第03辑开学考试 专题02 阅读理解说明文+议论文20篇 （教师版） 2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）

2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）第03辑（开学考试专辑）专题02阅读理解说明文+议论文20篇解析版目录开学考试说明文专区1开学考试议论文专区5（24-25高三上·云南昆明·开学考试）Asthepandemicmakesclear,citiesarepossiblyhumanity’sgreatestinvention,butcitieswithhugepopulationsalsomakeuseasilysufferfromtherapidspreadofdisease.Yethumansaren’ttheonlyspeciesthatfacethisproblem.Honeybeeshavelivedsociallivesfortensofmillionsofyears,makingthemsomeofthemostexperiencedinthebattleagainstinfection.Andovertime,naturalselectionhasgiventhemquiteafewimpressivestrategiesforreducingtransmissionwithinbeegroups.However,thesestrategiesarenotenoughtopreventeverythreat.Honeybeesarebattlingtheirownglobaldisease,forwhichtheyweretotallynotprepared.Aparasiticmite(寄生螨)originallyexistedonlyinthegroupsofAsianhoneybees,butlaterjumpedtoinfectWesternhoneybees.Today,ithasspreadtoeveryregionwherehoneybeesarekeptexceptAustraliaandahandfulofremoteislands,quicklybecomingaglobaldiseaseofthebees.Ifleftuntreated,agroupofbeeswilltypicallydiefromthemiteswithintwoyears.Theseinfections,plusfarmchemicalsandpoornutrition,haveforcedbeekeeperstostruggletokeeptheirbeesalive.Ofthe2.6millionhoneybeegroupsintheUS,overhalfofthemhaveparasiticmite.Andthat’sonlythecountofthosebeesthataretestedandreported;theactualnumbersarelikelymuchhigher.Beekeepershavestillmanagedtoslowlyincreasethenumberofgroupstheykeep,onaverage,butatamuchhighercost.Westernhoneybeesdidnotgrowwithparasiticmite,andtheWesternbeeslackthebehavioralfeaturesthoseAsianhoneybeeshave,likepermanentlyburyingthemembersinfestedbyparasiticmiteand,perhapsthemostextremestrategy,wherethebeesaresosensitivetoparasiticmitethattheycompletelydieassoonasinfected,sacrificingthemselvestopreventthemitefromreproducing.1.Whatmightbetheconsequenceoftheinventionofcities?A.Itmakesthepandemiccleartohumans. B.Humansareeasytargetsofquicklyspreadingdiseases.C.Citieshavemorepopulationthanever. D.Thespreadofdiseasebecomesfasterandfaster.2.Whatcanbelearnedabouthoneybeesfromthetext?A.Theyhavelivedwithinfectionformillionsofyears.B.Theyarenotpreparedforthepandemiclikehumans.C.Asianhoneybeesarefacingaparasiticmitefromthewest.D.Naturalselectionoffersthemstrategiestoprotecttheirspecies.3.What’sthemaintroublebeekeepersarefacing?A.Howtopreventthehoneybeegroupsfromdying.B.Howtocalculatetheexactnumberofhoneybeegroups.C.Howtocutdownonthecostofincreasinghoneybeegroups.D.Howtohelphoneybeeswithparasiticmite.4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Aspecialspreadingdisease B.AsianbeesandWesternbeesC.Thepandemicandcitypopulation D.Honeybeesarestrugglingwiththeirowndisease【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了蜜蜂种群正在与寄生螨作斗争，如果不及时治疗，一群蜜蜂通常会在两年内死于螨虫。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Asthepandemicmakesclear,citiesarepossiblyhumanity’sgreatestinvention,butcitieswithhugepopulationsalsomakeuseasilysufferfromtherapidspreadofdisease.(正如这场大流行所表明的那样，城市可能是人类最伟大的发明，但人口众多的城市也容易使我们遭受疾病的快速传播)”可知，城市的发明导致人类很容易成为快速传播疾病的目标。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第一段“Andovertime,naturalselectionhasgiventhemquiteafewimpressivestrategiesforreducingtransmissionwithinbeegroups.(随着时间的推移，自然选择给了它们一些令人印象深刻的策略来减少蜜蜂群体内的传播)”可知，自然选择为蜜蜂提供了保护物种的策略。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据第三段“Theseinfections,plusfarmchemicalsandpoornutrition,haveforcedbeekeeperstostruggletokeeptheirbeesalive.Ofthe2.6millionhoneybeegroupsintheUS,overhalfofthemhaveparasiticmite.(这些感染，再加上农用化学品和营养不良，迫使养蜂人努力让蜜蜂存活。在美国的260万只蜜蜂群中，超过一半的蜜蜂都有寄生螨)”以及第四段中“ Beekeepershavestillmanagedtoslowlyincreasethenumberofgroupstheykeep,onaverage,butatamuchhighercost.(养蜂人仍然设法缓慢地增加他们平均饲养的蜂群数量，但成本要高得多)”可知，养蜂人面临的主要问题是如何防止蜂群死亡。故选A。4.主旨大意题。根据第二段“However,thesestrategiesarenotenoughtopreventeverythreat.Honeybeesarebattlingtheirownglobaldisease,forwhichtheyweretotallynotprepared.(然而，这些策略并不足以预防所有威胁。蜜蜂正在与它们自己的全球疾病作斗争，它们完全没有准备好)”结合文章主要说明了蜜蜂种群正在与寄生螨作斗争，如果不及时治疗，一群蜜蜂通常会在两年内死于螨虫。可知，D选项“蜜蜂正在与自己的疾病作斗争”最符合文章标题。故选D。（24-25高三上·广东·开学考试）Honeyisasimplepleasure.It’seasytoforget,whileenjoyingitsluxurioussweetnessonasliceofbutteredtoast,thatitistheend-productofacomplicatedproductionlineinvolvingadvancedbiologicalmachineryandthousandsofskilledworkers.Honeystartsoutasnectar(花蜜),asolutionofvarioussugarsthatfloweringplantsproducetoattractinsectslikebutterfliesandallkindsofbees.Mostofthesevisitorsdrinkitdownonthespotasnutritionforthemselves.Afood-huntingworkerbee,though,doesthingsdifferently.Thebeestoresthenectarinitshoneystomachratherthandigestingit.Thestomachcanholdalotofnectar,uptoalmosthalfthebee’sunloadedbodymass,andfillingitmayrequireathousandflowervisits.Thetransformationofnectarintohoneybeginswhilethebeeisstillonthewing,asthehoneystomachproducesenzymes(酶)thatbreakdownthelarger,complexsugarmolecule(分子)intosmallerones.Onarrivalbackatthehive,wherebeesliveandwork,thebeeunloadsthenectarbygivingthesugarysolutiontootherworkers,whopassitbackandforthbetweeneachother,addingmoreenzymeseachtime.Onceitissufficientlysticky,themixtureislaiddowninthebeeswaxcellsofthehoneycombandtheworkerscontinuethedryingprocessbyfanningitwiththeirwings.Onlywhenthewatercontenthasbeenreducedtoabout18percent(fromabout75percentintheoriginalnectar)dotheysealthecellswithbeeswaxlids.Atthispoint,itiswellandtrulyhoney.Anaveragehiveproducesabout11kgofhoneyinaseason,whichrequiresthebeestoflyover1.5millionkilometersbetweenthem.Astandardjarofhoneyrequiresabout80,000km.Theeffortthathasgoneintomakinghoneyisworthrememberingwhenspreadingitontotoast—itcansurelyonlyaddtothepleasure.5.Whydoestheworkerbeestorethenectarinitsstomach?A.Todigestbetter. B.Toabsorbitsnutrition.C.Tokeepitforitsfuturefood. D.Toshareitwithotherbees.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Thecellsaresealedbystickysolution. B.Producinghoneyrequiresteamwork.C.Thedryingworkisdonebyfemalebees. D.It’scriticaltomaintainwaterpercentage.7.Howisthelastparagraphdeveloped?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bygivingdefinitions.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byprovidingexamples.8.Whichmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SkilledWorkersB.ASimplePleasureC.AdvancedandIntelligentCreaturesD.LuxuriousSweetnessfromDelicateWork【答案】5.D6.B7.A8.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了蜜蜂将花蜜转换成蜂蜜的过程。5.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mostofthesevisitorsdrinkitdownonthespotasnutritionforthemselves.Afood-huntingworkerbee,though,doesthingsdifferently.Thebeestoresthenectarinitshoneystomachratherthandigestingit.(这些访客中的大多数会当场喝下它作为自己的营养。然而，一只觅食工蜂的行为却不同。蜜蜂将花蜜储存在蜜胃中，而不是消化它。)”以及第三段中的“Onarrivalbackatthehive,wherebeesliveandwork,thebeeunloadsthenectarbygivingthesugarysolutiontootherworkers,whopassitbackandforthbetweeneachother,addingmoreenzymeseachtime.(回到蜜蜂生活和工作的蜂巢后，蜜蜂通过将含糖溶液给其他工蜂来卸下花蜜，工蜂在彼此之间来回传递，每次添加更多的酶。)”可知，工蜂把花蜜存在胃里就是为了把它分享给其他的蜜蜂。故选D。6.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Onarrivalbackatthehive,wherebeesliveandwork,thebeeunloadsthenectarbygivingthesugarysolutiontootherworkers,whopassitbackandforthbetweeneachother,addingmoreenzymeseachtime.Onceitissufficientlysticky,themixtureislaiddowninthebeeswaxcellsofthehoneycombandtheworkerscontinuethedryingprocessbyfanningitwiththeirwings.(回到蜜蜂生活和工作的蜂巢后，蜜蜂通过将含糖溶液给其他工蜂来卸下花蜜，工蜂在彼此之间来回传递，每次添加更多的酶。一旦它足够粘稠，混合物就会放在蜂窝的蜂蜡细胞中，工蜂们用翅膀给它扇风，继续干燥过程。)”可推知，蜂蜜的转化过程是需要团队合作的。故选B。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“about11kgofhoneyinaseason”“flyover1.5millionkilometers”“about80,000km”可推知，本段通过列数据的方式展开。故选A。8.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Honeyisasimplepleasure.It’seasytoforget,whileenjoyingitsluxurioussweetnessonasliceofbutteredtoast,thatitistheend-productofacomplicatedproductionlineinvolvingadvancedbiologicalmachineryandthousandsofskilledworkers.(蜂蜜是一种简单的快乐。在享受一片涂了黄油的烤面包上面的它那奢华甜味时，人们很容易忘记，这是一条涉及先进生物机械和数千名熟练工作者的复杂生产线的最终产品。)”可知，第一段指出奢华甜蜜的蜂蜜是复杂工作的最终产品，接下来文章具体介绍了花蜜转化成蜂蜜的过程。由此可推知，D项“精细工作带来的奢华甜味”最适合作文章标题。故选D。（24-25高三上·全国·开学考试）AnewwaytogetridofHIVfromthebodycouldonedaybeturnedintoacureforinfectionbythisvirus,althoughithasn’tyetbeenshowntoworkinpeople.ThestrategyusesarelativelyrecentgenetictechniquecalledCRISPR,whichcanmakecutsinDNAtointroduceerrorsintoviralgeneticmaterialwithinimmunecells(免疫细胞).“Thesefindingsrepresentakeyadvancementtowardsdesigningacurestrategy,”researcherElenaHerreraCarrilloattheUniversityofAmsterdamintheNetherlandssaidinastatement.WhileinfectionwithHIVwasoncenearlyalwaysfatal(致命的),thosewiththeviruscannowtakedrugsthatstopitfromreproducing.Thisgivesthemanearlynormallifespan,aslongastheydiligentlytaketheirmedicineseveryday.Butwhenpeoplearefirstinfected,someofthevirusinsertsitsDNAintotheirimmunecells,whereitstaysdormant.IftheystoptakingtheirHIVmedicines,thisDNA“reawakens”andthevirusstartsspreadingthroughtheirimmunesystemsagain.Foracure,weneedsomewayofkillinganydormantvirusinthebody.Severalstrategieshavebeentried,butnonehavesofarbeenfoundtowork.Thelatestapproachusesagene-editingsystemcalledCRISPR.Originallydiscoveredinbacteria,thishomesinonaspecificDNAsequence,makingcutsinit.BychangingtheDNAsequencebeingtargeted,thesystemcanpotentiallybeturnedintoaformofgenetherapyformanyconditions,withthefirstsuchtreatmenthavingbeenapprovedlastyearintheUSandUKasacureforsicklecellanemia.SeveralgroupsareinvestigatingusingCRISPRwhichtargetsageneinHIVasawayofdisablingdormantvirus.Now,Carrilloandherteamhaveshownthat,whentestedonimmunecellsinadish,theirCRISPRsystemcoulddisableallviruses,removingthemfromthesecells.TheworkisduetobepresentedattheEuropeanCongressofClinicalMicrobiologyandInfectiousDiseasesinBarcelona,Spain,nextmonth.JonathanStoyeattheFrancisCrickInstituteinLondonsaysthatalthoughtheresultsareencouraging,thenextstepistrialsinanimalsandeventuallypeopletoshowthetreatmentcanreachalltheimmunecellswithdormantHIV.Someofthesecellsarethoughttoresideinbonemarrow,buttheremaybeotherbodysitesinvolvedtoo,hesays.“There’sstillafairamountofuncertaintyaboutwhetherthereareotherreservoirsinotherpartsofthebody,”hesays.ACalifornianfirmcalledExcisionBioTherapeuticshaspreviouslyshownthataCRISPR-basedapproachcanreducetheamountofdormantvirusinmonkeysinfectedwithasimilarvirustoHIV.9.HowdoestheCRISPRunderlyinglogic?A.CuringpeoplewhohaveHIV. B.Preventingvirusbreeding.C.Unneededtoabsorbdrugsregularly. D.ChangingDNA’ssequence.10.Whichdescriptionisthemostsuitablefortheunderlinedword“dormant”inparagraph4?A.Havingbiologicalactivitysuspended.B.Representedonacostofarmsinalyingpositionwiththeheadontheforefeet.C.Markedbyasuspensionofexternalactivity.D.Associatedwith,carriedout,orappliedduringaperiodofdormancy.11.Howdoesthegroupconducttheirresearchinparagraph7?A.Byerasingthevirusintothecell. B.Bytestingoutsidethebody.C.Bylaunchingaclinicaltrial. D.ByverifyingCRISPR’sefficiency.12.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thetreatmentenablesittoreachthesystem.B.HIVisstilllivinginhumanbeings’marrow.C.Severalfunctionsshouldbeinvestigated.D.Thestrategyisstillregardedasaprospect.【答案】9.D10.A11.B12.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种利用CRISPR基因编辑技术来消除体内HIV的新方法，尽管尚未在人类身上证明其有效性，但这种策略有望成为治愈HIV感染的方法。9.细节理解题。由第六段“Thelatestapproachusesagene-editingsystemcalledCRISPR.Originallydiscoveredinbacteria,thishomesinonaspecificDNAsequence,makingcutsinit.BychangingtheDNAsequencebeingtargeted,thesystemcanpotentiallybeturnedintoaformofgenetherapyformanyconditions,withthefirstsuchtreatmenthavingbeenapprovedlastyearintheUSandUKasacureforsicklecellanemia.(最新的方法使用了一种名为CRISPR的基因编辑系统。该系统最初在细菌中发现，它针对特定的DNA序列进行切割。通过改变靶向的DNA序列，该系统有可能成为许多疾病的基因治疗形式，去年美国和英国批准了第一种治疗镰状细胞贫血的方法)”可知，CRISPR的基本原理是通过改变DNA序列来进行基因编辑，从而有可能成为多种疾病的基因治疗方法。故选D项。10.词句猜测题。由第四段“Butwhenpeoplearefirstinfected,someofthevirusinsertsitsDNAintotheirimmunecells,whereitstaysdormant.IftheystoptakingtheirHIVmedicines,thisDNA“reawakens”andthevirusstartsspreadingthroughtheirimmunesystemsagain.(但是当人们第一次被感染时，一些病毒会将其DNA插入他们的免疫细胞中，并在那里保持dormant。如果他们停止服用艾滋病毒药物，这种DNA会“重新唤醒”，病毒会再次开始通过他们的免疫系统传播)”可知，停止服用艾滋病毒药物，进入人体免疫细胞的DNA会“重新唤醒”，说明之前这些DNA休眠了，dormant在此处的意思是“暂停生物活动”。故选A项。11.细节理解题。由第七段中“Now,Carrilloandherteamhaveshownthat,whentestedonimmunecellsinadish,theirCRISPRsystemcoulddisableallviruses,removingthemfromthesecells.(现在，Carrillo和她的团队已经证明，当在培养皿中的免疫细胞上进行测试时，他们的CRISPR系统可以禁用所有病毒，将它们从这些细胞中清除)”可知，他们的研究是在体外进行的。故选B项。12.推理判断题。由倒数第二段中“JonathanStoyeattheFrancisCrickInstituteinLondonsaysthatalthoughtheresultsareencouraging,thenextstepistrialsinanimalsandeventuallypeopletoshowthetreatmentcanreachalltheimmunecellswithdormantHIV.(伦敦弗朗西斯·克里克研究所的乔纳森·斯托耶说，尽管结果令人鼓舞，但下一步是在动物身上进行试验，并最终在人体内进行试验，以证明这种治疗可以到达所有休眠的艾滋病毒免疫细胞)”和最后一段“ACalifornianfirmcalledExcisionBioTherapeuticshaspreviouslyshownthataCRISPR-basedapproachcanreducetheamountofdormantvirusinmonkeysinfectedwithasimilarvirustoHIV.(一家名为ExcisionBioTherapeutics的加利福尼亚公司此前已经证明，基于CRISPR的方法可以减少感染与HIV类似病毒的猴子体内休眠病毒的数量)”可知，这种策略有其好处，仍被视为一种前景。故选D项。（24-25高三上·广东·开学考试）ArecentsurveyintheUSfoundthatGenZ-ersandMillennials(千禧一代)visitlibrariesmoreoftenthantheirparentsorgrandparents.Theyounglovelibrariesbecausetheyaresecure,comfortable,freeand—asmy11-year-oldwouldsay—“aesthetic”.ThismeanstheylookgoodinthebackgroundofanInstagrampostorTikTokvideo.Librariesarealsoagreatplacetomeetpeople.Ifyou’rebothyoungandinalibrary,chancesarethatyouhavesimilarinterests.Andthen,too,therearethebooks.GenZ-ersareturningouttobebigreaders,especiallyofpaperbooks.Eventhoughtheyhavesmartphones,themostlimitlesslydistractingdeviceseverinvented,intheirpockets,manyaredeliberatelychoosingtopickupapieceof15th-centurytechnologyinstead.Theylikethefactthatbooksareself-containedandrequireconcentration.Thereis,sometimes,asenseofnostalgic(怀旧的)cosplayinthewayyoungpeopleread.InNewYork,forexample,thelatestTikTok-fuelledcrazeisreadingwithstrangersinbars.Youhavetobuyaticketinadvance,andthenyouallgatherandsitinsilencefor30minutes,readingwhateverbookyou’vebroughtalong.Likeanexpensiveversionofgoingtothelibrary,exceptthatafterwardsyouallhaveadrinkandtalkaboutbooks.Theverythoughtofitmakesmesuffer,butthat’sbecauseI’machildofthe1970sand1980s.Tome,readingisaprivatepleasure,whilescreens—TVorcinema—aresocial.Ididonce,inafitofambitiousparenting,introducea“familyreadinghour”,duringwhichmyhusbandandchildrenwerepressedtojoinmeatthefiresideforsomesilentreading.Itcouldnothavefeltmoreperformativeifwehaddressedupintophatsandcrinolines(旧时的裙衬).Butstill,Iapplaudtheseyoungreaders—forknowingwhatisgoodforthem,forseekingouthumanconnection,forfindingthebeautyandpleasureinoldinstitutions,andforbringingnewlifetothelibrary.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aesthetic”inparagraphlmean?A.Visuallyappealing. B.Similarlyprivate.C.Spirituallyrelaxing. D.Economicallypractical.14.Whydomanyyoungpeoplechoosetoreadpaperbooksdespitehavingsmartphones?A.Paperbooksarecheaperthansmartphones.B.Paperbooksareeasiertocarryaround.C.Paperbooksareaformofnostalgicentertainment.D.Paperbooksofferadistraction-freereadingexperience.15.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.ThepopularityofTikTokinNewYork.B.Agatheringattendedbystrangersfreeofcharge.C.Anewreadingtrendintegratingtheoldandnew.D.Historicalcostumesandtheirappealtoyoungreaders.16.Whydoestheauthormentiona“familyreadinghour”inparagraph4?A.Tohighlighthersuccessinparentingthechildren.B.Toillustrateherattempttocombinepersonalandjointreadinghabits.C.Tocriticizethelackofinterestinperformanceamongfamilymembers.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofdressingformallyduringfamilyactivities.【答案】13.A14.D15.C16.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Z世代和千禧一代喜欢去图书馆的原因、新的读书方式、作者的读书见解。13.词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Theyounglovelibrariesbecausetheyaresecure,comfortable,freeand—asmy11-year-oldwouldsay—‘aesthetic’.ThismeanstheylookgoodinthebackgroundofanInstagrampostorTikTokvideo.”（年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——‘aesthetic’。这意味着它们在Instagram帖子或TikTok视频的背景中看起来很好。）可知，划线词aesthetic意思是“有美感的，视觉上吸引人的”。A.Visuallyappealing视觉上很吸引人；B.Similarlyprivate同样私密；C.Spirituallyrelaxing精神放松；D.Economicallypractical经济实用。故选A。14.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Eventhoughtheyhavesmartphones,themostlimitlesslydistractingdeviceseverinvented,intheirpockets,manyaredeliberatelychoosingtopickupapieceof15th-centurytechnologyinstead.Theylikethefactthatbooksareself-containedandrequireconcentration.”（尽管他们口袋里有智能手机，这种有史以来最具干扰性的设备，许多人还是故意选择拿起一件15世纪的技术。他们喜欢书籍是自成一体的，需要集中注意力。）可知，许多年轻人选择阅读纸质书籍是因为纸质书籍提供了一个无干扰的阅读体验。故选D。15.主旨大意题。根据第三段中“InNewYork,forexample,thelatestTikTok-fuelledcrazeisreadingwithstrangersinbars.Youhavetobuyaticketinadvance,andthenyouallgatherandsitinsilencefor30minutes,readingwhateverbookyou’vebroughtalong.Likeanexpensiveversionofgoingtothelibrary,exceptthatafterwardsyouallhaveadrinkandtalkaboutbooks.”（例如，在纽约，最新的TikTok热潮是在酒吧里与陌生人一起阅读。你必须提前买票，然后大家聚在一起，安静地坐30分钟，读你带来的任何一本书。就像去图书馆的昂贵版本，除了之后你们都喝一杯，谈论书。）可知，第三段主要讲的是一种融合了旧与新的新的阅读趋势。故选C。16.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Ididonce,inafitofambitiousparenting,introducea‘familyreadinghour’,duringwhichmyhusbandandchildrenwerepressedtojoinmeatthefiresideforsomesilentreading.Itcouldnothavefeltmoreperformativeifwehaddressedupintophatsandcrinolines(旧时的裙衬).”（有一次，在雄心勃勃的育儿冲动下，我推出了“家庭阅读时间”，在此期间，我的丈夫和孩子们被迫和我一起在炉边默读。如果我们戴上大礼帽，穿上裙衬，也不会感觉更有表演感。）可知，作者提到“家庭阅读时间”是为了说明她试图将个人和共同的阅读习惯结合起来。故选B。（24-25高三上·山西·开学考试）Lastsummer,twonineteenth-centurycottageswererescuedfromremotefarmfieldsinMontana,tobemovedtoanArtDecobuildinginSanFrancisco.Thehousesweremadeofwood.ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil;nowtheyholdTwitterengineers.Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustry’soddlovefor“lowtechnology”,aconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworld,andwithold-schoolcraftsmanshipthatexistslongbeforetheInternetera.Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobviousexample,butTwitter’sdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretationoflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenatural,park-likesetting.”AtGoogle’soffice,anentireflooriscarpetedingrass.Facebook’ssecondMenloParkcampuswillhavearooftopparkwithawalkingpath.

OlleLundberg,thefounderofLundbergDesign,hasworkedwithmanytechcompaniesovertheyears.“Wehavelosttheconnectionstothemakerinourlives,andourtechengineersaretheoneswhofeelimpoverished(贫乏的),becausethey’resurroundedbythedigitalworld,”hesays.“They’relookingforawaytoregaintheirindividualidentity,andwe’vefoundthatintroducingrealcraftsisonewaytodothat.”

Thiscraft-basedtheoryisrootedinhistory.WilliamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-industrialartsintheeighteen-sixties,justafterIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife,”Morrissaid.

Researchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestoreourmentalabilities.InJapan,patientsareencouragedto“forest-bathe”,takingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressure.

Thesehealthbenefitsapplytotheworkplaceaswell.RachelKaplvin,aprofessorofenvironmentalpsychology,hasspentyearsresearchingtherestorativeeffectsofnaturalenvironments.Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice—evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers—felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying.Iflow-techofficescanpotentiallynourishthebrainsandimprovethementalhealthofemployeesthen,fine,bringonthecottages.17.Whydidthewritermentionthetwonineteenth-centurycottages?A.ToshowthatTwitterishavingahardtime.B.Toshowthatoldcottagesareinneedofprotection.C.ToshowthatearlysettlersoncesufferedfromadryclimateinMontana.D.ToshowthatInternetcompanieshaverediscoveredthebenefitsoflowtechnology.18.Lowtechnologyisregardedassomethingthat_____.A.isrelatedtonature B.isoutofdatetodayC.consumestoomuchenergy D.existsinthevirtualworld19.What’sthemainideaofParagraph5?A.Humanbeingshavedestroyedmanypre-industrialarts.B.Humanbeingshaveatraditionofvaluingartsandcrafts.C.Humanbeingscanbecomeintelligentbylearninghistory.D.Humanbeingscanregaintheirindividualidentitybyusingmachines.20.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PastGlories,FutureDreamsB.TheVirtualWorld,theRealChallengeC.High-techCompanies,Low-techOfficesD.TheMoreCraftsmanship,theLessCreativity【答案】17.D18.A19.B20.C【导语】本文为说明文。本文讲述的是关于现代科技公司运用“大自然对人们创造力产生作用”的理念，积极创设原生态的办公环境。这里提到的低科技指的是工业化之前的建造技术，它更贴近自然。在自然的办公环境下，职员们不会感到有压力，对他们的健康是有好处的。17.推理判断题。第二段中的“Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobviousexample,butTwitter’sdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretationoflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.（低科技不是虚拟的——因此，为了利用它，互联网公司必须发挥创造力。这些在十九世纪末手工建造的被拯救的木屋就是一个明显的例子，但Twitter的设计却处于极端。其他公司正在使用更宽泛的低科技解释，专注于自然。）”以及最后一段“Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice---evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers

---felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying（她的研究发现，在办公室里能接触大自然的员工——哪怕只是看到树木和鲜花——都会感到工作压力更小，更令人满意）”可知，作者给出两座十九世纪的小屋例子，表明互联网公司重新发现了低技术的好处。故选D。18.推理判断题。第二段中的“Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustry’soddloveaffairwith“lowtechnology,”aconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworld（“低技术”是一个与自然世界相关的概念）”第三中作者给出的例子“Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenaturalpark-likesetting（在一个更自然、公园般的环境中工作和社交）”以及最后一段中“Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice---evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers---felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying（能够在办公室接触大自然的员工——哪怕只是看到树木和鲜花——都觉得自己的工作压力更小，更令人满意）”可以判断出，“低科技”跟大自然有关，即在一个天然的环境下，故选A。19.主旨大意题。第五段中的“Thiscraft-basedtheoryisrootedinhistory.WilliamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-industrialartsintheeighteen-sixties,justafterIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife,”Morrissaid.

（这种以工艺为基础的理论根植于历史。英国艺术家兼作家威廉·莫里斯(WilliamMorris)在工业革命刚刚结束的19世纪60年代，又回到了前工业时代的艺术。工艺美术运动反对机器。“没有创造性的人类职业，人们就会与生活脱节，”莫里斯说。）”。可知，人类有重视工艺美术的传统。故选B。20.主旨大意题。这篇文章中作者告诉我们，现代的高科技公司需要有创造力，要充分的利用以前的低科技技术，创设更加原生态的办公环境。文中第三段与第四段举例，现代高科技的办公室运用“lowtechnology”。且“lowtechnology”是文章的中心词。故用C项“高科技公司、低科技办公室”作为题目是最合适的。故选C。（24-25高三上·云南玉溪·开学考试）Peoplehaveunderstoodthatkindnessisgoodforthepersonwhoreceiveshelp.Forexample,whenwegivefoodtoahungryperson,heisblessed.However,scientistshaverecentlybeguntostudytheeffectkindnesshasonthepersongivingit.Whattheyhavefoundisthatdoinggoodisgoodforthedoer.Actsofkindnesscanimprovehealth,helpapersonreachgoalsandevenaddyearstoaperson'slife.Thefirststudytoshowtheconnectionbetweendoinggoodandlivingalonglifewasastudyonaging.Beginningin1956,scientistsstudiedagroupofmarriedmothersfor30years.Theythoughtthewomenwiththemostchildrenwoulddiefirst.Butthenumberofchildrenawomanhaddidnotmatter.Wealthdidnotmatter.Educationdidnotmatter.Whatdidmatterwaswhethertheyvolunteered.Womenthatvolunteeredhadfewerdiseasesduringtheirlife.Manyotherstudieshavefoundthesamepositiveeffects.Helpingotherpeopleimproveslong-termhealth.Thegainsarethesameforthemen,women,oldpeopleandtheyoung.Thosewhovolunteeredhadfewerseriousdiseasesthanthosewhodidnotvolunteer.Thisincludeddiseasessuchasheartattack,cancerandstroke.Scientistsareresearchingmanypossiblecauses.Onepossiblecauseisanincreaseandantibodies(抗体),whichhelpfightagainstdisease.Onestudyshowedthebodyproducesmoreantibodiesafteranactofkindness.Thisincreaseinantibodiescanlastnearlyanhourafteroneactofkindnessisfinished.Anotheroneisanincreaseinchemicalthatfightstheeffectsofstressfromlife.Scientistshavefoundalinkbetweenbeingkindtopeopleandanincreaseinthechemicaloxytocin(催产素).Oxytocinisachemicalproducedinthebrain.Itreducesmanyoftheharmfulchemicalsthebodyproducesunderstress.21.Whatdidthestudyinparagraph2show?A.Diseasesagepeoplefast. B.Doinggoodisgoodforone’shealth.C.Womenwithmorekidsdieearlier. D.Alongmarriageleadstoalonglife.22.Whatcanweinferaboutantibodiesfromparagraph4?A.Moreantibodiesmaynotbegood. B.Theyhelppeoplereducepressure.C.Theyincrease