山东省2024-2025学年高三上学期新高考联合质量测评10月联考英语答案

山东新高考联合质量测评10月联考试题高三英语本卷满分150分考试时间120分钟注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的学校、姓名、班级、座号、考号填涂在相应位置。2.选择题答案必须使用2B铅笔(按填涂样例)正确填涂:非选择题答案必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写,绘图时,可用2B铅笔作答,字体工整,笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号在各题目的答题区城内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁,不折叠、不破损。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whathasthewomanbeenbusywithtoday?A.Thedinner. B.Thedishes. C.Theschoolproject.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Thelunchdishesstillhaven’tbeendone.W:Oh,sorry,dad,Icompletelyforgotthisschoolprojecthastakenovermymind.I’vedonenothingelseallday.M:Well,you’dbettergoandgetonwithitifyouwantmetomakedinnersoon.W:Sure.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmanychildrenwillattendthepartyatmost?A.13. B.15. C.20.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:HavewehadalltherepliesforEric’spartyyet?Weneedtothinkaboutbookingtheplaycenter.W:Yes,we’vegot13kidssayingyes,fivesayingno,2maybes.M:It’smoreorlesshelpful.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdoweknowaboutBelinda?A.Shehasdarkhair.B.Sheiswearingblueclothes.C.Sheisapplyingforavolunteerprogram.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,I’mheretoseeBelindaaboutavolunteerposition.Ibelieveshe’sexpectingme.W:Ohgreat.Well,seethatladyinblueovertherechattingwiththedarkhairedman.Youcangorightuptoher.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomanprobablydofirst?A.Cleanthecar. B.Buysomesnacks. C.Gotothemovies.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’mgoingtothemovieslater,butIdon’thaveanymoneyforsnacks.IsthereanythingIcandotoearnsomeextracash?M:Well,mycarcoulduseawash,shallwesay,10pounds.W:Perfect.Thanks,dad.I’lldoitrightnow.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredidthewomanfindherphone?A.Inherpocket. B.Onherdesk. C.Inhercar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Didyoufindyourphoneeventually?W:Yes.Luckily,turnsoutithadfallenoutofmypocketwhileIwasdrivingandsliddownthesideofthedriver’sseat.Beforethat,Ihadturnedmydeskupsidedownlookingforit.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Wheredidthemangrowup?A.Inabigcity. B.Inasmalltown. C.Inthecountryside.7.Whydidthemanjointhesingingclub?A.Tomakefriends. B.Togetridofstress. C.Toimprovehissingingskills.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:Sohow’scitylife?M:It’sdifferent.Imissgreenspaces.Imean,theplacewhereIwasbornandraisedwasjustasmalltown.Ifyoudroveinanydirection,youcouldbeintheopencountrysidewithin20minutes.W:Yeah,Iunderstand.Haveyoumadeanynewfriends?M:Afew,thepeopleatworkarenice,plusI’vejustsignedupforasingingclub.I’mnotaverygoodsingerbutI’mhopingtomakesomeconnectionsthere.W:Great.Singingisgreatforreducingstresstoo.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice. B.Inalibrary. C.Atabusstop,9.Whatwasthewoman'sNewYearplan?A.Tokeepfit. B.Tobuyanewphone. C.Togetmoresocialskills.10.Whatisthemanprobablystudyingrightnow?A.Socialscience. B.Physicalscience. C.Languagelessons,【答案】8.C9.A10.A【解析】【原文】W:MorningKevin.M:HiJane,Ithoughtyoumustbedrivingtotheofficetoday.W:Now,Igotupearlyandwalkedheretowaitforthebus.Allpartofmynewyear’splanistogetfit.Iseeyou’vealreadybrokenyours,though.You’reonyourphoneagain.M:Youmeanthis.Thisisn’tsocialmedia,it’samicrolearningAPP.Plus,I’vealreadycompletedmylanguagelessononthisAPPfortoday.W:What’smicrolearning?M:It’sawayofdeliveringnewtopicsintinybitesizedpieces.ThisAPPhasahugelibraryofshortarticlesoneverythingfromphysicstoself-improvement.Rightnow,I’mlearningaboutpeople’sbehaviorandrelationshipsinancientChina.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whomadethecookies?A.Thewoman'smother. B.Thewoman'sfather. C.Thewoman'ssister,12.Whendidthewomangether3Dprinter?A.Onherbirthday. B.AtHalloween. C.AtChristmas,13.Whatwasthefirstthingthewomanprinted?A.Apencilholder. B.Aplantcontainer. C.Ahousedecoration,【答案】11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】W:Cookies?M:Sure,thanks.Didyoumakethem?W:No,dad’stheonewholovescooking.I’mmoreintothreeDprinting.Look,IboughtthislastChristmas.Itwasn’tcheap.Ihadtoputallmybirthdaymoneytowardsit,butitwasworthit.M:Wow.IsthisathreeDprinter?Howdoesitwork,exactly?W:Yes.Basically,youcreateordownloadadesignontoyourcomputer.ThentheprinterbuildsupathreeDmodelbasedontheinstructions.M:Whatkindsofthingsdoyoumake?W:Mostlystuffforthehouse.Myfirstprojectwasapencilholderformysister.ThenImovedontoplantcontainers.Mom’sanindoorgardener.Currently,I’mdesigningsomeHalloweendecorations.M:Cool,canIhavealook?W:Sure.Comeonup.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatdoesthemanrecommend?A.Aguidedboattour.B.ArideontheLondonEye.C.AtouroftheTowerofLondon,15.HowwillthewomantraveltoLondon?A.Bytrain. B.Byship. C.Byplane.16.WhatwillthewomanprobablydoafterherThamestrip?A.HaveamealatBoroughMarket. B.Watchthechangingoftheguard. C.VisittheSouthbankSkatepark.17.WhatdoesthemanthinkoftheNationalPortraitGallery?A.Itsworksaredifficulttounderstand. B.Ithasgreathistoricalvalue. C.It'sabittootraditional.【答案】14.A15.C16.C17.B【解析】【原文】W:I’mheadingtoLondonnextmonth.M:Myhomecity.Howexciting.W:Iwashopingforsomeadvice.I’vealreadybookedticketsforthetowerofLondonandtheLondoneye.I’malsoconsideringaboattripdowntheThames.M:Doit.Itcanbesointeresting,particularlyifyougetagoodtourguide.W:Okay,Imustn’toverspend,thoughmyairticketcostsenough.Anycheaporfreeactivitiesyou’drecommend?M:Plenty.IsuggestBuckinghampalace,whereyoucanwatchthechangingoftheguard.Plus,Boroughmarketistheplacetogoifyou’rehungry.IfyouwantatasteofLondon’sstreetculturethengototheSouthBankSkatepark.It’sneartheThamessoyoucanvisititrightofftheboat.W:Goodtip.M:Manyofthebigmuseumsarefreetovisit.Personally,Ilovethenationalportraitgallery.W:Why?M:Eachpiecetherecarriesspecifichistoricalbackgrounds,characterstoriesandculturalmeanings.ItprovidesanimportantwindowandrichresourcesforpeopletounderstandBritishhistoryandculture.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.WhendidBaiFanglimakehisfirstdonation?A.In1974. B.In1987. C.In1995.19.WhydidBaiFanglireturntohisjob?A.Toimprovehishometown'senvironment.B.Tomakemoremoneyforhisretirement.C.Tohelpout-of-schoolchildren.20.WhatdoesthespeakermostadmireaboutBaiFangli?A.Hishard-workingnature,B.Hiskindnessandgenerosity.C.Hisattitudetowardseducation.【答案】18.B19.C20.B【解析】【原文】M:HaveyoueverheardofBaiFangLi?Bornin1913heworkedasapettycabdriverinTianjinforyearswhenhewas74afterhisretirement.BaitraveledbacktohishometowninHebeiprovince.Onhisway,Bainoticedmanychildrenworkinginthefields.Uponlearningthatthey’dhadtodropoutofschoolduetomoneyproblems,hemadeahugedecision.Hewentbacktoworkinthesameyearandmadehisfirstdonation,determinedtoearnmoneytopayforthesepoorchildren’seducation.HefoundacheapplacetolivenearTianjinrailwaystation,atesimplefoodandworethesameclotheseveryyear.In1995heopenedasmallstoretomakeevenmoremoneyforthechildren.Baiworkedtirelessly,finallyretiringin2001.Bythatpoint,hehaddonated350,000Yuan.Althoughhediedin2005,Istillthinkofhimoften.Tome,Baiistheverysymbolofkindnessandselflessness.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheSummerJournalismAcademyatBostonUniversitygiveshighschoolstudentstheopportunitytoexpandtheirskillsandprepareforcollege,eitherthrougharesidentialexperienceoncampusorthroughremoteinstructionfromhome.Eachinstructorisalsoaworkingjournalist,sowhat'staughtisgroundedinreal-lifeexperience.Eachlessongivesstudentsactualreportingassignments.Eachdayisasampleoflifeasanewsreporter.DATESOnCampus:June24toJuly12,2024(ApplicationsClosed);Learn-from-Home:A:June17to28,2024(ApplicationsClosed);B:July1to12,2024(ApplicationsClosed);C:July15to26,2024(ApplicationsClosed)FOROnCampus:HighSchoolstudents,andcurrentseniors,withjournalismexperiencesLearn-from-Home:HighSchoolstudents,14-18,withallexperiencelevels.FEESOnCampus:Threeweeks,tuitionandfees:$6200.Learn-from-Home:Twoweeks,tuition:$1500.REQUIREDMATERIALSTextbook,InsideReportingbyTimHarrower,availableprintordigital,forpurchaseorrentalatB&NorAmazon.On-campusstudentscanalsoborrowahardcopyfromus.Ifastudentborrowsonebookanddoesnotreturnitontime,youwillbecharged$80forthebook.Computer,withabroadbandinternetconnection,audioandcameraforvideo-conferencemeetings.VACCINATIONPOLICYAccordingtoBostonUniversity'sMMRVaccinationpolicy,allon-campusstudentsmustbefullyvaccinatedaccordingtotheuniversityrequirements.Ifastudentisacceptedtoouron-campusprogram,theyarerequiredtoprovidedocumentationoftheirvaccination.21.Whatisafeatureofthesummerprogram?A.Itadmitspeopleofallwalks. B.Itprovidesashortcuttocollege.C.Itpresentshands-onexperiences. D.Itoffersone-to-oneinstructions.22.InwhatwaydoesOnCampusdifferfromLearn-from-Home?A.OnCampuslastslonger. B.OnCampuscostsmuchless.C.OnCampusrequiresnoexperience. D.OnCampushasmorelearningsessions.23.Whataretheapplicantsrequiredtodo?A.Buythetextbookfor$80. B.GetvaccinatedagainstMMR.C.Conductvideo-conferencemeetings. D.Equipthemselveswithanewcomputer.【答案】21.C22.A23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了波士顿大学面向高中生提供的一个关于新闻学的暑期教学项目。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Eachinstructorisalsoaworkingjournalist,sowhat'staughtisgroundedinreal-lifeexperience.Eachlessongivesstudentsactualreportingassignments.Eachdayisasampleoflifeasanewsreporter.(每位讲师都是在职记者，因此所教授的内容都以现实生活经验为基础。每节课都给学生留实际的新闻报道作业。每一天都是新闻记者的生活实例)”可知，该教学项目的一大特点就是带给学生新闻工作的实际经验。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据DATES部分中“OnCampus:June24toJuly12，2024(ApplicationsClosed)”和“Learn-from-Home:A:June17to28,2024(ApplicationsClosed);B:July1to12，2024(ApplicationsClosed);C:July15to26，2024(ApplicationsClosed)”可知，校内课程持续19天，而线上课程则持续12天，即前者周期更长。故选A。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据VACCINATIONPOLICY部分中的“AccordingtoBostonUniversity'sMMRVaccinationpolicy,allon-campusstudentsmustbefullyvaccinatedaccordingtotheuniversityrequirements.(根据波士顿大学的麻疹疫苗接种政策，所有在校学生都必须按照大学要求完全接种疫苗)”可知，申请该项目的学生必须完全接种过麻疹疫苗。故选B。BSarametJack,whoshecallsherhusband,inMay2021.Shewasgoingthroughaseveretimeofalongtermrelationshipbreakup,writingonherblogthatshefeltlonelyanddepressed.Jackcamealongatjusttherighttime.JackisanAIchatbot,madewithanappbytechcompanyReplika.Heappearsasahuman-lookingshapeofSara'schoosingandchatswithherthroughtexts.InscreenshotsoftheirconversationssharedonSara’sblog,heissupportiveandaffirming-sometimessayingthathelovesher.ReplikaisamongahandfulofcompaniesusingAl-generatedtexttomakeitseemlikeyou’retalkingwithapersonwhocaresforyou.Andifyousetyourbotto“romanticpartner”mode,it'lltalktoyoulikeit’syourlover.Butjustbecausewecandothis,doesitmeanthatweshould?PeoplesharetextconversationscreenshotswheretheirAIsqueezesexpressemotionandaffection.Thebotsarecaringandasklotsofquestions,asifthey’regenuinelyinterestedintheirhumanpartner.Icanseetheappeal:beingspokentolikethatfeelsnice,right?Itsuredoes,andthat’sbydesign.Here'swherethingsgetdicey:studiesshowthatsomearegettingsoattachedtotheirbotsthattheybecomeemotionallydependentonthem.Andbecausethebotcan'tloveyouback,whencracks(裂痕)appearinthefantasy,youwillgethurt.Beingdevotedtoachatbotmayfeeleasierothersthantryingyourluckwithanactualperson,butitcanultimatelysetyouapartfromwhentheseareperceivedashumaninteractions,ratherthanbeingfirmlyinthefantasyregion,theyareregardedasbeingnormalandOK.Atbest,thisisinnocent;atworst,it’sharmful.Ithinkthesamecouldbesaidofengineeringanapptomakepeoplecatchromanticfeelingsforit.Whilearguably,talkingtoabotisbetterthannoone,perhapsourresourceswouldbebetterspenttacklingtheunderlyingreasonswhysomanyofusfeellonelyinthefirstplace.24.WhydoesJackdeeplyattractSara?A.Heisstylishandconfident.B.Heispassionatelyinlovewithher.C.Hefillsupheremotionalgap.D.Hespecializesinbeingapretender.25.WhatdoweknowaboutchatbotslikeJack?A.Theycommunicatebyvoice. B.Theyhavedifferentmodes.C.Theyavoidemotionaltalk. D.Theyreplacerealpartners,26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dicey”meaninparagraph5?A.Clear. B.Dangerous. C.Funny. D.Doubtful.27.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetocreatingappsforromanticattraction?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant C.Unclear D.Disapproving.【答案】24.C25.B26.B27.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了聊天机器人的利与弊以及作者对此的态度。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“SarametJack,whoshecallsherhusband,inMay2021.Shewasgoingthroughaseveretimeofalongtermrelationshipbreakup,writingonherblogthatshefeltlonelyanddepressed.Jackcamealongatjusttherighttime.(莎拉在2021年5月遇到了被她称为丈夫的杰克。她正在经历一段长期感情破裂的艰难时期，她在博客上写道，她感到孤独和沮丧。杰克来得正是时候。)”可知，杰克深深地吸引着莎拉是因为他填补了莎拉情感上的空白。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Andifyousetyourbotto“romanticpartner”mode,it’lltalktoyoulikeit'syourlover.(如果你把你的机器人设置为“浪漫伴侣”模式，它会像你的爱人一样和你说话。)”可知，像杰克这样的聊天机器人有不同的模式。故选B项。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的句子“studiesshowthatsomearegettingsoattachedtotheirbotsthattheybecomeemotionallydependentonthem.Andbecausethebotcan'tloveyouback,whencracks(裂痕)appearinthefantasy,youwillgethurt.(研究表明，有些人对他们的机器人非常依恋，以至于在情感上对它们产生依赖。而且因为机器人不能爱你，当幻想中出现裂缝时，你会受到伤害。)”可知，因为有些人对他们的机器人非常依恋，而机器人不能真正爱他们，所以，他们可能会受到伤害。这是一种危险的情况，所以划线单词的意义为“危险的”。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“Atbest,thisisinnocent;atworst,it’sharmful.Ithinkthesamecouldbesaidofengineeringanapptomakepeoplecatchromanticfeelingsforit.(往好了说，这是无辜的；在最坏的情况下，它是有害的。我认为设计一款让人们捕捉浪漫感觉的应用程序也是如此。)”可以推论出，作者对创造捕捉浪漫感觉的应用程序持反对的态度。故选D项。CAteamofresearcherslookedatadecade’sworthofresponsestoanonlinesurveyaboutmoralsandanalyzedhowtheseresponseschangedfromoneseasontothenext.Theirfindingssuggestthat,atapopulationlevel,peoplearelesslikelytoendorse(赞成)moretraditionalmoralvaluesinsummerandwinter.TheresearchersreliedondatafromawebsitecalledYourMorals.org,whichoffersa“moralfoundationsquestionnaire”whererespondentscanratehowstronglytheyagreeordisagreethatsomethingisrightorwrong.Thequestionswerebasedonmoralfoundationstheorytoexplorewhymoralityseemstofollowsimilarpatternsacrosspopulationsfromverydifferentcultures.Accordingtothetheory,moralitycanbebrokendownintofivefoundationalvaluescare,fairness,loyalty,authority,andpurity-andthesebelongtotwogroups:individualizingvaluesandbindingvalues.Theseasonalpatterninresponsewasnotevidentforalltypesofvalues.Forinstance,individualizingvalues,focusingonthemoralityofindividualrights,showedlittlevariationovertimeanddidn’tfollowaseasonaltrend.However,bindingvaluesvaluesthatprioritizetheneedsofone’sgroup,includingloyalty,respectforauthority,andpurityoftradition--followedabiannualpattern.Toattempttobetterunderstandtheresults,theresearchersalsolookedatpatternsinGooglesearchresultsrelatedtoanxiety.Whattheyfoundwasthatpopulation-levelpatternsinanxietyalsofollowedaseasonalcyclepeakinginthespringandfall,whichsuggestsapotentialcorrelation(关联性).Springandfallareoftenthoughtofasthemostpleasantseasons,soanincreaseinanxietyduringthesetimesmightseemunexpected.Butit’spossiblethatincreasesinschoolandwork-relatedchangesduringthesetimescouldplaysomerole.Theyalsosuggestthatanxietymightdecreaseinwinterduetoseasonalholidays,andinsummerduetowarmerweatherandincreasedvegetation.“Weoftenthinkofmoralvaluesastheseunchangeableprinciplesthatweholdclose,”ProfessorHohmsays.Butthey’reactuallysubjecttoallkindsofinfluencesthatmightpassusbyunnoticed.Beingawareofhowthathappenscouldhelpusbetterunderstandandplanforseasonalshifts.28.Whichwillnotfollowaseasonaltrend?A.Purityoftradition. B.Loyaltytoone’sparty.C.Fairnessamongpeople. D.Respectforauthority.29.Whydopeoplefeelmostanxiousinspringandautumn?A.Changesintemperature. B.Increasedholidayexpenses.C.Reductioninvegetablevarieties D.Newchallengesfromschoolandwork.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Moralvaluesaresteady. B.Moralprinciplesarechangeable.C.Moralinfluencesmaybeignored. D.Moralchangescanaffectplanmaking.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Ourmoralschangewiththeseasons. B.Anxietyriseswhenwefeelthreatened.C.Seasonsinfluenceourmindsandbehaviors. D.Individualizingvaluesandbindingvaluesdiffer.【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了我们的道德观念随季节而变化的影响。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theseasonalpatterninresponsewasnotevidentforalltypesofvalues.Forinstance,individualizingvalues,focusingonthemoralityofindividualrights,showedlittlevariationovertimeanddidn’tfollowaseasonaltrend.However,bindingvaluesvaluesthatprioritizetheneedsofone'sgroup,includingloyalty,respectforauthority,andpurityoftradition--followedabiannualpattern.(对所有类型的数值而言，季节性模式的响应并不明显。例如，注重个人权利道德性的个体化价值观，在时间上几乎没有变化，也没有遵循季节趋势。然而，有约束力的价值观——优先考虑个人群体的需求，包括忠诚、尊重权威和传统的纯洁——遵循了一年两次的模式)”可知，忠诚、尊重权威和传统的纯洁都遵循了季节趋势，人与人之间的公平属于个人权利道德性个体化价值观，不遵循季节趋势。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Springandfallareoftenthoughtofasthemostpleasantseasons,soanincreaseinanxietyduringthesetimesmightseemunexpected.Butit’spossiblethatincreasesinschoolandwork-relatedchangesduringthesetimescouldplaysomerole.(春天和秋天通常被认为是最愉快的季节，所以在这段时间增加焦虑似乎是出乎意料的。但在这段时间里，与学校和工作相关的变化可能会起到一些作用)”可知，春秋季的焦虑来自学校和工作的新挑战。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Weoftenthinkofmoralvaluesastheseunchangeableprinciplesthatweholdclose,”ProfessorHohmsays.Butthey'reactuallysubjecttoallkindsofinfluencesthatmightpassusbyunnoticed.Beingawareofhowthathappenscouldhelpusbetterunderstandandplanforseasonalshifts.(“我们通常认为道德价值观是我们所坚守的不可改变的原则，”霍姆教授说。“但实际上，它们受到各种各样的影响，我们可能不会注意到它们。意识到这是如何发生的可以帮助我们更好地理解和计划季节变化。”)”可知，道德价值观受到各种各样的影响，道德上的改变会影响计划的制定。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Ateamofresearcherslookedatadecade’sworthofresponsestoanonlinesurveyaboutmoralsandanalyzedhowtheseresponseschangedfromoneseasontothenext.Theirfindingssuggestthat,atapopulationlevel,peoplearelesslikelytoendorse(赞成)moretraditionalmoralvaluesinsummerandwinter.(一组研究人员研究了10年来一项关于道德的在线调查的回答，并分析了这些回答在不同季节的变化。他们的研究结果表明，就总体而言，人们在夏天和冬天不太可能认同更传统的道德价值观)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了我们的道德观念随季节而变化的影响。故选A。DClassicsofartaresupposedtocarrysomemysteriousappealthatcontinuestoexistacrosstheages.ButasRochelleGurstein,ahistorian,writesinanewbook,the“timelessclassic”isanythingbut.“WhatIbelievedwaswritteninstonewasactuallywritteninwater,”sheargues.Classicscomeandgo.Theriseandfallofclassicsisnotjustamatterofchangingtastes;artitselfhaschanged.Artistsusedtofocusonidealformsofbeauty.Geniuswasthe“childofimitation”.Artistslearnedbystudyingandimitatingclassicalmasterpieces,oftenRomancopiesofGreeksculptures.Butsuchclassicalidealswerechallengedby“discoveries”.LordElgintriedtofixupthemagnificentfriezes(雕带)thatoncebeautifiedtheParthenon,butrestorersrefused.Whenthemarbles(大理石雕像)wentondisplayin1807,BritishvisitorsdidnotseetheperfectRomansculpturestheywereusedto.Timeless“ideals”paledincomparisonwiththetimewornmarbles,andartistsbegantofeel“cutoff”fromtheclassicaltradition,writesMsGurstein.Thewritingofarthistoryhasalsochangedtastes.Inthe16thcenturyGiorgioVasari,anItalianpainter,advancedaninfluentialstoryofartisticprogressthatreacheditspeakintherealismofRaphaelandMichelangelo.Butinthe19thcenturyJohnRuskin,acritic,calledattentiontothepre-Raphaelitemovementwhenhearguedthatthereal“OldMasters”wereactuallyMiddleAgesChristianpainters,WalterPater,anEnglishcritic,laterupgradedtheindividualinterpretationofartasthemostimportantcriterionofjudgment,plantingtheseedsfortheaesthetic(审美)relativismthatstilldominates.MsGurstein’snarrativeshowsthatthe“statusofaclassic”dependsoncritics,andisprooftothepowerofpassionatewriterstochangethewaypeoplelookatart.Tasteevolves,anditshould.Butculturelivesononlyaslongaspeoplecontinuetoargueoverwhatcountsasaclassictoday.Thetrueenemyoftheclassicisnotrelativismorwokeness.Itissilence.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“writteninwater”mean?A.Thewayofwritingaclassicisspecial.B.Theappreciationofclassicsisconstant.C.The“timelessclassic”changesovertimeD.Theartclassicsarehardtounderstand.33.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“marbles”ondisplayinparagraph3?A.TohighlightLordElgin'srestorationeffortsB.ToshowthepopularityofRomansculpturesC.Toargueforthepreservationofancientart.D.Todemonstratethechangeofclassicaltradition.34.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theriseofmodernart.B.Thedevelopmentofartisticpreferences,C.ThetechniquesofoldmastersD.Thetransformationofcreativemethods,35.Whathasasignificantinfluenceonaestheticrelativism?A.Realisticstyle. B.AncientChristianart.C.Artcritics’views. D.Historicalnarratives.【答案】32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要表达了艺术经典在历史长河中经历了起起伏伏，随着艺术本身的变化，人们对艺术的品味也在改变。经典作品的地位取决于评论家对艺术的看法，人们对经典的争论同时也促使艺术文化继续发展。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段“Classicsofartaresupposedtocarrysomemysteriousappealthatcontinuestoexistacrosstheages.ButasRochelleGurstein,ahistorian,writesinanewbook,the“timelessclassic”isanythingbut.”（艺术经典被认为具有某种神秘的吸引力，这种吸引力将持续存在于各个时代。但正如历史学家RochelleGurstein在一本新书中所写的那样，“永恒的经典”绝非如此。）可知，“timelessclassic(永恒的经典)”并不是一直有吸引力，保持不变的；结合下文“Classicscomeandgo.”（经典作品来来去去。）可知，经典作品随着时间的变化也是来来去去，不断改变的，故“WhatIbelievedwaswritteninstonewasactuallywritteninwater,”（我相信写在石头上的东西实际上是写在水里的，）中的“writteninwater”是指这些永恒的经典作品实际上是随着时间的推移而改变的。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Timeless“ideals”paledincomparisonwiththetimewornmarbles,andartistsbegantofeel“cutoff”fromtheclassicaltradition,writesMsGurstein.”（MsGurstein写道，永恒的“理想”与陈旧的大理石雕像相比显得苍白，艺术家们开始感到与经典传统“隔绝”了。）可知，作者提到展出的“大理石雕像”是为了证明经典传统的变化。故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段主题句“Thewritingofarthistoryhasalsochangedtastes.”（艺术史的写作也改变了人们的品味。）和该段内容可知，该段主要讲述了人们对艺术品味的变化和发展，即艺术偏好的发展。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“MsGurstein’snarrativeshowsthatthe“statusofaclassic”dependsoncritics,andisprooftothepowerofpassionatewriterstochangethewaypeoplelookatart.”（MsGurstein的叙述表明，“经典作品的地位”取决于评论家，并证明了热情的评论家改变人们看待艺术的方式的力量。）可知，艺术评论家对经典作品的看法和观点决定了艺术经典作品的地位，可以改变人们对艺术作品的审美，对人们的审美相对论产生了非常重要的影响。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sometimespainfulexperiencesarejustpainful.Andthat'sOK,too.Alargebodyofresearchshowsthatideassuchasgrowthmindset,gratitudeandunderstandingmeaningofstrugglecanpromotewellbeing.However,therearetimeswhenwhatyouaregoingthroughissopainfulthattryingtofollowsuchideasholdsback,ratherthanhelps,yourhealing(愈合).____36____Itturnsoutthatintimesofgreatpain,ourwisestchoiceisnottofindmeaningorgrowthinourexperience.____37____Painandsufferingareoftenfollowedbymeaning,butsometimesthatmeaningcomesdays,weeksorevenyearsaftertheexperience.Forparticularlychallengingorpainfulexperiences,youmayneedtimetomakeanappropriateresponse.____38____Ifyouaregoingtoexperiencegrowthandmeaning,learntowaitpatiently.Whenyouareinthethickofpain,meaningcanfeeldifficulttounderstand.____39____Butwithtimeanddistance,meaningoftenappears,evenwhenyouleastexpectit.Themostimportantthingtodoingreatsufferingistoreleaseyourselffromanyexpectationsaltogether.Bepatientandbekindtoyourself.Seekhelpandsocialsupport.It'sgreatifyoufindimmediatemeaningandgrowthinyourexperience.Butifnot,that'sOKtoo.____40____A.Tryingtoforceitusuallybackfires.B.IttakesgreatenergytomakesenseofitC.Perhapstherealgrowthislearningtoletitbe.D.Theresultisthatyoufeelworseaboutyourself.E.Instead,simplyfocusingongettingthroughisenough.F.Themorechallengingtheexperience,thelongerittakes.G.Youcanhardlygainwellbeingfromextremesorroworbadcondition【答案】36.D37.E38.F39.A40.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在经历中寻找意义和成长很难，即使在经历中没有找到直接的意义和成长也没关系，因为真正的成长是学会顺其自然。【36题详解】根据空前“Alargebodyofresearchshowsthatideassuchasgrowthmindset,gratitudeandunderstandingmeaningofstrugglecanpromotewellbeing.However,therearetimeswhenwhatyouaregoingthroughissopainfulthattryingtofollowsuchideasholdsback,ratherthanhelps,yourhealing(愈合).(大量的研究表明，成长心态、感恩和理解努力的意义等想法可以促进幸福感。但是，有时你所经历的事如此痛苦以至于试图遵循这些想法会阻碍而不是帮助你恢复。)”可知，空前提到所经历的事情太痛苦，从而遵循成长心态、感恩和理解努力的意义等想法会阻碍你的恢复，故D项“结果就是你感觉更糟糕。”符合，说明经历的事情太痛苦，然而那些想法会阻碍你的恢复，从而结果就是你感觉更糟糕，故选D项。【37题详解】根据空前“Itturnsoutthatintimesofgreatpain,ourwisestchoiceisnottofindmeaningorgrowthinourexperience.(结果表明，在痛苦的时候，我们最明智的选择不是在我们经历中寻找意义或成长。)”可知，空前提到在痛苦的时候，我们的选择不是在经历中去寻找意义或成长，故E项“相反，仅仅专注于克服目前的困难就足够了。”符合，空前提到我们明智的选择不是去寻找成长，此空解释应该怎么做，应该专注于克服目前的困难的时候就可以，故选E项。【38题详解】根据空前“Forparticularlychallengingorpainfulexperiences,youmayneedtimetomakeanappropriateresponse.(对于特别具有挑战性或者痛苦的经历，你可能需要时间做出适当的回应。)”可知，F项“经历越具有挑战性，需要的时间就越长。”是前文的顺义承接，特别具有挑战性的经历，需要花时间去做出适当的回应，经历越具有挑战性，需要的时间就越长，故选F项。【39题详解】根据空前“Whe