2025届高考英语一轮复习第二部分语法专项突破第二板块专题二非谓语动词学案新人教版

PAGE专题二非谓语动词————————————◄知识梳理►———————————一、非谓语动词的各种形式非谓语动词时态和语态表达意义不定式一般式todo/tobedone动作在谓语动词后发生进行式tobedoing动作与谓语动词同时发生完成式tohavedone/tohavebeendone动作在谓语动词之前发生v.­ing形式一般式doing/beingdone动作与谓语动词同时发生完成式havingdone/havingbeendone动作在谓语动词之前发生v.­ed形式——表示完成和被动二、非谓语动词的功能作主语和表语不定式作主语或表语往往是一次性的、详细的动作；常用it作形式主语Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.v.­ing形式作主语或表语，表示一般或抽象的多次行为；常用句式：Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.Itisnousefishinginthisriver;therearenoneleft.v.­ed形式不作主语，作表语时常表示主语的状态Thewindowisbroken.作定语不定式作定语表示将来的动作；也表示第几个做某事的人或物Wemustfindapersontodothework.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.v.­ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系或表示所修饰名词的用途Pleasegotothemeetingroom.Herushedintotheburninghouse.v.­ed形式作定语时表示与所修饰名词之间为被动关系Themostcommonerrormadeinhangingpicturesistohangthemtoohigh.Localpeopleinvitedtoattendameetingareverypleasedtosharetheirexperiencesofhospitalservices.作宾语不定式作宾语Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，常用形式宾语itWethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.v.­ing形式作宾语We'reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.Theyonlyallowsmokinginrestrictedareas.作宾语补足语不定式作宾补Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Webelievehimtobeguilty.v.­ing形式作宾补时与宾语之间为主动关系IheardTomsinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.Onthetopofthehill,hecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneys.v.­ed形式作宾补时与宾语之间为被动关系Whentheygotthere,theyfoundthehouseburntdown.ThewaitressaskedtheAmericanhowhelikedhissteakcooked.特定动词后非谓语动词形式以下词只接不定式作宾语：afford,agree,determine,decide,refuse,expect,hope,manage,want,fail,wish,ask,pretend,promise,happen,wouldlike,setout等Soonthevillagerscouldn'taffordtobuyfoodforthemselves.Imanagedtogetalltheironingdonethismorning.Ipromisetocomeforalongvisit.以下词只接v.­ing形式作宾语：advise,admit,enjoy,avoid,appreciate,delay,miss,finish,practise,imagine,suggest,escape,resist,risk,feellike,insiston,setabout等Ialwaysimagineflyinglikeabird.Iavoidworkinginplaceswhicharetoopublic.“疑问词＋不定式”常在decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等词后作宾语Pleaseshowushowtodothat.Ican'tdecidewhichtobuy.Wedon'tknowhowtoputitintopractice.不定式跟在一些特定的动词后作宾补：advise，believe,cause,challenge,forbid,force,find,hire,instruct,invite,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,select,send,suppose,tell,train,allow,order,urge,force,encourage等Mumforbadthemtoplayballinthepublicgarden.He'dmanagedtopersuadeDadtobuyacarforhim.Howcouldyouallowhimtodosomethinglikethat？以下词作“须要”讲时，后接v.­ing主动形式表达被动含义：need,want,require(若用不定式则用tobedone形式)Mycarneedswashing/tobewashed.Thehousewantspainting/tobepainted.Yourhairneedscutting/tobecut.以下词可接不定式，也可接v．­ing形式，意义基本相同：prefer,like,love,start,begin,hate,intend等Iprefergoingtothecinematonight.Iprefertogotothecinematonight.Iintendtorewritethestoryforyoungerchildren.Iintendrewritingthestoryforyoungerchildren.以下词可接不定式，也可接v.­ing形式，意义差别很大：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.努力做/企图做某事,trydoingsth.尝试做/试着做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.准备做某事,meandoingsth.意味着做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(forget/remember/regrettodosth.表示动作,还没发生,forget/remember/regretdoingsth.表示动作,已发生))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.接下来做某事（做另一件事）,goondoingsth.接着做某事（做同一件事）))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停下来做另一件事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事,can'thelp（to）dosth.不能帮助做某事))I'lltrytocatchupwithmyclass.我将尽力赶上同学们。Itriedreadingthetextwithoutconsultingmydictionary.我试着不查词典来阅读课文。Ididn'tmeantobotheryou.我本不想打搅你。Whathesaidmeansgoingtherebyair.他的话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。I'mverybusynow,soIcan'thelp(to)cleantheroom.我现在很忙，因此不能帮助打扫房间。Thegirlcouldn'thelpcryingwhenshesawhermotheragain.当这个女孩再次看到母亲时，她不由自主地哭了起来。v.­ing形式还可以充当介词的宾语Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingyourclassroom.Heenteredthechemistrylabwithoutbeingpermitted.三、非谓语动词作状语不定式作状语表示目的，常置于句首，用逗号与主句隔开；在句末时则不用隔开Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.表示结果，常用句型：only/justto(表示意想不到的结果);too...to...(太……而不能……);so/such...asto...(如此……以致于……);enoughforsb.to(足够……)Idrovetotheparkinglotonlytofinditwasfullyparkedwithallkindsofvehicles.Hewassoexcitedastobeunabletospeak.Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.Thecasewastooheavytobecarriedbyachild.表示缘由，常用句型：主语＋系动词＋形容词＋todoIwassurprisedtofindhimhere.v.­ing作状语表示缘由，一般式表示动作与句子谓语动作同时发生；完成式表示动作早于主句动作发生Standingonthetopofthemountain,Ifeltrelaxed.Havingbeentoldthemeetingwascancelled,Iwenthomeafterwork.表示时间，其动作在句子谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生均可Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithMary.Havingfinishedhishomework,Tomwenttoplaybasketball.表示方式或伴随状况，常跟在句子后Atthebelloftheclass,hecamerunningintotheclassroom.表示结果，跟在句后Theplanecrashed,killingallthepeopleonboard.表示条件，置于句首或句末Workinghard,you'llsucceedoneday.表示让步，置于句首或句末Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes.过去分词作状语表示时间Whenaskedherfurtherplans,shesaidthatshewantedtobeanurse.表示缘由Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.表示条件Iftakenaccordingtothedirections,themedicinehasnosideeffect.表示结果Thegirlmetwithanaccident,woundedinthehead.表示让步Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinfindingajob.表示方式或伴随Theoldmangotoffthebed,supportedbyhisson.四、非谓语动词的其他事项独立主格结构(非谓语动词本身有动词的特性，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一样时，用独立主格结构表示)名词/代词＋v.­ing形式，表示主动关系，或动作正在进行Theyseatingthemselves,theteacherbegantotellthestories.名词/代词＋v.­ed形式，表示被动关系，或动作已结束Herglassesbroken,shecouldn'treadthebook.名词/代词＋不定式，表示主动关系，动作未发生或即将发生Lotsofhomeworktodo,hehastogohome.其他形式的独立主格结构名词/代词＋(being)＋形容词/副词Summerholidays(being)over,studentsreturntoschool.名词/代词＋介词短语Swordinhand,Ifollowedhimhereandclimbedin.There/Itbeing＋名词/代词/形容词Therebeingnoonetoturnto,hehadtorepairthecarhimself.Itbeingfine,wecangotothebeach.with/without复合结构Hesattherethinking,withhischinonhishand.非谓语动词的一些常用结构have/getsth.doneYou'dbetterhave/getyourcarchecked.makesb./sth.doneThat'saspecialwaytomakemyselfunderstood.make/have/letsb.dosth.Theteachermade/had/letusfinishthehomework.getsb.todosth.Youshouldgetyourparentstohelpyou.find/catchsb.doingsth.Hewasfound/caughtstealingintheshop.findsth.doneHefoundhisroombrokeninto.感官动词(feel,hear,see等)＋sb./sth.＋doingsth.Isawhimwo