2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit2Onwardsandupwards泛读知识细解码学案外研版选择性必修第一册

PAGEUnit2Onwardsandupwards1．informv．通知，告知→informationn．信息2．rareadj.罕见的；稀有的→rarelyadv.很少，难得3．rejectv．拒绝，推翻→rejectionn．拒绝，推翻4．perseverev．锲而不舍，坚持不懈→perseverancen．毅力；坚持5．criticn．指责者→criticaladj.指责的→criticizev．指责，挑剔→criticismn．指责；指责6．delightn．使人兴奋的事→delightedadj.兴奋的；开心的→delightfuladj.令人开心的，讨人宠爱的7．debtn．债务，欠款→debtorn．债务人guaranteen．保证；保证书；担保；担保人；抵押品v.保证；确保1．Wealthisnotalwaysaguaranteeofhappiness. n.保证2．Heputuphishouseasaguarantee. n.抵押品3．IguaranteeIcanbeanexcellentvolunteerandservevisitorswell. v.保证WordsandPhrase学问要点1debtn．债务，欠款(教材P13)Whenthefundsarelowandthedebtsarehigh，...当资金少而债务多的时候，……[例]HewassogoodtomethatIcanneverrepaythedebtIowehim.他对我太好了，我恒久也还不清这份人情。[学问拓展]indebt 负债(状态)beinheavydebt 负债累累beoutofdebt 不欠债(状态)go/get/runintodebt 负债(动作)payoffallthedebts 还清债务(动作)beinsb.'sdebt＝beindebttosb. 欠某人的人情债； 受某人的恩惠；感谢某人[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Nearlyhalfthecollegestudentssaidtheywereindebt.②It'smucheasiertogetintodebtthangetoutofdebt.③IfImakegoodmoneythistime，I'llpayoffallmydebtsfirst.假如这次能挣大钱，我就先还清全部债务。[小片段填空]Mikehadbeenindebtformanyyears，butheworkedharddayandnightandmanagedtogetoutofdebt.However，hisfatherfellseriouslyillsuddenlyandMikeranintodebttosavehisfather.Mikefelthelplessashedidn'tknowhowtopayoffthedebts，Mr.Whiteofferedhimagoodjobtohelphim，soMikeoftensaidtoMr.White，“IwillalwaysrememberyourkindnessandI'mforeverinyourdebt.”学问要点2pacen．速度；进度；步速；节奏(教材P13)Don'tgiveupthoughthepaceseemsslow...尽管进度好像很慢，但不要放弃……[例]Iprefertherelaxedpaceoflifeinthecountry.我宠爱乡间那悠然的生活节奏。[学问拓展]atone'sownpace 以某人自己的速度keeppacewith 跟上，(与……)并驾齐驱； (与……)步调一样setthepace 定步速；起带头作用thepaceoflife 生活节奏paceupanddown 来回踱步[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Studentsstudyattheirownpaceandtheteachersseldomsettests.②Untilnow，wageincreaseshavealwayskeptpacewithinflation.③Hepacedupanddown，waitingforthedoctortocall.他踱来踱去，等着医生的电话。学问要点3(教材P14)“Weregrettoinformyou...”“我们很缺憾地通知你……”(1)regretv．&n．缺憾；懊悔[例]“IregrettoinformCanberransthatwehaveourfirstcaseofCOVID­19intheterritory，”Barrsaidatapressconference.巴尔在新闻发布会上说：“我很缺憾地通知Canberrans，我们在该地区发觉了第一例新型冠状病毒肺炎感染者。”[学问拓展]regrettodosth. 对要做的某事感到缺憾(todo的详细形式通常是inform、say、tell的不定式)regretdoing/havingdonesth. 懊悔做过某事(已经做了)regret＋that从句 很缺憾……(much)toone'sregret 令人(特别)缺憾的是withregret 缺憾地expressregretat/about/for 对……表示缺憾[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Idon'tregrettelling/havingtold(tell)herwhatIthought.②Iregrettotell(tell)youthatyouhavefailedagainintheexamination.③Weinformedherwithregretofourdecision.④Weregretthatweareunabletoreconsideryourcase.我们很缺憾无法重新考虑你的状况。[小片段填空]Iregrettedtotell(tell)herthatshehadbeendismissed.Muchtomyregret，shesaidtome，“Ihavenoregret.Ionlyregrettaking/havingtaken(take)thewrongjob.”(2)informv．通知，告知[例]Ifyouthreatenmeoruseanyforce，Ishallinformthepolice.你要是威逼我或是动武，我就报警。[学问拓展](1)informsb.ofsth. 通知某人某事informsb.that... 告知某人……(2)informedadj. 了解状况的；有见识的；有学问的keepsb.informedofsth. 使某人知道某事； 随时报告某人某事(3)informationn. 信息(不行数)[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thanksforinformingusofthechangeintheschedulesothatwecanmakenecessaryadjustments.②Ihopeyouwillkeepusinformed(inform)ofhowyouaregettingonwithyourwork.③Theyhaveboughtsomegardeningtoolsandoftengetsomeusefulinformation(inform)fromtheInternet.④Hehasbeeninformedthathedoesn'tqualifyforthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.他已经被告知，因为教化背景他不具备获得奖学金的资格。学问要点4rarelyadv.很少，难得(教材P14)Everyoneknowsthatsuccessrarelyhappensovernight...每个人都知道胜利很少在一夜之间发生……[例]Ioftendealwithcustomersonthephoneandrarelymeetthemface­to­face.我常常用电话和客户打交道，很少和他们见面。[学问拓展]rareadj. 稀有的，希奇的；宝贵的itisrare(forsb.)todosth. (某人)难得做某事，(某人)很少做某事[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换①It'sapparentlyrareforanyonetohave(have)twolegsthesamelength.②Tomisanhonestboy.Rarely(rare)doeshefailtokeephispromise.③Adebaterarelyattractedsomuchmediaattention.→Rarelydidadebateattractsomuchmediaattention.(倒装句)[名师点津]rarely是具有否定意义的副词，位于句首时，句子往往要部分倒装，即把句中的助动词、系动词等移至主语之前，有类似用法的词还有never、little、seldom、hardly、nor等。学问要点5havesth.incommon(withsb.orsth.)与……有(想法、爱好、特征等)相同之处(教材P14)Whenshereceivedherfirstrejectionletter，shedecidedthatitmeantshenowhadsomethingincommonwithherfavouritewriters...当她收到第一封拒绝信时，她认为这意味着她现在和她最宠爱的作家有了共同点……[例]Weareattractedbyeachother，becausewehavesomethingincommon.我们惺惺相惜，是因为我们有共同之处。[学问拓展]havenothingincommon 无共同之处havelittleincommon 几乎无共同之处havealotincommon 有很多共同之处incommonwith 和……一样；和……有共同之处[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Whatalltheinventorshaveincommonisthattheyarecuriousaboutthethingsaround.②Incommonwithothernewmothers，Ifinditdifficulttobalancemycareerwithmotherhood.③Theyaretwinsisters，buttheyhavenothingincommon．她们是双胞胎姐妹，但她们毫无共同之处。学问要点6turndown调小(声音等)；拒绝(教材P14)Iwasn'tgoingtogiveupuntileverysinglepublisherturnedmedown...在每个出版商拒绝我之前，我不会放弃……[例]Shecouldnotbeartheendlessmusicandturneddownthevolume.她受不了没完没了的音乐，就把音量调小了。[学问拓展]turnup 出现；到场；开大，调高(音量、热量等)turnaround/round 转身turnout 证明是；结果是turnto 转向；求助于turnover 翻转；移交turnon/off 打开/关闭(开关)[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Hesaidhewasadoctor；butlaterheturnedouttobeacheat.②Tomysurprise，hefailedtoturnup．③Asheturnedaround/round，hewassurprisedtoseethatthemanhaddisappeared.④PleasetellTomnottoleavetheclassroomunlesshemakessurethatallthelightsareturned(turn)off.⑤Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.上个周末，汤姆不得不拒绝参与宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。学问要点7guaranteev．保证；确保；保障n.保证；保证书(教材P15)So，itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.所以，好像光靠天赋不足以保证胜利。[例1]Iguaranteethatifyoutakethismedicine，you'llsoongetwell.我保证你吃了这药很快就会好。[例2]Afamousoldnameonafirmisnotnecessarilyaguaranteeofquality.公司悠久的品牌并不能确保商品的质量。[学问拓展](1)guaranteesb.sth.(＝ensuresb.sth.) 保证某人得到某物guaranteetodosth. 保证做某事guarantee＋that从句 确保……guaranteesth.forsometime 对……保修多久(2)givesb.aguarantee＋that从句 向某人保证……underguarantee 在保修期内[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Weshouldpayattentiontosmalldetails，whichcanguaranteetosucceed(succeed)intheend.②Ifthereshouldbesomethingwrongwiththecamerawhileitisstillunderguarantee，wewouldrepairitatourexpense.③Iguaranteetobeheretomorrow.我保证明天来这里。学问要点8delightedadj.兴奋的，开心的(教材P15)Wearedelightedtoinformyou...我们很兴奋地通知你……[例]Iwasdelightedtobeabletoeatmyfavoritedishestomyheart'scontent.我很兴奋能够大快朵颐地吃我最宠爱的菜。[学问拓展](1)bedelightedat/by... 由于……而兴奋bedelightedwith... 对……感到兴奋/满足bedelightedtodosth. 很兴奋做某事bedelighted＋that从句 很兴奋……(2)delightv. (使)开心n. 兴奋/欢乐的事toone'sdelight 令某人兴奋的是……(3)delightfuladj. 令人欢乐的，讨人宠爱的[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Iamalwaysdelightedtoreceive(receive)yourletters.②Itisatrulydelightful(delight)placewithwindingstreetsandprettycottages.③Toourdelight，varietiesofbirdsintheforestareontheincrease.④Sophiehasmovedtothecountrysideandsheisdelightedwithhernewhome.索菲亚已经搬到乡下住了，她对新家很满足。[小片段填空]Today，apieceofgoodnewsdelighted(delight)Lily.Whenclassbegan，themathsteacherwasdelightedtotell(tell)thewholeclass.“Tomydelight，theresultsofthetestareexcellent，andLilygetsfullmarks.Thisisadelightful(delight)result；nextLilywillshareherexperiencewithus.”SentencePatterns重点句式1“havesth.done”结构(教材P14)EmilyBrontëhadtopaytohaveherpoetrypublished．艾米莉·勃朗特不得不花钱出版她的诗集。句式分析：“havesth.done”结构，意为“使某事被做”。publish与herpoetry之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。[例]Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.We'vehaditexplainedenoughtoyou.到现在你应当理解这条交通规则了吧，我们已经给你说明得够多了。[学问拓展](1)“havesth.done”结构中，have为使役动词，意为“使，让”。“havesth.done”结构可表示三种含义：a．(主语)请/派别人完成某事。b．(主语)完成某事。c．(主语)遭遇某种不幸的状况。(2)havesb.dosth.让某人做某事。宾语sb.与do构成逻辑上的主谓关系。(3)havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人/某物始终做某事，强调动作始终在持续。宾语sb./sth.与do构成逻辑上的主谓关系。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Joehadmefind(find)acarforhim.②I'msorrytohaveyouwaiting(wait)heresolong.③Ihadmywatchstolen(steal)lastnight.④BeforeyoucamebackIhadhadallmymistakescorrected(把全部的错误都改正过来了)．⑤Ihadmylegbroken(我的一条腿摔断了)whenIgotoffthebus.重点句式2Itseemsthat...(教材P15)So，itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.所以，好像光靠天赋并不足以保证胜利。句式分析：“Itseems＋that从句”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。[例]ItseemstomethatMr.Brownwillnotcomeagain.在我看来，布朗先生不会再来了。[学问拓展]除了“Itseems＋that从句”结构，seem还常用于下列句式：(1)“主语＋seem(s)＋(tobe)＋表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态。(2)“主语＋seem(s)＋不定式”，此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。(3)“There＋seem(s)tobe＋名词”，其中tobe可省略。seem的单复数形式要依据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式确定。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Hermindseemedtobewandering(wander)andshedidn'trecognizeus.②Sheseemedtohaveforgotten(forget)herpromise.③Theredoesn'tseemtobemuchhopeofourbeatingthatteam.④Exceptforoneminordisease，heseemedtobeinexcellenthealth(好像特别健康)．⑤Thechildrenseemedtobeeating(好像正在吃)somethingintheroom.重点句式3祈使句＋连词＋陈述句(教材P15)Keeptryingandeventuallyyouwillreadthewords“Wearedelightedtoinformyou...”接着努力，最终你会读到“我们很兴奋地通知你……”句式分析：本句是“祈使句＋连词＋陈述句”句式，其中祈使句表示条件。[例]Comeearly，andyou'llseeZhongNanshan.早点来，你会见到钟南山的。[学问拓展]“祈使句＋连词＋陈述句”句型的详细形式：(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句(2)祈使句＋or(else)/otherwise＋陈述句留意：(1)中还有以下两种改变形式：①祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句②名词词组(通常含有more、another、further等词)＋and＋陈述句[即学即练]完成句子/同义句转换①Trysomeofthisjuice—perhapsyou'lllikeit(或许你会宠爱的)．②Hurryup，oryou'llbelateagain(否则你会又迟到的)．③Workhardandyouwillmakeprogress.→Ifyouworkhard，you'llmakeprogress.④Let'skeeptothepoint，orwewillneverreachanydecisions.→Unlesswekeeptothepoint/Ifwedon'tkeeptothepoint，wewillneverreachanydecisions.⑤Onemoreweek，andwewillaccomplishthetask.→Giveusonemoreweek，andwewillaccomplishthetask.→Ifwehaveonemoreweek/Ifyougiveusonemoreweek，wewillaccomplishthetask.1．(教材P14)Theresponsefromapublishercomesbackandthewritereagerlyopensandreadsit，theirheartssinkingwhentheyreachthatfinalsentence.[分析]本句为复合句。theirheartssinking为独立主格结构，在句中作状语；whentheyreachthatfinalsentence为when引导的时间状语从句。[译文]出版商的答复回来了，作者急迫地绽开阅读，当他们读到最终一句时，他们的心沉了下来。2．(教材P15)Infact，itiswithinthepagesofJaneEyrethatwecanfindthesewords：“Ihonourendurance，perseverance，industry，talent；becausethesearethemeansbywhichmenachievegreatends...”[分析]本句为复合句。itiswithinthepagesofJaneEyrethatwecanfindthesewords是强调句，强调状语withinthepagesofJaneEyre；干脆引语中，because引导缘由状语从句，bywhich引导定语从句，修饰先行词means。[译文]事实上，正是在《简·爱》这本书里，我们能够找到这些话：“我尊崇忍耐力、毅力、勤奋和才能；因为这些是人们实现宏大目标所凭借的手段……”教材高考1.Whenthefundsarelowandthedebtsarehigh...(2024·天津卷)Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.2.Don'tgiveupthoughthepaceseemsslow...(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtomostcalculations，racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour...3.Weregrettoinformyou...(2024·天津卷)Oncethebookyou'verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch，theywillinformyoubye­mail，soyoucanpickitup.4.So，itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Nowthatmanychangeshavetakenplace，weshouldkeeppacewiththechangestoo.2．Wewerepoorbutwenevergotintodebt.3．Theywererarely(rare)seentogetherandcertainlydidnottraveltogether.4．Feelingratherhurt，Istruggledtounderstandthisrejection(reject)．5．Heistryingtoshelterhisstudentfromcriticism(criticize)．6．Gothere，andyouareguaranteedtoenjoy(enjoy)thesightsintheirnaturalstate.7．Iregrettosay(say)itisnotalwayseasytodotherightthing.8．Comparingthem，youwillfindthereissomethingincommonbetweenthem.9．AuntLucyisalwaysturningupwithoutwarningandbringinguspresents.10．Mr.Huangwillplayaleadingpartinthemovement.Ⅱ.短语填空regretto，takeforexample，have...incommon，stick...on，atouchof，turndown，atotalof，playapart1．Ifyoulike，stickapictureofthecountryonthecover.2．Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown．3．Thosetwobrothersnotonlylookalike，butalsotheyhavealotincommon．4．Communicationalongwithinformationindustryplaysanimportantpartinmoderntimes.5．Honey，IregrettosayIcan'tgototheget­togethertonight.I'mtiredout.6．There