高三语法-名词性从句

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载高三语法二轮复习---名词性从句名词性从句:相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.(2008山东)____wasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily.A.itB.thisC.WhatD.as2.(2009北京，31）Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee_____itgotanybetter.A.WhenB.howC.whyD.if3.(2006全国I,23）Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.A.WhenB.whichC.whereD.what4.(2009浙江，12）Isthereanypossibility_____youcouldpickmeupattheairport?---Noproblem.A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what名词性从句的引导词：连接词：that(无意义，有时可省略)、if、whether、because、asif/asthough---在从句中不充当任何成分2.连接代词：who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever---有词义；在句子中充当成分，如主语，宾语，表语或定语等3.连接副词：when、where、why、how---有词义；在句子中充当成分，做状语。◆考点一:区别if与whether1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson_______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._____youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.Key:1.whether/if2.whether3.whether4.whether5.whether6.If请你归纳:只能使用whether的情况：a.主语从句并在句首b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.直接加动词不定式只能用whether（todo）gwhetherornot直接连用时不用ifhwhether可以引导一个让步状语从句，表示“不管”，“无论”。而if不能，但可以引到一个条件状语从句，表示“如果”。Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhavetimetomorrow,I’llgotovisitTom.高考题选萃:1.____the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That2._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where◆考点二:that与what的区别Whathesaidmakesmehappy.Thatanewteacherwillcomeistrue.that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。what既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）1._______hesaidsomadeusangry._______hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.2.Acomputercanonlydo_________youhaveinstructedittodo.（01全国）3.中国不再是过去的样子了。Chinaisnolonger______itusedtobe.4.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin______wasawastelandtenyearsago.（04天津）A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where5.改写句子WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.=All____Iwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.=Hehasdone________hecantohelpme.Key:1.that/what2.what3.what4.A5.that/allthat★what=allthatwhat与which的区别what(什么)无范围/which(表选择,哪一个)有范围1.---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?---HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof_______.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter______itwas?Key:1.what/which2.which◆考点三:what,whatever,who,whoeverwhoever,whatever等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而Who,what等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。注意:nomatterwho/what与whoever/whatevernomatter…只能引导状语从句，…ever既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句.Whoeverbreakstheschoolrulesmustbepunished.试比较：Whoeverbreakstheschoolsrules,hemustbepunished.=Nomatterwhobreakstheschoolrules,hemustbepunished.(让步状语从句)1.__________wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2._______weneedismoretime.3._______hastakenawaymybagisunknown.4.__________breaksthelawwillbepunished.Key:1.Whatever2.What3.who4.Anywho挑战高考:1)（2008浙江)____wanttostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A).anyoneB).theoneC).whoeverD).who2)____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)A).whatB).thatC).thefactD).thematter3)（2006浙江）____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.A).AsB).ThatC).thisD).It◆考点四:名词性从句语序（从句一定要用陈述语序）Thephotographswillshowyou_______．（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike◆考点五:it作形式主语,形式宾语it作形式主语(主从),形式宾语（宾从）1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。___________________________isapity.=Itisapitythat…(Thathemadesuchamistake)2.他来不来不重要。________________________doesn’tmatter.=Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…(Whetherhewillcomeornot)用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat… 事实是…Itisanhonorthat …非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat… 碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat… 据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat… 已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…Itisreported/thought/said/predictedthat…Itisclear/necessary/certainthat…Itisapity/ashame/anhonorthat…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…Itseems/appearsthat…Ithappensthat…it作形式宾语(1)make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that…/todo…(2)it指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it+if或when从句Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.◆考点六:插入语Sinceyouhaveseenbothfighters,____willwin?A.doyouthinkwhoB.whoyouthinkC.whoeverD.whodoyouthink2.I’dliketoknow___________toher.A.whatdoyouthinkhashappenedB.doyouthinkwhathashappenedC.whatyouthinkhashappenedD.youthinkwhathashappened3.Couldyoutellme________?A.wheredoyouthinktheaccidenthappenedB.whereyouthinktheaccidenthappenedC.doyouthinkwheretheaccidenthappenedD.whereyouthinkdidtheaccidenthappen一、主语从句:考点1.主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.误:Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.正:Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.考点2.连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略.误:Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.正:Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.二、宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词:宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.2.考点1)宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2)引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.3)whether和if都可以引导宾语从句但:(1)当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if例:Idon’tknow_______Iwillstayornot.(2)介词后面的宾语从句不能用if例:Iworryabout__________Ihurtherfeeling.4)that在宾语从句中的省略与保留(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.例:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,that不省略.例:Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.挑战高考:1)（2005山东，26)Theshopkeeperdidn’twanttosellfor____hethoughtwasnotenough.A).whereB).HowC).whatD).which2)(2006全国I，16)---whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?---Theyalwaysletmedo____IthinkIshould.A).whenB).thatC).howD).what三、表语从句表语从句位于连系动词后,其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.考点：1)表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2)表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3)表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if引导.4）be,look,remain,等系动词后均可跟表语从句，asif也可引导表语从句Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.5)不要使用Thereason…isbecausethat…句型,应使用Thereason…isthat…或This/it/that/isbecause…等句型.例如:今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.误:Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.正:Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.或:Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.真题荟萃：1.(2009江西，33）Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists____theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A).whatB).whichC).thoughD).that2.(2009辽宁，29）Doyouhaveanyidea____isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A).thatB).whatC).asD).which四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief等。1.同位语从句的引导词:that,whether,how,when,where,why等引导。that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea,fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion;proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word等.2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:如果that作从句中的某一成分,则是定语从句,如果that不作从句中的任何成分,则是同位语从句.例:(1)Ihadnoideathatitwassolate.(主系表结构,that不作从句中的成分,同位语从句)(2)Istillremembertheplacethatwevisitedlastyear.(主谓宾结构,that作从句中的宾语,定语从句)判断：定语从句(AT),同位语从句(AP)1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportiscoming.3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.5.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.Key:1.AP2.AT3.AP4.AT5.AP同位语从句的简易判断方法：我们可以在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。eg:Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries.补充练习：1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.It______Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthought D.isthoughtthat4.It______heislateforclass.A.maythatB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat5.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what6.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when7.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where10.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe______regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept12.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho13.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether14.Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where15.Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if16.Youmustdowell______theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where17.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact18."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity?""Idon'tknow___."A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom19.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever20.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot21.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for22.Henrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy________.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso23.HaveyouseenHenrylately?Mybosswantstoknow________.A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong24.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever25.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis26.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat27.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee28.Iwonderhowmuch________.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostD.thewatchcosts29.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor30.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate31.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone32.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that33.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether34."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang?""Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit35.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich36.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved________.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns37._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which38.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this39.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat40.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________?A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace补充：虚拟语气用于名词性从句1、主语从句2、宾语从句3、表语从句4、同位语从句一、虚拟语气用于主语从句中在下列句型中从句的动词形式用“should+动词原形”should可省略。A、Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange)that...B、Itissuggested(requested,desired,proposed)that....C、Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)that...例句1、Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputofftillnextweek.2、Itisnecessarythatyoushouldsayapologytohim.3、Itisapitythatyoushouldbecareless.注意Itisapitythat...句式也可用陈述语气。Itisapitythatyoudidn'tcome.二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中1.wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气表示一种不和能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为A、与过去事实相反从句用过去完成式haddone/hadbeenIwishshehadcomeyesterday.B、与现在事实相反从句用过去式did/wereIwishIweretenyearsyounger.C、与将来事实相反从句用could/would/might+doHowIwishIcouldflytothemoo