新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题43 概要写作高分技巧与演练（解析版）

专题43概要写作高分技巧与演练（解析版）目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u专题43概要写作高分技巧与演练（解析版） 1Part1命题解读 1Part2思维导图 2Part3概要写作评分标准及解读 2（1）总结 3（2）评分原则 3（3）高考真题与样卷特点 4Part4四步突破法 4第1步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 4第2步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 4第3步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 5第4步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 5Part5高考真题 71．2019年6月浙江卷 72．2018年11月浙江卷 83．考试说明样卷 9Part7模拟演练 101.1 102.2 123.3 154.4 175.5 18Part1命题解读 概要写作是新高考启用的新题型，给出一篇300字左右的文章(体裁多为说明文、记叙文，练习时偶见其它文体)，要求缩写成一篇不超过60字的小短文，缩写的内容覆盖原文的要点。概要写作是对原文的高度浓缩，是阅读者在不改变原文的中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下用简洁、精炼的语言表述一篇文章的主要内容、基本观点或事实。它主要包括阅读和写作两个过程。Part2思维导图Part3概要写作评分标准及解读档次描述第五档（21-25）—理解准确，涵盖全部要点；—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；—完全使用自己的语言。第四档（16-20）—理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点；—所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达；—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；—有个别整句抄自原文。第三档（11-15）—理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点；—所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达；—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上下文内容连贯；—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第二档（6-10）—理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点；—有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达；—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性；—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第一档（1-5）—没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符；—有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达；—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯；—多个句子抄自原文。0白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。（1）总结1.简洁性：即用尽量少的语言对较长原文的简洁重述；2.自主性：即用自己的话语进行概写，避免对原文进行抄袭照搬；3.理解性：即表现作者对原文本的精准理解。需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“Ibelieve”,

“Ithink”等字句；4.忠实性：即概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨，不可偏离主题、肆意篡改；5.连贯性：概要写作并非简单罗列要点，各个要点之间要有恰当衔接，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。（2）评分原则1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2.评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3.词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。4.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。（3）高考真题与样卷特点卷别长度体裁

主题类型2019.6369说明文父母如何恰当表扬孩子概要2018.11358说明文在申请大学前，最好亲自提前了解大学相关信息概要考试说明样卷398议论文在历史发展过程中，人们对于灰尘的看法在不断地发生变化概要Part4四步突破法 第1步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明确原文的篇章结构。根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。[提醒]一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。 第2步：去次留精，提炼关键信息·明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。·先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。·原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。例如：eq\a\vs4\al(Don'tforgettheclock)—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeq\a\vs4\al(eatslowly)tendtoeq\a\vs4\al(consume)about70eq\a\vs4\al(fewercalories)(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.eq\a\vs4\al(Beginkeepingtrackofthetime)，andtrytoeq\a\vs4\al(makedinnerlastatleast30minutes).Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.(画线部分为主题句)本段落主要内容为吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。用自己的语言将画线部分重组后，关键信息如下：Recordthetimeandsetdinnertimeforhalfanhouraseatingslowlyhelpstakeinlesscalories. 第3步：归纳要点，合理转换表达明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复，可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。转换表达注意遵循2个原则①不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改变原材料所表达的意思。②不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。例如：Yourhousemayhaveaneq\a\vs4\al(effect)onyoureq\a\vs4\al(figure).Expertssaythewayyoueq\a\vs4\al(design)youreq\a\vs4\al(home)couldeq\a\vs4\al(playarolein)whetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomeeq\a\vs4\al(ways)toturnyoureq\a\vs4\al(home)intopartofyoureq\a\vs4\al(diet)plan.(画线句为主题句)主题句关键词如画线所示：The_wayyoudesignyourhomemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.转换表达时可利用同义替换将ways改为tips;Thewayyoudesignyourhome改为Howtohaveyourhomedesigned。主题句转换为Howtohaveyourhomedesignedaffectsyourfigure.Belowaretipstodesignyourhometohelpdiet. 第4步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。【策略演示】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 (2018年11月，浙江卷)It'sareallyeq\a\vs4\al(goodidea)toeq\a\vs4\al(visitcolleges)beforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisiting_and_seeing_for_yourself_the_dorms,_classrooms_and_athletic_equipment_and,_of_course,_the_students.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyifeq\a\vs4\al(theschoolsyouareapplyingto)eq\a\vs4\al(happentobemorethanacarrideaway).Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'seq\a\vs4\al(noexcuse)nottoeq\a\vs4\al(visit)theeq\a\vs4\al(schools)inyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,eq\a\vs4\al(gotocheckitout)！Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldeq\a\vs4\al(findsometime)betweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstoeq\a\vs4\al(visit)theeq\a\vs4\al(schools)you'dliketoattend.It_can_save_you_a_lot_of_heartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,theneq\a\vs4\al(checkout)theeq\a\vs4\al(onlinecollegefairs)atCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路点拨】第1步读懂原文，明确篇章结构原文是说明文，为确保精彩的大学生活，在申请大学前应抽时间提前了解大学。第1段：提出观点——在你上大学之前，要亲眼看看想申请的大学。第2段：一定要去看看当地的大学。第3段：如在申请之前没去过，在申请之后或得到录取通知书之前，一定要去大学看看。第4段：如果无法亲自参观，登录网站了解相关信息。分析各段主旨可判断，文章第1～2段是一个意义段，3～4段分别是2个意义段，故原文3个意义段可归纳为3个要点。第2步去次留精，提炼关键信息本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现，其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键信息，其他则为次要信息。第3步归纳要点，合理转换表达采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：①第一段主题句和第二段主题句可概括为要点1：该要点中的“goodidea”可用wisechoice转述；“inyourlocalarea”可转换为whereyoulive。②第三段主题句可概括为要点2:该要点中的“visitingandseeingforyourself”可转换为payapersonalvisit。③第四段主题句可概括为要点3：该要点中的“timeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible”可转换为alltheaboveisnotaffordable。第4步句式多样，注意过渡衔接句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词和状语从句，丰富概要部分的句式。【参考范文】Asasenioryearstudent,it'sawisechoicetovisitwould­becollegesnearwhereyoulivebeforeattendingthemforseeingisbelieving.(要点1)Youshouldfindachancetopayapersonalvisitevenatyourwaitingincaseyoufeeldisappointedafterwards.(要点2)Ifalltheaboveisnotaffordable,youareadvisedtosearchtheonlinecollegefairatCollegeWeekLivewhereyoucangetthenecessaryinformation.(要点3)Part5高考真题2019年6月浙江卷阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorof

TheAtoZGuide

toRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward."Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorof

ParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters."Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate（相称的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.参考答案：Nowadays,parentstendtoofferconsideratepraisetotheirchildren,hopingtoboosttheirconfidence,butitmayproducetheoppositeeffect.However,nopraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtotheirself-confidence.Therefore,expertsclaimthatsincerepraiseshouldbegivenfortheprocessnotfortheresult.Meanwhile,kidsdodeservepraiseiftheystrivetodotheirduty.Anyway,theamountofpraiseyouhavedependsonhowhardtheywork.【解析】明确文章的主旨思想，通过给出的具体事例进行提炼，本篇文章主要表达亲子关系中，赞美的重要性，通过事例对比，得出我们需要重视赞美，表达对孩子的认可。2018年11月浙江卷阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus（校园）likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheadacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors（顾问）,anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairatcollegeweeklive.com.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.参考答案It'sreallyworthwhiletopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.Undoubtedly,studentsshouldvisittheirlocalcolleges,whichmaybeincludedinapplications.Atleast,theyshouldvisittheschoolandfigureoutitsrealconditionsinadvance.Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime,registeringonlineisagoodalternativetohelpthembetterunderstandschools.考试说明样卷Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughtolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.参考答：Attitudestowardsdirthavebeen

changingovertime.

Inthe16thcentury,peoplebelievedthatdirtontheskinhelpedprotectagainstdisease.

Sincethe18thcentury,

however,peoplehavedevelopedthebeliefthatcleaningawaydirtcanpreventdisease.

Today,

althoughattitudestodirtstilldiffersharply,moreandmorepeoplechoosetobelievethatplayinginthedirtcanhelpbuildupastrongimmune.(60words)Part7模拟演练1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Itisimportantthatyouteachyourbabytoreadatanearlyage.Why?Obviously,beingabletoreadisthebasisforanysuccessfuleducation,sotheearliertheystart,thebetter.Alltoooften,parentsleaveeducatingtheirchildrenuptoschools,whichprobablyexplainswhytheUnitedStatesiscurrentlyranked18thinitsrateofreadingandwriting.Teachingyourbabytoreadprovidesbrainexerciseandithasalsobeenshowntoincreasethebaby’sIQbecausethereissimplynobettertimeinaperson’slifeforlearningthanwhentheyarebabies.Duringthistime,theirbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.Thesoonertheybegintoread,thesoonertheycanbegintolearnothersubjects.Thisway,bythetimeyourchildrenbeginschool,theywillalreadyknowwhat’sbeingtaught,andwillbeputonthefasttrack.Maybetheywillevenskipagradedowntheroad.Oneofthecaseswas17-month-oldElizabethBarrettwhodrewpublic’sattention.Shewasgivenaseriesofwordsandevensentencesthatshecouldreadquitewell.Herparentshadbeenreadingtohersinceshewasbornandhadprovidedherwithaveryearlyeducation.Readingisthemostimportantthingtoteachbabiesatayoungage.Itdoesn’thavetobestressfulordifficultforyourchild.Learningcanbefunatsuchanearlyage,anditcanbeaccomplishedsoeasilythattheywon’thavetostruggleinordertolearn.Ifyou’reinterestedinteachingyourbabytoread，thebestwaytostartisbyspendingjustafewminuteseveryday.Flashcardsareahelpfultool.Simplyshowyourbabymatchingpictureontheoppositeside.Therearealsovideosthathelptoteachbabiestoread.Thereisnobettertimetoteachyourbabytoreadthanthepresent.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Teachingyourbabytoreadasyoungaspossibleiscrucialowingtothenecessityofobtaininggoodeducation.(要点一)Itneedsstartingassoonaspossiblebecausebabies’intelligencewillbeimprovedwhentheirbrainsdevelopfast.(要点二)Importantasitis,relaxationandeasinesscouldbebroughtintothelearningprocess.(要点三)Therefore,forpeoplekeenonteachingbabiestoread,itishightimetobeginwithsparingsometimeregularlywitheffectiveteachingmaterials.(要点四)【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，为了获得良好的教育，让你的孩子从小就学会阅读是非常重要的。这需要尽快开始，因为婴儿的智力会随着大脑的快速发展而提高。重要的是，放松和轻松可以被带入学习过程。因此，对于那些热衷于教宝宝阅读的人来说，现在应该从定期抽出一些时间来阅读有效的教材开始。1.要点摘录①Itisimportantthatyouteachyourbabytoreadatanearlyage.Why?Obviously,beingabletoreadisthebasisforanysuccessfuleducation,sotheearliertheystart,thebetter.②Teachingyourbabytoreadprovidesbrainexerciseandithasalsobeenshowntoincreasethebaby’sIQbecausethereissimplynobettertimeinaperson’slifeforlearningthanwhentheyarebabies.③Learningcanbefunatsuchanearlyage,anditcanbeaccomplishedsoeasilythattheywon’thavetostruggleinordertolearn.④Ifyou’reinterestedinteachingyourbabytoread，thebestwaytostartisbyspendingjustafewminuteseveryday.⑤Thereisnobettertimetoteachyourbabytoreadthanthepresent.2.缜密构思要点二和要点三之间形成因果关系，整合四、五要点3.遣词造句①Teachingyourbabytoreadasyoungaspossibleiscrucialowingtothenecessityofobtaininggoodeducation.②Itneedsstartingassoonaspossiblebecausebabies’intelligencewillbeimprovedwhentheirbrainsdevelopfast.③Importantasitis,relaxationandeasinesscouldbebroughtintothelearningprocess.④Therefore,forpeoplekeenonteachingbabiestoread,itishightimetobeginwithsparingsometimeregularlywitheffectiveteachingmaterials.【范文点评】[高分句型1]Teachingyourbabytoreadasyoungaspossibleiscrucialowingtothenecessityofobtaininggoodeducation.（teaching为动名词作主语，用一个简单句总结了原文第一段的内容）[高分句型2]Importantasitis,relaxationandeasinesscouldbebroughtintothelearningprocess.（用as引导让步状语从句，总结文章第三段的内容）2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Themantarayisoneofthelargestfishesintheworld,reachingupto29feetinwidth.Andmantaraysaresomeofthefriendliestcreatures.Theyallowdiverstoswimrightuptothem.Unfortunately,thesegentleanimalsareinbigtrouble.Since2011,mantarayshavebeenlistedasathreatenedspeciesworldwide.Overfishingisconsideredthebiggestthreattogiantmantanumbers,bothintentionalandaccidental.Peoplecatchmantaraysfortheirgillplates—thepartsthroughwhichtheyfiltertheirfoodfromseawater—aresoldinChinaformedicalpurposes.Drivenbythehugedemand,fishermenhavehuntedthemmercilessly.From2010to2013,thenumberofrayskilledannuallytosupplythegillplatemarkettripledto150,000.Clearly,overfishingisbadforanyseacreature,butit’sevenworseforgiantmantarays.Femalemantasusuallyhaveonlyonebaby,everytwotofiveyears.Soeverymantaraythatwascaughthurtsthepopulationinabigway.Toprotectgiantmantapopulation,Peru,acountryinSouthAmerica,recentlytookabigsteptoprotectgiantmantarays.Itbannedfishingforthem.Peoplewhobreakthelawcanbefinedorhavetheirfishinglicensestakenaway.Evenmantarayscaughtaccidentallyinfishingnetsmustbereleased.Althoughothercountrieshavepassedlawstoprotectmantarays,Peru’smaybethemostimportantoneyet,becausetherearemoregiantmantaraysinthePacificOceannearPeruthaninanyotherplaceintheworld.ScientistsworkingintheMantaTrust,anorganizationthatresearchesmantarays,arealsotryingtoprotectmantaraysbylearningmoreaboutthem.Earlierthisyear,theorganizationattachedvideocameras,calledCrittercams,tomantaraysoffthewestcoastofMexico.Thephotosthecamerascollectcouldhelpresearcherspredictwhereandwhenmantaraysswim.Thescientistcouldusetheinformationtowarnfishingboatstoavoidtheseareas,helpingreducethenumberofaccidentallycaughtmantarays.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Thoughbeinglargeandfriendly,thegiantmantarayareindanger.(要点1)Duetoitsmedicalvalueandhugeprofit,mantaraysareover-hunted,whichcanbemoredetrimentalforthespeciesgivenitslowproductivity.(要点2)Tosavetheendangeredspecies,thePerugovernmenthastakentheinitiative,carryingoutstrictlaws.(要点3)Besides,scientistsaremakingattemptstoprotectmantaraysthroughgainingmoreknowledgeofthem.(要点4)【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，尽管巨大的蝠鲼又大又友好，但它们正处于危险之中。由于它的医疗价值和巨大的利润，蝠鲼被过度猎杀，考虑到它的低生产力，这可能对这个物种更有害。为了拯救濒危物种，秘鲁政府采取了主动，实施了严格的法律。此外，科学家们正试图通过更多地了解蝠鲼来保护它们。1要点摘录①Themantarayisoneofthelargestfishesintheworld,reachingupto29feetinwidth.Andmantaraysaresomeofthefriendliestcreatures.Unfortunately,thesegentleanimalsareinbigtrouble.②Overfishingisconsideredthebiggestthreattogiantmantanumbers,bothintentionalandaccidental.Peoplecatchmantaraysfortheirgillplates—thepartsthroughwhichtheyfiltertheirfoodfromseawater—aresoldinChinaformedicalpurposes.③Toprotectgiantmantapopulation,Peru,acountryinSouthAmerica,recentlytookabigsteptoprotectgiantmantarays.Itbannedfishingforthem.Peoplewhobreakthelawcanbefinedorhavetheirfishinglicensestakenaway.④ScientistsworkingintheMantaTrust,anorganizationthatresearchesmantarays,arealsotryingtoprotectmantaraysbylearningmoreaboutthem.2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。3.遣词造句Thoughbeinglargeandfriendly,thegiantmantarayareindanger.Duetoitsmedicalvalueandhugeprofit,mantaraysareover-hunted,whichcanbemoredetrimentalforthespeciesgivenitslowproductivity.Tosavetheendangeredspecies,thePerugovernmenthastakentheinitiative,carryingoutstrictlaws.Besides,scientistsaremakingattemptstoprotectmantaraysthroughgainingmoreknowledgeofthem.【范文点评】[高分句型1]Duetoitsmedicalvalueandhugeprofit,mantaraysareover-hunted,whichcanbemoredetrimentalforthespeciesgivenitslowproductivity.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括，其中which引导非限制性定语从句。[高分句型2]Tosavetheendangeredspecies,thePerugovernmenthastakentheinitiative,carryingoutstrictlaws.用不定式作目的状语对第三段进行了概括。3阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentsalwayswantthebestfortheirchildrenandgivingthem;thebesteducationisalwaysontopofthelist.Butifyouthinkeducationisalltheyneed,maybeyoushouldthinktwice.Sure,youlearnalotofthingsinschool,butthereareimportantlessonsandskillsyouwillneedinlifethatonecanonlylearnathome.Therefore,teachingthechildrentodohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth.Mostfamiliesnowadayshirehousemaidstodothechores,sochildrendon’tgettoexperiencedoingitanymore.Butstudiesarguethatit’sstillnecessarytoletchildrendothem.Helpingathomecanbeatrainingplaceforyourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.Bydoingso,theycanlearnwhatmightbeoftheiradvantagewhentheygrowup.“Performingchoresofferskidsafeelingofself-sufficiency,helpsthemdevelopaworkethic,istiedtoacademicsuccessinschool,makesthemfeelusefulandteachesthemtheimportanceofhelpingothersandcontributingtothegreatergood.”Although,mostparentscanalsoarguethatitisnoteasytoforcetheirchildrentodochores.Itisanatureforthechildrentorefusetodochoreswhentheyaretoldto.Buttherearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoamorelikelyactivityforthechildren.First,startthemyoung.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyouletyourchildrendohugetasksatanearlyage.Youcangraduallyincreasetheleveloftasksastheygrowoldbutnevereverpushthemtoohard.Second,appreciateeverylittleachievement.Praisethemorgivethemsomething.Childrenloverewardsanditdrivesthemtodobetter.Mostimportantly,letthemknowthataskingthemtohelp-outisnotapunishment.Choresshouldneverbeusedasapunishment.Theymightgetdoneintheshortterm,buttheeffectswon’tlast.Thisapproachdoesnotgivethechildthefeelingofdoingsomethingbecauseitistherightthingtodo.Itonlymakesthemhatechoresandhopingoutevenmore.Choresshouldbeusedasasenseofpurpose.Explaintothemthatitisfortheirbenefitandeverythingtheylearnfromitisfortheiradvantage.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Teachingchildrentodohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth,whichcanmakehomeatrainingplaceforyourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.Althoughit’shardtoforcechildrentodochores,therearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoamorelikelyactivityforthechildren.Butmostimportantly,choresshouldbeusedasasenseofpurposeinsteadofapunishment.【写作分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了让孩子学做家务对于孩子成长的重要性，它可以培养孩子的责任心，同时，要运用合理的方式鼓励孩子学做家务，而不是将做家务作为惩罚，要让做家务成为一种使命感。1.要点摘录①Therefore,teachingthechildrentodohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth.②Helpingathomecanbeatrainingplaceforyourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.③Although,mostparentscanalsoarguethatitisnoteasytoforcetheirchildrentodochores.④Buttherearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoamorelikelyactivityforthechildren.⑤Mostimportantly,letthemknowthataskingthemtohelp-outisnotapunishment.⑥Choresshou