第01辑期末暑假 专题03 阅读理解说明文（提分策略+24高考3篇+24期终20篇）（学生版） 2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）

2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）第01辑：2024年期末考试暑假专辑专题03阅读理解说明文（提分策略+24高考3篇+24期终20篇）原卷版目录技能专区1真题专区1模拟专区5技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特作用。四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！012024新高考I卷IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces–andevenspecies–thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?A.Theyarebecomingoutdated. B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.C.Theyarelimitedinnumber. D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.33.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?A.Threatenedspecies. B.Physicalspecimens.C.Observationaldata. D.Mobileapplications.34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?A.Mistakesindataanalysis. B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C.Improperwayofsampling. D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas. B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers. D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.02-2024新高考II卷Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.03-2024全国甲卷TheSaintLukastraindoesn’tacceptpassengers—itacceptsonlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(乡村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions.“Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,”saysEmileDucke,aGermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwo-weektripinNovemberthroughthevastregions(区域)ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor’sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(补给).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”28.HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?A.Itrunsacrosscountries. B.Itreservesseatsfortheseniors.C.Itfunctionsasahospital. D.Ittravelsalongariver.29.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?A.Itisheavilypopulated. B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C.Itisamoderncity. D.Itneedsmedicalaid.30.HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?A.Aboutayear. B.Abouttenmonths.C.Abouttwomonths. D.Abouttwoweeks.31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！（23-24高二下·江苏淮安·期末）Somepeoplepreferpaperbacksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers.Butwhichisthemoreenvironmentallysustainableoption?Whetherit’sbettertoreadbooksinprintoronadeviceiscomplicated,becauseofthecomplexinteractionoftheresourcesinvolvedacrosstheentirelifecycleofapublishedwork:howbooksanddevicesareshipped,whatenergytheyusetorun,iftheycanberecycled.Ontheoneside,traditionalprintpublishingcomeswithahighcarbonfootprint.Accordingto2023data,32milliontreesarecutdowneachyeartomakepaperforbooks.Thenthere’stheenergy-intensiveprocessesofprintingandshipping—tosaynothingofthemanybooksthataredestroyedbecausetheyremainunsold.Althoughit’sstandardpracticeintheindustry,publishersdon’twanttodestroybooks.Soinstead,manyaredonatingunsoldcopies,switchingtoon-demandprinting.Publishersarealsorethinkingbookdesign,sincecertainfonts(字体)canbemoreclimate-friendlybyusinglessinkandlesspaper.Ontheotherhand,digitalreadingseemstohaveaconsiderableeco-advantageoverprintbecauseitispaperless,soitsavestreesandshipping.Moreover,techcompaniesthatmakee-readerssuchasAmazonofferrecyclingprogramsforolddevices.Butdigitaldevicesalsocomewithasubstantialcarbonfootprint,especiallyatthemanufacturingstage.Theircasesaremadewithplasticsandthemineralsintheirbatteriesrequireresource-heavymining.Figuringoutwhethertotakeadigitaldeviceorapaperbacktothebeachultimatelydependsonhowmuchyouread.“Ifyoubuyane-readerandyoureadloadsandloadsofbooksonit,thenit’sthelowestcarbonthingtodo,”saidMikeBerners-Lee,theauthorofTheCarbonFootprintofEverything.“ButifIbuyit,readacoupleofbooks,anddecidethatIpreferpaperbackbooks,thenit’stheworstofallworlds.”YetBerners-Leesaidthatreadingisstill,relativelyspeaking,aprettysustainableactivity——regardlessofwhetheryoureadusingane-reader,phoneorold-fashionedpaperback.1．Whyisithardtotellifprintordigitalbooksaremoreeco-friendly?A．Thewholeprocessesforbothinvolvemanyresources.B．Theoptiondependsonthereader’spersonalpreferences.C．Recyclingprogramsarenotequallyeffectiveforbothtypes.D．Theenvironmentalimpactofreadinghabitsisoftenoverlooked.2．Whatarebookpublishersdoingtoreducetheenvironmentalimpact?A．Cuttingdownfewertrees.B．Destroyingtheunsoldbooks.C．Employingeco-friendlypractices.D．Focusingonthesalesofdigitalbooks.3．AccordingtoBerners-Lee,ane-readerismoresustainablethanpaperbackswhen.A．ane-readerissharedbymanypeopleB．youchargeitusingrenewableenergyC．ane-readerisrecycledafterbeingusedD．youreadahighvolumeofbooksdigitally4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．Printbooksvs.e-readers:whichisyourfavorite?B．Paperbooksvs.e-readers:whichisbetterfortheclimate?C．Choosedigitalreading,foritreducesmorecarbonfootprintD．Keepthebalanceofconvenienceandsustainabilityinreading（23-24高二下·浙江台州·期末）Climatemodelscangiveusapreviewofhowhumanity’sactions—orinaction—willchangeourplanetoverthecomingdecadesandcenturies.Butbecausetheplanetissuchacomplexsystem,theyaren’tperfectclimatemodelshaveuncertaintiesthatgrowlargerastheygofartherintothefuture.Scientistsandengineersfromacrossthecountryareteaminguptobuildanewtypeofclimatemodelthatisdesignedtoprovidemorepreciseandactionablepredictions.Currentclimatemodelingreliesondividinguptheglobeintoagrid(格子)andthencomputingwhatisgoingonineachsectorofthegrid,aswellashowthesectorsinteractwitheachother.Limitationsinavailablecomputerprocessingpowermeanthatthosesectorsgenerallycannotbeanysmallerthantensofkilometersperside.Butforclimatemodeling,thedevilisinthedetails—detailsthatgetmissedinatoo-largegrid.“Forcitiesplanningtheirstormwatermanagementfacilitiestoresistthenext100years’worthoffloods,thisisaseriousissue.Concreteanswersaboutthelikelyrangeofclimateoutcomesarekeyforplanning.”saysTapioSchneider,seniorresearchscientistatCliMA．Weighingrecentadvancesinthecomputationalanddatasciences,theteamplanstostepincandesceofthepartnersbringsadifferentstrengthandresearchexpertisetotheproject.“Ourgoalisanewmodelthatprojectsfuturechangesincriticalvariablessuchascloudcover,seaiceextent,andrainfallmoreaccurately—withuncertaintiesatleasthalfthesizeofthoseinexistingmodels.”saidDr.Andrew,theteamleader.OnedoubterabouttheapplicationofclimatemodelsisRaffaeleFerrari,aCecilandIdaGreenProfessorofOceanographyatMIT.“Usingamodel,webecomepuppeteers,mastersofagiantsystemthatis,intruth,beyondhumancontrol.Wecancoolorheattheplanetatwill,addsaltoriceorrainordustinanyamountwewant,”Dr.Ferrarisays.“Wehavenobackupplanet.Howclimatemodelsareusedremainstobeseen.”5．Whyareclimatemodelsbuilt?A．Tocollectscientificdata. B．Tomonitorhumanactions.C．Todeliverusefulforecasts. D．Tomaintainsocialsystems.6．Whatistheproblemofcurrentclimatemodeling?A．Shortageoffacilities. B．Relianceoncomputers.C．Inabilitytogetsmallergrids. D．Limitationinsimplifyingdetails.7．Whatdoestheteamaimtodo?A．Investigateseriousissues. B．Guaranteethesafetyofthecity.C．Changethefutureclimate. D．Improvetheaccuracyofthemodels.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Climatemodelsenjoysgreatpopularity.B．Scientistshavecreatedanewclimatemodel.C．Doubtsaboutclimatemodelsaredisappearing.D．Cautionisadvisedintheuseofclimatemodels.（23-24高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）In2017,EllicHighwood,theprofessorofclimatephysicsattheUniversityofReading,postedaphotographonTwitterofa“globalwarmingblanket”shehadcrocheted(用钩针编织),inwhichrowsofcolourrepresentedaverageglobaltemperaturechangesacrosstime.Shehadnoideathatagraphicversionlatercreatedbyacolleaguewouldbecomeaglobalsymbolofclimatechange.Shehadnoideathatagraphicversionlatercreatedbyacolleaguewouldbecomeaglobalsymbolofclimatechange.Unliketraditionaldatavisualisations,theblanket’spatternonlyfeaturescolors—andseemstobeabarcodemorethananormalgraph.WhenEdHawkins,climatescientistandprofessoratthesameuniversity,sawthewarmingstripesandwitnessedpeople’sreactions,hethoughttheywouldbeagoodwaytovisualisethedatafromclimatechangeonline.Hereducedtherangeofcolorstotonesofbluesandreds,universallyassociatedinweathermapswithtemperature.Ayearlater,HawkinstestedthedesignattheHayFestivalintheUK.Afterapositivereception,heembarkedonamissiontomakethewarmingstripeswidelyaccessibleandlaunchedawebsite.Withinaweek,thesitehadmorethanonemilliondownloadsfromacross180countries.Meteorologist(气象学家)BernadetteWoodsPlackyfirstsawthestripesonFacebookin2018.WhenaweatherpresenterprintedthedesignonatietowearonTV,andaskedifanybodyelsewantedtojoin,Bernadettesawanopportunityforthecommunitytocollaborate.TheypartneredwithHawkins,universities,theWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,andothers,andhadaWhatsAppgroupwithTVweatherpresentersfrommorethan100countries.The“warmingstripes”imagehasbeenembracedbyactivistsglobally.ThestripeshavebeenworninLondonFashionWeekcatwalksanddisplayedonpublictransportinEurope,decoratedbuildingsandevennaturallandmarksinEngland.Cycling4Climate,afoundationthathasorganizedridesinsixcountriestopromoteclimatechangeawareness,chosethestripepatternasauniformbecauseofthestrongmessageitconveys.Thewarmingstripesmaynotnecessarilybethesolution,butperhapstheyrepresentafirststepinrecognizingtheproblem.9．Whatcanweknowaboutthewarmingstripes?A．Theyconsistofabarcodeandanormalgraph.B．Theyareapracticalapproachtoglobalwarming.C．Theyrevealthecausesofglobalclimatechanges.D．TheygoglobalduetotheworkofBernadetteandEdHawkins.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"collaborate"inparagraph4mean?A．Cooperate. B．Resolve. C．Dominate. D．Interrupt.11．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetothewarmingstripes?A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Favorable. D．Conserved.12．Whatisthefocusofthepassage?A．Avisualreminderofglobalwarming.B．Acommonphenomenonofclimatecrisis.C．Arealisticprojectplanforsettlingclimateissues.D．Acomprehensiveinitiativeofenvironmentconservation.（23-24高二下·浙江绍兴·期末）Slowtravelmainlyreferstothespeedofwhichatripistaken,wheretravelerstakeatrainthroughEuropeinsteadofflying,forexample.However,italsohasabroadermeaningoftouristsstayingindestinationsforlonger,emphasizingaconnectionwithlocalpeople,culture,foodandmusic.Thismeansthatslowtravelisalsomoresustainableforlocalcommunitiesandtheenvironment.JohannaBonhill-Smith,Travel&TourismAnalystatGlobalData,comments:“Variousconsumertrendsalreadysuggestthatslowtravelcouldtakeoffsoon.Atriplongerthantennightsismorehighlydesired（22%）thanadayvisit（10%）orshortbreakawayfromonetothreenights（14%）accordingtoalivepollfromGlobalData.”Thereisalsoalargerremoteworkforceacrosstheglobe.Over70%ofglobalrespondentschooetoworkremotelyfulltimeorhaveamixtureofbothremoteandofficeworkinanotherGlobalDatapoll.Manyofficesarelikelytobemoreflexibleregardingworkinghoursandthelocationofanemployee,meaningcombiningworkandleisurewillbeeasierforemployees.Sustainabilityisalsoattheforefrontofconsumers’decisions.“Supportingsocialcauses”wasidentifiedasakeydriverinproductpurchasesfor25%ofglobalrespondentsinGlobalData’sQ12021consumersurveyandfor45%thiswas“nicetohave”.Preferenceforproductscanreflectonservicetrendsandthisidentifiesthatconsumersmayfeelmoreinclinedtosupportlocalcommunities,whichisagapthat‘slowtravel’canfill.Bonhill-Smithadds:“Slowtravelissuretomakeitsmarkintravel.Thistrendreflectsconsumers’growingdesireformoreexperientialformsoftravel,goingaboveandbeyondthehordes(成群)oftouristsgatheredforsun,seaandsand.Itspotentialgrowthcouldfurtherrivaltheconceptofmasstourismandtheall-inclusivepackageholidayconceptintravel’snewtrend.”13．Whichcanbeaproperexampleofslowtravel?A．TotakeadirectflighttoEnglandfromFrance.B．TospendonedayinLondonandtastedfoodthere.C．Toliveinalocalhouseforan8-daystayinItaly.D．ToattendamusicfestivalinSpainandreturninaday.14．HowdoesBonhill-Smithknowslowtravelcouldtakeoff?A．Byconductinganon-siteresearch.B．Byinterviewingtheglobalrespondentsonline.C．Byanalyzingcomprehensivedatafromalivepoll.D．Bypredictingtheconsumertrendsaccordingtohisexperience.15．Whatfeaturesheavilyinconsumerdecisions?A．Satisfyingone'spersonaldesireforproducts.B．Pursuingsustainabilityinsupportofsocialcauses.C．Seekingflexibilityinshoppingtimeandexpectations.D．Decliningtoformanassociationwithlocalcommunities.16．Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?A．Experientialtravelcloselyrelatestotourists'culturalcompetence.B．Thetopbeachdestinationsareappealingtogroupsoftourists.C．All-inclusivepackageholidayispopularnowadays.D．Slowertravelcouldbethenextbigtourismtrend.（23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Issocialmediareallymakingyoungpeopleantisocial(孤僻的)?Asurprisingnewstudyfindsthatchildrenandyoungadultswhousetheseplatformsthemostareactuallymoreactiveintherealworldthanothers!Thenewfindingscomefromalong-termprojectcalledtheTrondheimEarlySecureStudy.Researcherscollectedinformationfromabout800childrenandyoungadultswhentheywere10,12,14,16,and18yearsold.Thisincludedinterviewsabouteachchild’suseofsocialmediafromyeartoyear.Thegoalwastodetermineifusingsocialmediaaffectsayoungperson’soverallsocialskills.Totheteam’ssurprise,participantsfrequentlyusingtheseplatformsdidnotseetheirsocialskillsreduced.“Onthecontrary,wefindthatpeoplewhousesocialmediaalotspendmoretimewithfriendsofflinethanthosewhotendtolimittheirscreentime,”saysProfessorSiljeSteinsbekkfromtheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology’sDepartmentofPsychology.However,socialmediacanpresentchallengesforchildrenandteens.Althoughitoffersaconvenientandcomfortablewayforthosewithsocialanxietytocommunicate,itcanalsoleadtoaddictionandmisuse.Studieshavesuggestedthatyoungpeoplewithanxietyaremoreeasilyaffectedbythenegativeeffectsofsocialmedia,whichcanworsentheirsymptomsandharmtheirmentalhealth.Therefore,itiscrucialforparentstomonitortheirchildren’sonlineactivityandusage.Despitetheriskstosome,theteamsaystheirfindingsdebunkthebeliefthatsocialmediacausesyoungpeopletobecomesociallyisolated.Infact,theirfrequentuseofsocialplatformsmayactuallygivethemmoreopportunitiestoconnectwitholdandnewfriendsandsetupchancestogooutandsocializeoutdoors.17．Whatdoesthestudyfocuson?A．Theimportanceofyoungpeople’ssocialskills.B．Theimpactofsocialmediaonyoungpeople.C．Reasonsforpeoplebecomingisolatedfromthecommunity.D．Waystopreventchildrenfrombecomingaddictedtosocialmedia.18．Whomayprobablybemoreactiveintherealworldaccordingtothestudy?A．Ateenagerwhousessocialmediafrequently.B．Aboywhonevermakesfriendsonline.C．AgirlwhoseldomsurfstheInternet.D．Anewparentwhoisexperiencingsocialanxiety.19．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A．Negativeemotionscauseteenstomisusesocialmedia.B．Kidsaremoreeasilyinfluencedbysocialmediathanadults.C．Onlinecommunicationcanhelpimprovepeople’smentalhealth.D．Socialmediaisadouble-edgedswordforyoungpeoplewithanxiety.20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunk”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Explain. B．Ignore.C．Confirm. D．Contradict.（23-24高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）Anewstudyexaminespossibleharmcausedbymicroscopicpiecesofplasticthatendupinsidepeople’sbodies.Thesematerials—knownasmicroplasticsandnanoplastics—canenterthebodythroughtheairorinfoodordrinks.Onenewstudysuggeststhebuildupofsuchplasticsinsidethebodycanincreasetheriskofastroke,heartattackordeath.Buttheresearchersnotedtheevidencepresentedcannotproveadirectlinkbetweentinyplasticmaterialsandheartproblems.Thestudyinvolved257peoplewhohadmedicaloperationstoclearblockedbloodvessels(血管)intheirnecks.Italianresearchersexaminedthefattybuildupthedoctorsremovedfromthecarotidarteries,whichsupplybloodandoxygentothebrain.Usingtwomethods,theyfoundevidenceofplastics—mostlynanoplasticsthatcannotbeseen—inthearteryplaque(动脉斑块)of150patients.Noevidenceofplasticswasseenin107patients.Theteamfollowedthesepeopleforthreeyears.Duringthattime,30individuals,or20percentofthegroupwithplastics,hadaheartattack,stroke,ordiedfromanycause.Theseratesdroppedtoabouteightpercentamongthosewithnoevidenceofplastics.ResearchresultswererecentlypublishedinastudyintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Theresearchersadmittedtheirstudywasverysmall.Forexample,itonlylookedatpeoplewithnarrowedarterieswhowerealreadyatriskforheartattacksandstroke.SteveNissenisaheartexpertattheClevelandClinicinthestateofOhiowhowasnotpartofthestudy.HetoldtheAssociatedPresshethinkstheteam’sestimatethattheriskofheartattack,strokeordeathwasfourtimesgreaterseemstoohigh.“Itwouldmeanthatthesemicroplasticsarethemostimportantcauseofcoronaryheartdisease(冠心病)yetdiscovered.AndIjustdon’tthinkthat’slikelytoberight,”Nissensaid.“Maybe,it’sjustawake-upcallthatperhapsweneedtotaketheproblemofmicroplasticsmoreseriously.”Nissenadded.21．Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?A．Bydoingonlinesurveys. B．Byinterviewingparticipants.C．Bycomparingwithformerexperiments. D．Byconductingexperimentsandanalyzingdata.22．Whatdidtheteamfindaboutthe150patients?A．Theywereingoodhealthbeforethestudy.B．Noevidenceofplasticswerefoundinthem.C．20percentofthemdiedfromheartattacks.D．Theydevelopedmanymorehealthproblemsthanthe107patients.23．WhatcanbeinferredfromNissen’swords?A．Therewasnorelationshipbetweenmicroplasticsandheartdiseases.B．Weshouldpaymoreattentiontotheharmofmicroplasticstoourbody.C．Theresultprovedadirectlinkbetweentinyplasticmaterialsandheartproblems.D．Theresultwasinaccuratebecausetheyonlylookedatpeoplewithnarrowedarteries.24．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Tinyplasticmaterials—Harmfultoourbody?B．Tinyplasticmaterials—Existinourbody?C．Tinyplasticmaterials—Aleadingcauseofourhealth.D．Tinyplasticmaterials—Adirectreasonforheartdiseases.（23-24高二下·浙江丽水·期末）ResearchersfromtheGIGA—CenterofResearchCyclotronattheUniversityofLiègehavediscoveredthatthesleepingbodyreactstotheexternalworldwhilesleeping,whichexplainshowsomesensoryinputmightinfluencesleepquality.ResearchersfromULiègeworkedwiththeUniversityofFribourginSwitzerlandtostudyifthebodygenuinelydisconnectsfromtheoutsideworldwhilesleeping.Theyfocusedonhowtheheartbeatchangeswhenweheardifferentwordswhilesleeping.Theydiscoveredthatcalmingwordsreducedcardiac(心脏的)activityasareflectionofdeepersleep,incontrasttoneutralphrases,whichdidnothavethesameeffect.Thisresult,reportedintheJournalofSleepResearch,throwsfreshlightonbrain-heartinteractionsduringsleep.Apreviousstudyanalyzingbraindatashowedthatrelaxingwordsincreaseddeepsleepdurationandsleepquality,showingthatwecanpositivelyinfluencesleepusingmeaningfulwords.Bythattime,theauthorsreasonedthatthebrainmightstillprocesssensoryinputinawaythatmadeourbodiesfeelmorerelaxedafterhearingsoothingphraseswhilesleeping.Inthisnewstudy,theauthorswereableto