(名师)情动与虚拟

情态动词ModalVerbs情态助动词有十三个：may,might;can,could;will,would;shall,should;must,need,dare,usedto,oughtto.

P5.Ex2Discusstheusageofmodalverbs

can&could(1)(本能，智能，体能，技能)Jimisn’tverygoodatmathsorscience,buthecanspeakEnglishverywell.Ourhistorytestwassolonglastweekthatnoonecouldfinishit.(2)(3)泛指“可能”Amanasoldashecanbeveryforgetful.

abilityability（4）补充推测/猜测

1.否定句

can’t/couldn’tbesb./sth.不可能是can’t/couldn’tbedoing不可能正在做can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做过某事2.疑问句：

Can/Could……bedoing?有可能……吗？Can/Could……havedone?区别：

肯定句couldhavedone原本可以做却没做(5)can和could的用法

还可以表示请求和允许。如：

Canyoufinishthisworktonight?

Mancannotlivewithoutair.

—Can/Could/MayIgonow?

---Could

Icometoseeyoutomorrow?

---Yes,youcan.（否定可用No,I‘mafraidnot.）

补充注意：was/wereabletodo表示过去成功办成某事==managedtodo,但是could没有这个意思。Eg:Hewasabletoescapefromtheprison.2.may&might(1)Whatawarddidyougetforthesportscompetition?MayIhavealook?(2)Ourfootballteamdidn’tplayverywelltoday,butwemightdobettertomorrow.permissionorrequestpossibility2）may和might的用法

1.表示许可。

表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉如：

Youmaydrivethecar.

—Might/MayIuseyourpen?

—No,youmustn't.

用MayI...征询对方许可,比较正式，比较客气。在日常口语中，CanI...更为常见。2.表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。

Hemaybeverybusynow.

补充：肯定句：may/mightdo/be可能是/做某事may/mightbedoing可能正在做may/mighthavedone可能已经做3.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：

Mayyousucceed!

3.must&can’tWhenyoueatfishyoumustbecarefulwiththebones.WangFenghaswontheEnglishcompetitionthreetimes.Hemustbeverysmart.AmanlandedonMars?Youmustbejoking.Thatcan’tbetrue.adviceornecessityguessingguessing

1.表示必须、必要。(主观意志)如：

Youmustcomeintime.

—Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?

—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn’t/No,youdon’thaveto./No,youcan’t.)

（2）补充推测/猜测肯定句：mustbesb./sth.一定是mustbedong一定正在做musthavedone一定已经做musthavebeendoing当时一定正在做

2.表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。

Hemaybeverybusynow.

补充：肯定句：may/mightdo/be可能是/做某事may/mightbedoing可能正在做may/mighthavedone可能已经做（4）补充推测/猜测

1.否定句can’t/couldn’tbesb./sth.不可能是can’t/couldn’tbedoing不可能正在做can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做过某事2.疑问句：Can/Could……bedoing?有可能……吗？Can/Could……havedone?区别：肯定句couldhavedone原本可以做却没做haveto的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用。但有几点不同：

①must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则往往强调客观需要。如：

Theplayisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.

IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.

②must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。

③二者的否定意义不大相同。如：

Youmustn‘tgo.你可不要去。

Youdon’thavetogo.你不必去。④询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：

MustIcleanalltheroom?4shall和should的用法

1.shall用于一和三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：

Shallwebeginourlesson?

Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?2.Shall用于二和三人称肯定句中，表示许诺、命令、警告，威胁Youshallgetmyanswertomorrow.Heshallbepunishedforwhathehasdone.3.Should除了表“应该”，还表推测。“照说应该、估计”4.shall&shouldTheharvestfestivalbeginsonSaturday.Weshallbetherewithourfriends.Whengoingbyplane,youshouldarriveattheairportatleastonehourearly.It’snearlytimeforclasstostart.Theteachershouldbeheresoon.promisepredictionprediction补充oughtto与should同，否定式为oughtnotto5.will&wouldDuringtheSpringFestivaltimethewholefamilywillcomefordinner.Myunclewaspoorbutlikedfashion,sohewouldoftendressupasarichman.AreyoufreethisSaturday?Wouldyouliketojoinmyfamilyfordinner?promiseorpredictionpasthabitrequest3）will和would的用法

1.表示意志、愿望和决心。如：

Iwillneverdothatagain.

Theyaskedifwewoulddothatagain.2.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：Would/Willyoupassmethebook?3.would可表示①过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,②不与表心理或状态的词连用，③现在是否结束不清楚usedto既①可以表示过去经常的动作，也可以示状态，

②暗含现在已不没有这样了。如：

I________likeice-cream.Afterherson’sdeath,she_______sitbythewindow,deepinthought.usedtowould补充needdo/neednotdo情态动词，无人称时态变化，多用于疑问和否定句中needtodo/……notneedtodo实意动词，有人称时态变化，多用于肯定句和否定句中。Exercises1.Jane______________(keep)herword,Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.2.Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpassfollowedbyapolicecar.They____________________(drive)atleast150kilometresanhour.IfI____________(plan)todoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.shouldhavekeptmusthavebeendrivingcouldplanMissFang__1__(not)readforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe__2__gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.“You__3___seeadoctorassoonaspossible,”shesaid,“You__4__needglasses.”WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor__5___seeherat3:30.MissFangrepliedthatshe__6__notbeabletobethereat3:30becauseshehadaclassthen.”Thedoctor__7__takeyouatabouttentofour,”theappointmentclerksuggested.“___8__Iputyoudownfortentofour,or___9___yourathercometomorrow?”MissFangthoughshe__10___(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteacher__11___beunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,“IthinkI__12___makeitattentofour.”MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,“__13___Ileaveat3”45today?I__14__haveaneyeexamination.”Asexpected,theteachersaid,“Yes,ofcourseyou__15___.”MissFang1_________(not)readforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe2________gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.“You3_______seeadoctorassoonaspossible,”shesaid,“You4_______needglasses.”WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor5_______seeherat3:30.MissFangrepliedthatshe6_______notbeabletobethereat3:30becauseshehadaclassthen.”Thedoctor7_________takecouldn’tshouldshouldmightcouldwouldmightyouatabouttentofour,”theappointmentclerksuggested.“8_____Iputyoudownfortentofour,or9______yourathercometomorrow?”MissFangthoughtshe10__________(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteacher11_________(not)beunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,“IthinkI12______makeitattentofour.”MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,“13_________Ileaveat3”45today?I14_____haveaneyeexamination.”Asexpected,theteachersaid,“Yes,ofcourseyou15_______.”Shallwouldshouldn’tshouldn’tcanCan/Maymustcan虚拟语气1）虚拟语气用于下列表示“命令要求建议劝告”等意义的动词的宾语从句，由（should）+动词原形构成。一坚持insist(坚持要求)二命令order,command三建议advise,suggest（建议）,propose四要求demand,require,request,ask，desire1.Sheinsisted(that)she____________(notsteal)thebook.2.Sheinsisted(that)he____________(tell)thetruth.3.Shesuggested(that)I______(look)unwell.4.Shesuggested(that)I________(see)adoctorassoonaspossible.1.wish+从句（虚拟语气）表示对现在的愿望虚拟时用过去式或情态动词过去式+do表示对将来的愿望虚拟时用情态动词过去式+do表示对过去的愿望虚拟时用had+p.p或could/would/might+have+p.pIwishIwere

asinger/Icouldfly.IwishIwouldbeamillionaireoneday.Theplaywasbad,IwishIhadnotgonetothetheatre.2.wouldrather+从句(虚拟语气)

“宁愿……”表示对现在或将来的愿望虚拟时用过去式表示对过去的愿望虚拟时用had+p.pIwouldratheryouhadn’tcomeyesterday.Iwouldratherthemid-termexamcameearlier.3.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)

之后的虚拟语气表示对现在或将来的愿望虚拟时用过去式或情态动词过去式+do表示对过去的愿望虚拟时用had+p.pIfonlyIhadworkedharder.IfonlyIcouldchangetheworld.4.asif/though+从句虚拟语气

陈述语气表示对现在或将来的愿望虚拟时用过去式或情态动词过去式+do表示对过去的愿望虚拟时用had+p.pThestickinaglassofwaterlooksasifitwerebroken.Heateasifhehadn’thadmealsforthreedays.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.5.Itis(high/about)timethat…句型

（做）…的时间到了在此句型中，从句要用过去式表虚拟It’shightimewemadeallourefforts.=It’shightimeforustomakeallourefforts.

其它使用虚拟语气的情况见名师面对面

第二节中的第3和第4点三.IFSentenceStructure‘IF’虚拟条件句的结构IF虚拟条件句根据条件所处时态分为三类.

a.表示与现在事实相反

的假设.

b.表示与过去事实相反

的假设.

c.表示与将来事实相反

的假设.translation1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybesttogetthechance.=WereIyou,……2.IfIhadworkedharder,Iwouldn’thavefailedintheexam.=HadIworked,……3.I fIhadeatenmore,Iwouldn’tbehungrynow.=HadIeatenmore,……区别2与3的后半句4.Howwonderfulitwouldbeifitsnowed/shouldsnow/weretosnowtomorrow!=Howwonderfulitwouldbeshoulditsnow!=Howwonderfulitwouldbewereittosnow！Conclusion:if假设从句中若有助动词had,were或should,可以去掉if，提前助动词had,were或sh