第12讲数词（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习（原卷版）

►第12讲数词（讲义）目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析2023年中考数词考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴四数词考向1.基数词的构成和用法2.序数词的构成和用法3.分数的表达法4.提升必考题型归纳五真题感悟数词经典考题【复习目标】1.掌握基数词的构成和用法2.掌握序数词的构成和用法3.掌握分数的表达法【考情分析】数词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2数词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用数词的能力。【网络构建】考向一基数词的构成和用法数词的分类：数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。(1)0—12单独记。如：zero,one,two,three等。(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如：fourteen,seventeen等，但13—thirteen，15—fifteen，18—eighteen需要特殊记。(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。20—twenty，30—thirty，40—forty，50—fifty，80—eighty等。(4)＂几十几＂要加连字符号＂＂。48—fortyeight,97—ninetyseven等。(5)＂几百几十＂或者＂几百几十几＂在＂百＂后加and。156—onehundredandfiftysix,509—fivehundredandnine。(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律：用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读作thousand(千)，第二个逗号读作million(百万)，第三个逗号读作billion(十亿)，hundred后莫忘＂and＂。3,610＝threethousandsixhundredandten；94,295＝ninetyfourthousandtwohundredandninetyfive；基数词的用法①表示确切数字时，基数词hundred,thousand,dozen（12）等，只用单数形式，不能加“s”如：fivethousandsixhundredteachers5600名教师②在表示某些概数的习语中，如“成百上千”等，基数词要加“s”表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用“表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用“几十”的复数形式表示如：inhistwenties在他二十多岁时inthe1980’s/1980s在20世纪80年代③可以用来表示时间如：5：00five/fiveo’clock4：25fourtwenty－five7：20twentypastseven11：15aquarterpasteleven5：55fivetosix9：31twenty－ninetoten④可以用来表示年代如：1980年nineteeneighty⑤可以用来表示年龄如：Heistenyearsold.“基数词“基数词+名词+......”构成复合形容词作定语如：Heisatenyearoldboy.Itafiveminutewalkfromthelibrarytotheplayground.⑥可以用来表示事物编号如：No.TenMiddleSchool第十中学308NanjingRoad南京路308号Room209房间209Section3/Part3第三部分⑦可以用于某些数学算式如：Threeandtwoisfive.3+2=5Tenminusfiveisfive.105=5Threemultipliedbyfourmakestwelve.3×4=12Sixteendividedbyfourisfour.16÷4=4⑧可以用于倍数表达，”基数词+times“表示“...是...几倍”如：Thisroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.⑨可以用于百分数表达。百分数由“基数词+百分号（%）”构成如：30%=thirtypercent65%=sixtyfivepercent考向二序数词的构成和用法first1stsecond2ndthird3rdfourth4thfifth5thsixth6thseventh7theighth8thninth9thtenth10theleventh11thtwelfth12ththirteenth13thfourteenth14thfifteenth15thsixteenth16thseventeenth17theighteenth18thnineteenth19thtwentieth20thtwentyfirst21sttwentysecond22ndthirtieth30thfortieth40thfiftieth50thsixtieth60thseventieth70theightieth80thninetieth90thhundredth100thonehundredandfirst101st(1)＂第一＂、＂第二＂、＂第三＂分别是first,second,third。(2)＂第四＂到＂第十九＂除了fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都在相应基数词后面加＂th＂构成。如：fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i，再加＂eth＂。如：thirty→thirtieth;fifty→fiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth;第一千thousandth;第一百万millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时，只变化个位数。如：twentyone→twentyfirst;onehundredandone→onehundredandfirst。基数词变序数词记忆口诀基变序，有规律，词尾加上th。一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t，d，d。八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，ty将y变成i，th前面有个e。若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。整十基数变序数，先把ty变成tie，要是遇上两位数，十位基数，个位序，th最后加上去。序数词的用法①序数词的前面一般要用定冠词the表示”第几“的意思如：Youarethesecondonetoknowtheway.你是第二个知道方法的人当序数词前有形容词性当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰，序数词前不用theThisismythirdquestion./BettyisLinda’sfirstgoodfriend.这是我的第三个问题贝蒂是琳达第一个好朋友We’llreaditasecondtime.我们将再读一遍当当表示”又一，再一“时，序数词前不用the，但可加不定冠词a/an②可以用于年、月、日的表达；年、月用基数词，日用序数词如：Maythefirst/thefirstofMay5月1日Augusttheeighth/theeighthofAugust8月1日March18th,19781978年3月18日③可以用于分数的表达；分子是基数词，分母是序数词；当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式如：twofifthsonethirdsixsevenths注意：1/2通常读作a(one)half1/4可读作a(one)fourth或a(one)quarter④表示编号的时候，经常把基数词放在名词的前面表示顺序相当于the＋序数词＋名词，也可以用“名词+基数词”如：LessonFive＝thefifthlesson第五课⑤可以用于倍数表达，”基数词+times“表示“...是...几倍”=twice/double=twice/double如：Thisroomistwotimesasbigasthatone.=twice/double=twice/doubleThisroomistwotimesbiggerthanthatone.=twice/doubleThisroomistwotimesthesizeofthatone.=twice/double考向三分数的表达法分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。►1/3onethird7/9sevenninths【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：►ahalf二分之一aquarter=onefourth四分之一threequarters=threefourth四分之三一、单项选择1．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）Hereisthemenuofarestaurant.Jimusuallyordersasoup,afruitsalad,apizzaandacupofcoffeeforlunch.TodayisspecialThursday.Hewillspend________dollarsonhislunch.SoupisfreeforspecialThursdaySoup&SaladMaindishesDrinksSoup$4Pizza$18Coffee$3Potatosalad$5Pancake$10Tea$2Fruitsalad$6Pie$8Juice$1A．31 B．4 C．272．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）________ofthestudentsinourclass________goingtothesummercampinXiamennextweek.A．Twofifths;is B．Secondfifths;are C．Twofifths;are3．（2023·甘肃临夏·统考模拟预测）TheGreatWallisasymbolofChina.________travelersfromallovertheworldvisititeveryyear.A．Tenmillionsof B．Tenmillions C．Millionof D．Millionsof4．（2023·四川泸州·统考二模）—Xi’anisabeautifulcitywithapopulationofabout13________.—Yes.Andeveryyear________oftouristsvisitit.A．million;million B．millions;millionC．million;millions D．millions;millions5．（2023·重庆永川·统考一模）Thereare________picturesandthe________oneismyfamilyphoto.A．two;first B．two;two C．first;first D．first;two6．（2023·甘肃白银·统考二模）About________ofthestudentsinourclasslikeancientpoemsandtheycanwritesomebythemselves.A．twothird B．secondthree C．twothirds D．secondthrees7．（2023·江苏宿迁·校联考三模）Mygrandparentsliveinanoldbuildingwith________floorsandtheirflatisonthe________floor.A．sixth;three B．sixth;third C．six;three D．six;third8．（2023·黑龙江佳木斯·统考三模）About________oftheworkersinthefactorywereborninthe________.A．twofifths;1970 B．twofifth;1970 C．twofifths;1970s9．（2023·湖北恩施·统考二模）NationalDayisinOctober,the________monthoftheyear,andiscelebratedbypeoplealloverthecountry.A．ten B．tenth C．ninth10．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考三模）Shakespeareismyfavoritewriter.It’ssaidthat________ofhisplayswerewritteninhis________.A．onethirds；fifties B．onethird；fifty C．onethird；fifties11．（2023·福建泉州·统考三模）JanehasbeentoQuanzhoutwicebeforeandthisishertimetoehere.A．second B．third C．fourth12．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第十七中学校校考三模）—DoyouknowJuly1stof2023isthe________birthdayoftheCPC（中国共产党）?—Ofcourse.Thankstoit,Chinesearepullingtogethertoachievethesecondcentenarygoals.A．onehundredandtwo B．onehundredthandsecond C．onehundredandsecond13．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考二模）Lunchisimportantforstudents.Someofthemchoose“OutsideSmallTable”.Parentshavedifferentopinionsaboutit.________parentsof500worryaboutthat“OutsideSmallTable”hashealthtrouble.OpinionSatisfyingpersonalneedBadeatingenvironmentHavinghealthtroublePercentage25%35%?A．150 B．100 C．20014．（2023·甘肃白银·统考三模）Ataquartertofive,ImetGinainthelibrary.A．4:15 B．4:45 C．5:15 D．5:4515．（2023·黑龙江鸡西·统考一模）Theriveris________deep.Itisdangerousforyoungkidstoplayorswiminit.A．twoandhalfmeter B．twoandonehalfmeters C．twoandahalfmeters二、语法选择（2023·广东广州·统考二模）YuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”,diedattheageof91inChangshainMay2021,16hislegacyliveson,mostrecentlywiththesuccessfuldevelopmentofthe“hugerice”.Itistwiceastallasmonrice17isusuallyaboutonemetertall.In2018,hisspecialtypeofrice18inChongqingfor15mu.Itwasgrown19Mayandharvestedfourmonthslater.Eachmuofthefields20about750—900kilograms.Thistypeofriceisnotonlystrongandtall,butalsoresistanttoflood.Itcan21bringmanynutrientstoplantsnearbyandprovide22goodlivingenvironmentforanimalsinwater.23thewaterinthericefieldsis6080centimetersdeep,it24evenbeusedtoraisefishes.Fromnextyear,“thegiantrice”willbeplantedin25muoffieldsinChongqing.Yuanoncetoldthereporter26hedreamed:to“enjoythecoolshadebeneathriceplants27thanmen”andtoseehybridricegrownallovertheworldtohelpsolvetheglobalfoodshortage.But28,hecan’tseethisachievement.Manypeoplepostedonlinetopaytribute（致敬）toYuanafter29thesuccessofdevelopingthe“giantrice”,saying“30dreamisgraduallyingtrue.Canyouseeit?”16．A．and B．but C．so D．or17．A．which B．who C．whom D．whose18．A．planted B．plants C．wasplanted D．wasplanting19．A．on B．in C．for D．with20．A．produce B．produces C．produced D．wasproducing21．A．also B．too C．either D．aswell22．A．a B．an C．the D．/23．A．Because B．Unless C．Although D．When24．A．can B．may C．must D．should25．A．thousand B．thousands C．thousandof D．thousandsof26．A．why B．that C．what D．how27．A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．thetallest28．A．sad B．sadly C．moresadly D．mostsadly29．A．toknow B．knew C．knows D．knowing30．A．You B．Your C．Yours D．Yourself三、用所给单词适当形式填空31．（2023·云南昆明·昆明八中校考模拟预测）Theoldmanisinhis,butheseemshealthyandhappy.(sixty)32．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）MayesafterAprilanditisthe(five)monthofayear.33．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考模拟预测）Iaminmy(three)yearinthismiddleschool.34．（2023·甘肃临夏·统考模拟预测）China’sNationalDayesinOctober,the(ten)monthoftheyear.35．（2023·甘肃定西·校考模拟预测）Theoldmanlivesonthe(twelve)floor.36．（2023·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测）SeventyyearoldFrankisthe(fortyfive)presidentofourschool.37．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）Thisyearisthe(twentyeight)WorldReadingDay.38．（2023·江苏镇江·统考二模）Accordingtoarecentsurvey,onlytwo(five)oftheworkingmotherswanttohaveasecondchild.39．（2023·云南昆明·统考二模）TreePlantingDayisontheofMarch.Weplantmanytreesthatdayeveryyear.(twelve)40．