=主语（通常是物）+require(需要)+tobedonedeservee.g.theradiowantsrepairing=theradiowantstoberepaired二、-ing分词的逻辑主语的表现形式JohnJohn’sIdon’tmindhimbuyinganotheronehis我开开门，你介意吗？Doyoumindmy(me)openingthedoor?三,有些动词后接不定式还是现在分词，取决于动词本身的含义动名词————试一试try+不定式———设法去做某事Ifyouwanttoimprovethetaste,tryaddingsomesugarPhiliptriedtoanswereachquestionbyhimself动名词————意味着（主语一般是物）mean+不定式———企图，打算去做（主语一般是人）yourplanwouldmeanspendinghoursIdidn’tmeantomakeyouangry动名词————继续做某事Stop/goon+不定式———接着做下一个事动名词————学习learn+不定式———学会了usedtodo过去常常beusedtodoing现在习惯于beworthdoing=beworthy+tobedone/ofbeingdoneitisnouse/gooddoingsth。。。是没有用的thereisno+现在分词：。。。是不可能的四、-ing分词分句（一个句子中出现两个动词，把其中某一个用非谓语形式表示）先要弄清楚现在分词与从句的转换1、现在分词与定语从句的转换1）当关系代词在从句中作主语，从句中含有BE的人称形式，且不含情态动词，删去BE的人称形式，即可将定语从句简化为现在分词短语。Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingtoourteacher?=doyouknowthemantalkingtoourteacher?2、现在分词与状语从句的转换当从句主语与主句主语一致时，省去连词及从句主语，将从句谓语动词转变为现在分词A）当从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时发生或同时进行时，可转变为现在分词的一般式Whenshesawthis,shebecameveryworried=seeingthis,shebecameveryworriedB)如从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词是“先时，完成”关系，则将从句谓语动词变为现在分词的完成式Aswehadnotgotenoughhands,wehadgreatdifficultyinfinishingthework=nothavinggotenoughhands,wehadgreatdifficultyinfinishingtheworkC)有时从句连词可保留，以使主，从句之间的语义联系更明确WhileIwasstayinginBeijing,Iknewmanyfriends=whilestayinginNewYork,Iknewmanyfriends注：只有当状语从句的主语与主句中的主语一致时，才可将状语从句简化为现在分词短语，否则应用分词独立主格结构3、以上其实说明了现在分词可用作状语，宾语补足语，现在分词也可作主语，作宾语，作介词补足语作主语beatingachildwilldomoreharmthangood作宾语doyoumindmy/memakingasuggestion作介补I’mannoyedaboutJohn/John’sforgettingtopayING分词在句中作状语居多，表示多种意义，请说出以下句子中分词在句中作什么状语Climbingtothetopifthetower,wesawamagnificentviewBeingahard-workingyoungman,heispraisedbyallhisfellowworkersAlargemeteor(流星)hittingthemoonwouldmeltthesurfacerockbytheforceofcollisionKnowingallthis,theystillinsistedonmypayingforthedamageItrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatareaTheoldmanwasfastasleep,holdingabookinhishand时间状语；原因状语；条件状语；让步状语；结果状语；伴随状语从上面例中可知，在使用ING分词中，1）分词动词与自己的主语是主谓关系；2）在状语从句中，从句的主语还得与主句中的主语一致如果一个句子里出现两个动词，且动词各有自己的主语，该如何处理五、独立主格结构（ING分词类）BecauseitisSunday,youneedn’tgotoschool=itbeingSunday,youneedn’tgotoschoolWhenalltheofficialshadarrived,themeetingwasdeclaredopen=alltheofficialshavingarrived,themeetingwasdeclaredopen注：分词做独立主格结构，有时前面可以加WITH或WITHOUT，其句法功能不变Withthetreegrowingtall,wegetmoreshade过去分词(主要讲现在分词与过去分词的区别)现在分词有进行意味和主动意味，过去分词有完成意味和被动意味为避免混乱,我们将两者区别简单化,通过例句来理解WefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggsWefoundtheeggseatenbythesnakeDoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetterAlthoughworkingfrommorningtillnighthisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood介绍一些特殊及注意事项1)一般来讲，用现在分词时，要符合以下两个条件之一：Ａ：分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生TheroadjoiningthetwovillagesisverywideB:分词所表示的是现在正发生的动作Themanrunningoverthereisourchairman注意：如果分词需要表示动作是主动的，而又在谓语动作之前发生，则要用定语从句表示，在谓语动作之后发生则要用不定式或从句表示ThemanwhocameyesterdaycomesagainThestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow2)何时用现在分词的被动语态如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，用此形式Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant但如果指的是将来的动作就要用不定式的被动形式或从句来表示Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:30pmDec.253)make/get/have/keepsthdone表示让别人做某事Howoftendoyouhaveyourhaircut?MakeoneselfdoneMakeoneselfunderstood4)独立主格结构原理同现在分词的独立主格结构，所不同的只是动词与自己的主语的关系是不是被动完成Alltheworkdone,youcanhavearest不定式一,常用的基本形式语态时态主动语态被动语态现在式todotobedone完成式TohavedoneTohavebeendone进行式Tobedoing无注:其完成进行式不常用,在这里就不介绍了详解:1)现在式:I’mgladtoseeyou.Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.2)完成式:表示发生在主要动词之前的动作Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting有两个特殊情况表示过去没有实现的期待或计划:可用表希望,计划等动词的过去时加上完成时不定式的形式来表示hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned+to+havedoneHewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.在should(would)like后面用不定式的完成式表示未能实现的愿望Ishouldliketohavegivenherthegift3)进行式:表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生Theyseemedtobegettingalongwell=itseemedthattheyweregettingalongwell二.不定式的否定式及其与连接代词或连接副词搭配1,不定式的否定式是:nottodo/nevertodoMyfathertoldmenottoskateonthelakeMyfathertoldmenevertoseeheragain2.数种连接代词/副词+不定式的形式Howtodo/whattodo/whentodo/wheretodo/whichtodoMr.litaughtushowtoworkoutthedifficultproblem.三.什么情况下,不定式不带to1.使役动词let,have,make和感观动词see,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch等+宾语之后Iwatchedhimeathisbreakfast注:当上述动词为被动态时,要转为带to的不定式Hewasseentoenterthebuilding2.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时,尤其是用and/or连接时,第二个不定式可以不带to;但是如果用逗号来代替了and,or时,一般就要保留toIpromisedtofinishmyhomeworkandhanditinontimeIpromisedtofinishmyhomework,tohanditinontime.3.有介词but,except,besides当这些词前有实义动词do时,不定式在介词之后可以省去toTheenemycandonothingbutsurrenderTheenemyhadnothingtochoosebuttosurrender4.wouldrather/hadbetter/cannotbut/cannothelpbut(不得不)/why…?/whynot…?后不带toWhyarguewithhim?Youcan’thelpbutrespecthim四,与现在分词过去分词的区别1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。

2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。3)不定式表示动词将来发生,动词与主语是主动关系DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?

你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？

Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?

你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗(注:其他区别太复杂,在以后的练习题当中再补充)历年典型考题与练习：1.________thereport,IhandedittoJohn,butshesaidthatGeorgewasthepersontosenditto.A.HavingfinishedB.BeingfinishingC.FinishingD.Tohavefinished2._________fromlifepressure,manypeoplehavetogoallouttoworkuntiltheyaretiredout.A.SufferingB.TosufferC.BeingsufferedD.Havingsuffered3.”Susan.Whatwouldyousayifwegotoseethefilmtonight?”“Thankyou,Tony.ButIdon’tthinkitisworth______twice.”A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.seen4.Themostimportantthinginlifeisagreatgoalplusthedetermination(reach)____thegoal.5.Thecoupleseatedintherestaurantseemed(have)______awonderfultime.6.I’mafraidyouhavebeenspeakingtoofasttomakeyourself(understand)________.7.Themachinedoesnotseemtoworkproperly,Ithinkitneeds(repair)_________.8._________withhisreport,thebosstoldJohntowriteitalloveragain.A.NotbeingsatisfiedB.NottosatisfiedC.NothavingsatisfiedD.Notsatisfying9._______morwtime,thescientistswillbeabletoworkoutagoodsolutiontotheproblem.A.TogiveB.GivingC.GivenD.Begiven10.Doyouagreethatitisimportanttomakeyourself(understand)________11._____hecanquicklyfindoutwhat’swrongwiththemachine.A.HavingbeenwelltrainedB.HavingwelltrainedC.TobewelltrainedD.Tohavebeenwelltrained12.Isawtheman(knock)_______downbyacarinthestreet.13.Theystopped(search)_______forthemissingplaneastheweatherwasveryrough.14.(frighten)________bytheexplosion,weallrushedoutofthehall.15.Igottothestation,onlyto(find)______thatthetrainwaspullingout.16.Themedicalteamdidmorethan(complain)___________aboutthepoorworkingconditionsandstartedworkingimmediately.17.thecostofmealsinbigcitiesvariesgreatly,(depend)_________onchoices.18.It`snouse________toherabouttheimportanceofthedocument.A.totalkB.talkC.talkingD.talked19.HisEnglishwassopoorthathefounditdifficulttomakehimself__________.A.beunderstoodB.understandC.understoodD.tounderstand20.Idon`tmind_____allthatwayinsuchbadweather.A.goingB.togoC.goD.gone21.Noneofuswillhaveanytrouble(solve)_________suchaproblem.22.Sincethereissolittletime(leave)________,nobodycanfulfillthetask.23.________Annie`sglass,Iapologizedtoher.A.TobreakB.BreakingC.HavingbrokenD.Break24.I`veneverseentheyoungman________nexttothedoctor.A.sitsB.sittingC.satD.tosit25.WhenIcalledheronthephone,shepretendedto(notknow)_________me.26.Thechairmanshouldraisehisvoiceinordertomakehimself(hear)________.27.You`dbetter______thewateruntilithasbeenboiled.A.nottodrinkB.notdrinkC.notdrunkD.notdrinking28.Thewineinthefridgejustwants(cool)________foracoupleofminutes.29.Hearingthebellring,thestudentsstopped(joke)_________witheachother.30.Seeingnobodyintheclassroom,hedecidedtostaythere(read)________forawhile.31.Itisnouse(argue)__________withhim,hewon`tlistentoyou.32.Davidwasso(disappoint)_______aboutthedecisionthatheranoutoftheclassroom.33.Doyouremember(introduce)_______Prof.SmithtoDr.LiduringhisfirstvisittoChina?34.Nobodyeverhasany_________tohurtyourfeelings.A.intentionB.heartC.purposeD.thought35.Shewasnothappybecausehehadkepther(wait)____________forhalfanhour.36.Themanagerpromised(get)__________meapositioninhiscompany.37.Areyougoingtofixthecaryourself,orareyougoingtohaveit_______?A.FixingB.tofixC.fixD.fixed38.If________inthefridge,thefruitcanremainfreshformorethanaweek.A.keepingB.bekeptC.keptD.tokeep39.Hisbookwasmuchbetterthanthose(write)_______sofaronthissubject.40.Iprefer(live)_________inthecountryratherthaninthecity.41.Thousandsofproducts_________fromcrudeoilarenowindailyuse.A.tomakeB.makingC.bemadeD.made42.Janealwaysenjoys__________topopularmusicathomeonFridayevenings.A.listeningB.beinglisteningC.tobelisteningD.tolisten43.(judge)___________fromlastyear`sexperience,thecoachknowsheshouldnotexpecttoomuch.44.Whenhewasinhospital,thenursehadhistemperature(take)_________everyfourhours.45.Inoticedthattherewasaman(draw)__________picturesontheground.46.While(cross)______thestreet,Isawsomeonewavingtome.47.Iwonderedwhytheboyoftenavoided(tal