2019-2020学年八年级上学期期末考试常考题汇编（单选）教师版

20192020学年八年级上学期期末考试常考题汇编单选（20182019学年南京市金陵中学河西分校）单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thetemperaturecandrop_________zerowhenwinteres.atB.overC.underD.belowMyfamilyandIhada(an)_________tripinTaiwanbecauseoftherainstorm.perfectB.unpleasantC.fortableD.impatientPeopleintheUKsay“football”.Right.ButpeopleintheUKsay“_________”.fallB.cookieC.soccerD.eraserAllthevillagersweresleepingintheirhouses_________themudslides(泥石流)hitthevillage.soB.afterC.whenD.whileJackdidn’tlistentotheteachercarefullythismorning._________,hecouldn’tanswerthequestionscorrectly.AsaresultB.AsusualC.ForexampleD.AtfirstYoudon’thavetotakearaincoat.Itwon’train.Well,Iamnotsure.It_________rainatanytime.mayB.mustC.shouldD.needIphonedyouyesterdayafternoon,butnobodyanswered.Oh,I_________awalkwithmyparentsneartheriver.amtalkingB.wastakingC.tookD.willtakeDaniel,didyouhearabouttheearthquakelastmonth?Yes,alotofhousesandbuildings_________duringthedisaster.fellagainstB.felloverC.felloffD.felldown24.Whichofthefollowingisapoundwordjustlike“snowball”?buildingB.introduceC.weekendD.petition25.Thereservegiveswildlifefoodandcover.Whichisthecorrectsentencestructure?S+V+PB.S+V+IO+DOS+V+DO+OCD.S+V+DOWinterdaysarefullofsnow.Inthissentence,“snow”rhymeswith_________.awayB.groundC.showersD.grow_________didyouweighwhenyouwereborn?MymumsaidIweighed3.2kilogramsthen.HowheavyB.HowmanyC.HowmuchD.HowlongTimmy,handinyourhomework,please.I’msorry,Missgreen.I_________ithome.ForgetB.leftC.putD.keptWhichisagoodsuggestion(建议)inthesefollowingsituations?Whenwefindabigfire,weshouldcall119forhelp.Whenamansuddenlyfeelsverysick,weneedtocall110atonce.Whenacarcrashesintoatreeintheevening,weneedtocall112.Whenthereisathiefintheshop,wecallthepoliceon114.Myunclefelloffthebikeandhurthislegsyesterday._________.IamsorrytohearthatB.HeistoocarelessThat’stoohardD.Heshouldbecareful1620DBCCA2125ABDCB2630DCBAA（20182019学年度南京南师附中树人中学）二．单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TipsHideunderastrongdeskortabletoprotectyourselfDonotstandnearawindowThetipsontherightmightbeveryusefulifhappen.firesB.earthquakesC.floodsD.trafficaccidents【解析】根据Tips可知，躲在桌子底下保护好自己并且不要在窗户旁是发生地震时所采取的措施。【答案】BManypeopleenjoywatchingbearsplaywonderfultricksinthezoo.——Yes.ButIdon’tthinkbearsreallywanttobethere.speakersB.reportersC.visitorsD.actors【解析】根据题意动物园的动物在表演。【答案】D——IfinditdifficultformetorememberEnglishwordsthesedays.——Youcaneatmorestrawberries.Ithinktheycanhelpimproveyour.qualityB.resultC.memoryD.taste【解析】根据题意：我觉得对我而言，记忆英语单词很困难，所以吃草莓能够帮助你提高你的记忆力。【答案】C——Iamalittleafraidofdrivingthethickfog.acrossB.throughC.underD.with【解析】开车穿过浓雾用介词through【答案】BSomepeoplelikeAmericanEnglish,otherslikeBritishEnglish.ifB.whileC,asD.before【解析】while表示转折，意思为然而【答案】BSomescientistsstudyZhalongNatureReserve.learnaboutprotectingwildlifeB.learnabouttheseasonsoftheyeartolearnaboutprotectingwildlifeD.tolearnabouttheseasonsoftheyear【解析】用动词不定式表示目的，因为是自然保护区，所以是保护野生生物【答案】C——NanjingHonghanForestZoosixroomsforthreegiantpandas.——Great!Ithinkpandasarehappytohaveenoughspacetolive.describesB.mopsC.paintsD.provides【解析】动物园为3只大熊猫提供6间房子。这里考固定搭配，providesthforsb.【答案】D——Youworksoslowly,Paul!——Well,Ibeslow,butIthinkIdon’tmakemistakeseasily.mayB.shouldC.canD.must【解析】根据句意，我可能是有点慢，但是我认为我会不容易出错。所以用may【答案】A——Sorry,Ican’tanswerthisquestion.Iaboutsomethingelse.——Tommy,youarealwaysmilesawayinclass!thinkB.thoughtC.amthinkingD.wasthinking【解析】根据句意可知，不好意思我不能回答这个问题，因为我刚才正在思考其他事情。用过去进行时表示。【答案】D——Whatapity!Ididn’tgetfullmarksinthephysicstest.——eon!Nobodycanmakeeverything.perfectB.usefulC.naturalD.active【解析】根据句意可知，我在这次的物理考试中不能得到满分了，真实太可惜了，回答者表示没有人能够将任何事情做到完美。【答案】AGoodnews!Thegoggles——anewkindofglassesonumbrellas,canhelpyouseetheroadonarainyday.mainlyB.slowlyC.clearlyD.exactly【解析】根据题意可知，这种新雨伞能够帮助你在雨天看清楚路，所以选择clearly.【答案】C——Iwillgoclimbingwithfriendstomorrow,Mum.——You’dbetterwearmoreclothes.Thehigheryouclimb,theitwillbe.hotterB.hottestC.colderD.coldest【解析】根据题意可知，妈妈说你最好多穿一点衣服，所以一定是爬得越高越是寒冷【答案】CWhatshouldIdowhenthefloodhappens,Dad?——It’simportanttoandthengettohighgroundandstaythere.calmdownB.putdownCedownD.falldown【解析】根据题意可知，当洪水发生的时候，保持镇定很重要，所以选择calmdown【答案】AWhensentencehasthesamesentencestructureas“wevisitedthemuseum.”Theskybecamedark.B.Thecloudscoveredthesun.Thetemperaturedroppedquickly.D.Mr.Wuboughtussomeumbrellas.【解析】题干的例句是S+V+O,A选项为S+V+P,B选项为S+V+O,C选项为S+V,D选项为S+V+IO+DO。所以选择B【答案】B——Howareyougoing,David?——.Thecoldweatherhereiskillingme.NottoobadB.Can’tbeworseC.PrettyniceD.Can’tbebetter.【解析】根据句意这寒冷的天气快把我冻死了可知，要表达的是糟糕透了，所以只有选项B表达该意思【答案】B（20182019学年南京市鼓楼区）二、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，井答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thetipsontherightmightbeveryusefulifhappen.TipsHideunderastrongdeskortabletoprotectyourselfDonotstandnearawindowfiresB.earthquakesC.floodsD.trafficaccidents【参考答案】B【思路解析】根据句意躲在桌子底下保护自己，只有地震符合题意。2.—Manypeopleenjoywatchingbearsplaywonderfultricksinthezoo.—Yes,ButIdon’tthinkbearsreallywanttobethere.speakersB.reportersC.visitorsD.actors【参考答案】D【思路解析】根据句意玩把戏可知。3.—IfinditdifficultformetorememberEnglishwordsthesedays.—Youcaneatmorestrawberries.Ithinktheycanhelpimproveyour.qualityB.resultC.memoryD.taste【参考答案】C【思路解析】根据句意表示记不住单词，所以想表达吃草莓对记忆有用。4.—amalittleafraidofdrivingthethickfog—Whynottaketheunderground?It'sfasterandsafer.acrossB.throughC.underD.with【参考答案】B【思路解析】从内部穿过。5.SomepeoplelikeAmericanEnglish,otherslikeBritishEnglish.A.ifB.whileC.asD.before【参考答案】B【思路解析】表示转折。6.SomescientistsstudyZhalongNatureReserve.A.learnaboutprotectingwildlifeB.learnabouttheseasonsoftheyearC.tolearnaboutprotectingwildlifeD.tolearnabouttheseasonsoftheyear【参考答案】C【思路解析】表示目的。7.—NanjingHongshanForestZoosixroomsforthreegiantpandas.—Great!Ithinkpandasarehappytohaveenoughspacetolive.describesB.mopsC.paintsD.provide【参考答案】D【思路解析】provide...for为...提供...8.—Youworksoslowly,Paul!—well,Ibeslow.butIthinkIdon’tmakemistakeseasily.mayB.shouldC.canD.must【参考答案】A【思路解析】maybe可能。9.—Sorry,Ican'tanswerthisquestion.Iaboutsomethingelse.—Tommy,youarealwaysmilesawayinclass!thinkB.thoughtC.amthinkingD.wasthinking【参考答案】D【思路解析】表示过去正在进行的动作。10.—Whatapity!Ididn'tgetfullmarksinthephysicstest.—eon!Nobodycanmakeeverything.perfectB.usefulC.naturalD.active【参考答案】A【思路解析】根据句意理解。11.Goodnews!Thegogglesanewkindofglassesonumbrellas,canhelpyouseetheroadonarainydaymainlyB.slowlyC.clearlyD.exactly【参考答案】C【思路解析】帮助你看的清晰。12.—Iwillgoclimbingwithfriendstomorrow,Mum.—you'dbetterwearmoreclothes.Thehigheryouclimb,theitwillbe.hotterB.hottestC.colderD.coldest【参考答案】C【思路解析】比较级，前面说了多穿衣服，所以表示冷。13.—whatshouldIdowhenthefloodhappens,Dad?—It’sImportanttoandthengettohighgroundandstaythere.calmdownB.putdownCedownD.falldown【参考答案】A【思路解析】保持冷静。14.Whichsentencehasthesamesentencestructureas"Wevisitedthemuseum.?A.Theskybecamedark.B.ThecloudscoveredthesunC.ThetemperaturedroppedquicklyD.Mr.Wuboughtussomeumbrellas.【参考答案】B【思路解析】主谓宾结构。15.—Howareyougoing,David?—Thecoldweatherhereiskillingme.NottoobadB.Can'tbeworseC.PrettyniceD.Can’tbebetter【参考答案】B【思路解析】表示再糟糕不过了。（20182019学年江苏省南京市建邺区新城中学本部）二、单项选择Thetemperaturecandrop_____zerowhenwinteres.AatBoverCunderDbelow【答案】D【解析】考察介词，冬天温度能降到0度一下，表示温度只能选D。MyfamilyandIhada/an_______tripinTaiwanbecauseoftherainstorm.AperfectBunpleasantCfortableDimpatient【答案】B【解析】考察词汇辨析，根据therainstorm.可知这趟旅行不愉快A完美B不愉快的C舒服的D不耐烦的。故选BPeopleintheUKsay“football”.Right.ButpeopleintheUSAsay_________.AfallBcookieC.soccerD.eraser【答案】C【解析】A秋天B饼干C足球D橡皮，故选CAllthevillagersweresleepingintheirhouses_______themudslides(泥石流)hitthevillage.AsoBafterCwhenD.while【答案】C【解析】当泥石流袭击的这个村庄的时候，村民们正在睡觉，when表示某事突然发生，while后面接进行时。故选C5.Jackdidn'tlistentotheteachercarefullythismorning._________,hecouldn’tanswerthequestionscorrectly.A.AsaresultB.AsusualC.ForexampleD.Atfirst【答案】A【解析】没仔细听讲，结果，回答错误，A结果B像往常C例如D首先，故选A6.youdon'thavetotakearaincoat.ItwontrainWell.Iamnotsure.It______rainatanytime.A.mayBmustCshouldDneed【答案】A【解析】不确定说明存在可能性，A可能B必须C应该D需要，故选A7.Iphonedyouyesterdayafternoon,butnobodyansweredOh.I________awalkwithmyparentsneartheriverAamtakingBwastakingC.toolDwilltake【答案】B【解析】我那个时候正在和我的父母散步，用过去进行时，故选B8Daniel,didyouhearabouttheearthquakelastmonths.Yes,alotofhousesandbuildings______duringthedisaster.fellagainstB.felloverC.felloffD.felldown【答案】D【解析】很多建筑物在灾难中塌陷了。B摔倒C从...摔下D塌陷，故选DWhichofthefollowingisapoundwordjustlike"snowball"?AbuildingBintroduceCweekendD.petition【答案】C【解析】哪一个是组合词，故选C10.Thereservegiveswildlifefoodandcover.Whichisthecorrectsentencestructure?S+V+PBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+DO+OCDS+V+DO【答案】B【解析】考察句子成分，givesbsth考察S+V+IO+DO。11.Winterdaysarefullofsnow.Inthissentence,"snow"rhymeswith_____?A.awayB.groundCshowersD.grow【答案】D【解析】考察语音，押韵ow.故选D12._______didyouweighwhenyouwereborn?MymumsaidIweighed3.2kilogramsthenAHowheavyBHowmanyCHowmuchD.Howlong【答案】C【解析】问体重howmuchdoyouweigh/What’stheweight?13.Timmy,handinyourhomework,please._____ithomethismorningーI'msorry,MissGreenI_____homethismorning.forgotB.leftCputBkept【答案】B【解析】我把作业留在家里了，选BWhichisagoodsuggestioninthesefollowingsituations?A.Whenwefindabigfire,weshouldcall119forhelp.B.Whenamansuddenlyfeelsverysick,weneedtocall110atonceC.Whenacarcrashesintoatreeintheevening,weneedtocall112D.Whenthereisathiefinashop,wecancallthepoliceon114.【答案】A【解析】考察常识性问题，B120C119D110故选A15.Myunclefelloffthebikeandhurthislegsyesterday.__________.A:IamsorrytohearthatB.HeistoocarelessThat'stoobadD.Heshouldbecareful【答案】B【解析】对于不好的事情回答Iamsorrytohearthat。故选A。（20182019学年江苏省南京市秦淮区钟英中学）二、单项选择16.TheChinesegovernmentistryingtospeeduptheInternetandreducetheprice.Excitingnewsforallofus！A．HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan【参考答案】C【解析】考察感叹句，what+n;how+adj/adv17.Motheristoobusytohelpusfinishthework.

—Let’sdoit________.A．herselfB．myselfC．itselfD．ourselves【参考答案】D【解析】考察反身代词18.YesterdayeveningwhenIcamebackhomefromschool,myyoungerbrotherwasdrawingapicturemyparentswerepreparingabigmeal.A.ifB.becauseC.whileD.until【参考答案】C【解析】考察连词19.HarryinvitedmethefilmAquamanwithhimlastweekend.A.seeB.sawC.seeingD.tosee【参考答案】D【解析】考察不定式，invitesb.todosth.20.Myneighborhasapetdog.Whenwintercorners,itwearsredshoesandlooksvery.A.cleverB.braveC.funnyD.careful【参考答案】C【解析】考察形容词词意辨析21.—CouldIspeaktoPaul?Iphoned________thismorning.—Sorryheisstillinthemeeting.Hewon’teoutuntilthemeetingisover.lateB.earlierC.earliestD.later【参考答案】B【解析】考察比较级22.—Whywereyoulate,Jim?—Thetrafficwasheavy.What’sWorse,mycarhalfwayandIhadtowalktotheoffice.brokedown B.tookaction C.lookedthroughD.calmeddown【参考答案】A【解析】考察动词词组辨析，breakdown抛锚23.ThelittleboywaseverycheerfulbecauseheansweredallthequestionsandwonabigPrize(奖).incorrectly B.correctly C.wrong D.terribly【参考答案】B【解析】考察副词词意辨析，正确地回答所有题目24.—I’mplanningtohaveatriptoHongKongforthewnerholiday.Whataboutyou?—that'sgreat!We_____gotomyfather’shometownbutwehaven’tdecidedyet.A.may B.must C.can't D.needn’t【参考答案】A【解析】考察情态动词25.WecanaddertothefollowingwordstoformnounsforpeopleEXCEPT_____.A.speak B.play C.visit D.farm【参考答案】C【解析】考察构词法visitor 26.“MyEnglishteacheralwaysadvisesmetospeakEnglishmoreoften.”Themainstructureofthesentenceis______.A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S++O+DO D.SV+DOOC【参考答案】D【解析】考察句子结构27.OurEnglishteachertoldustospendasmuchtimeaswecan____EnglishA.read B.toread C.reading D.forread【参考答案】B【解析】考察不定式表目的28.TonyisonlyshorterthanJim,right?Yes,heis______studentinhisclass.A.thesecondtallest B.thetwotallestCsecondtallest Dtwotallest【参考答案】A【解析】考察形容词最高级29.Whichofthefollowingnewspaperheadlinesisaboutanaturaldisaster?A.SchoolfootballteamlosesfinalB.FloodwashesawayvillageC.YoungboyfallsfromtreeandhurtsletD.Coachcrashesintotree【参考答案】B【解析】考察词汇理解30.Wouldyoumindturningupthemusic?_________.DadissleepingnowSorry,Ican'tdoit B.Yes,pleaseC.No,notatall. DOK,Iwill【参考答案】A【解析】考察情景交际（20182019学年南京市玄武区）一、选择题16.WhenIwasworkingonaMathsproblem,agoodideawent_____mymind.A.over B.at C.about D.through17.Wow!You'vegotsomanycoats.But______ofthemisinfashionnow.Iboughtthem5yearsago.A.all B.both C.none D.neither18.Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,you___turnoffyourcellphonebeforeboarding.A.need B.must C.may D.can19.Didthebookgiveyoualltheinformationyouwanted?Yes,but______it,Ihadtoreadthewholebook.A.find B.found C.finding D.tofind20.Janeworkedveryhardatallherlessons.________,shebecamethetopstudentinherclass.A.Inorderto. B.Asaresult C.Asusual D.Forexample21.Thestructureofthesentence“Wefinditdifficulttofinishthistask.”is______.A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC22.Mum,Idon'tquiteunderstandtheChinesesaying.Dear,don'tworry._____theyearsgoby,youwillgettoknowit,A.As B.While C.Since D.Until23.Ididn'tseeyouatthepartyyesterday.I_____formyfriendsatthegateatthattime.A.waswaiting B.waited C.amwaiting D.wait24.Whichofthefollowingonescanbeanewspaperheadline?A.Bigstormkilled40peopleB.USfarmershopemoreporkboughtC.TheInternationalIceFestivalopensinArxanD.AnearthquakekillshundredsofpeopleinIndonesia25.I’mafraidIcan'tgoswimmingwithyoutomorrow.Youknow,theexamisaroundthecorner.Really?______.A.You'rewele. B.That'snothing. C.Whatapity! D.Noproblem.答案20DCBDB2125DAABC（20182019学年江苏省南京市百家湖中学）第二部分，英语知识综合运用第一节从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项并填在答题卡上，将该项涂黑。（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分）16.Nextweek,therewillbeaheavysnowandthetemperaturewilldrop______zeroA.amongB.fromC.aboveDbelow【答案】D【分析】考查介词，among用在三者及以上的总共，from自...从，above是在…上方，也可以指温度的上方，根据题意是气温下降，因此选D在……之下17.WhydidyouchooseMaggieasyourbestfriend?Becausesheisvery______.Shealwayssharesthingswithothers.A.patientBtidyCgenerousD.humorous【答案】C【分析】本题考查形容词，A耐心的B整洁的C慷慨的D幽默的18.Whereareyougoingthisweekend?We________gotoXuanwuLake,butwearenotsure.A.mustBmayC.needn'tD.mustn't【答案】B【分析】考查情态动词。句意：你们这周末去哪里？可能，可以；could能够；would愿意，过去常常；must必须，偏要，mustn’t不必须，needn’t不需要，不必。因此选B19.Mymotherandfatherenioyed______inthecinemalastSunday.Thefilmbroughtthembacktothehappycollegelife.AmyselfBhimselfC.herselfD.themselves【答案】D【分析】考查反身代词。主语是myfatherandmother，主语是两个人因此用复数形式，并且是第三人称，因此选D。20.Sometimeswalkingiseven_____thandrivingduringthebusytraffictime.A.fasterB.fastCslowDslower【答案】A【分析】考查比较级。形容词被even修饰时，应用比较级，根据题意是更快，故选A。21_______doesababytigerweighwhenitisborn?Itmightbehardtobelieve.AnewbornbabytigerweighsnomorethanIkilogramA.HowoldBHowmuchC.HowmanyD.Howlong【答案】B【分析】考查特殊疑问词。根据句意是在问小老虎出生的时候多重，因此要用询问数量的词，howmuch问重量和价格，howmany问可数的数量。22____________arecrazyaboutclimbingmountainsandtheyarereallygreat.SupportersB.WaitersC.ClimbersD.Writers【答案】C【分析】考查名词词义辨析。Asupporters支持者，Bwaiters服务员，Cclimbers登山者Dwriters作家。根据题意应该选C23.WhatshouldIdowhentheearthquakehappens,Dad?Firstofall,it'simportantto_________andhideyourselfinthecornersoftheroom.A.calmdownBputdownCturndownDfalldown【答案】A【分析】考查动词短语搭配，calmdown是冷静下来，putdown是放倒……，turndown是调低音量falldown是倒下24,Tomdoesn'tstudy_____hisclassmates,soheoftenfailsintheexams.A.ascarefulasB.socarelessasC.ascarelesslyasDsocarefullyas【答案】A【分析】考查比较级的同级比较，根据题意，Tom没有他的同学学得仔细,因此他经常考试不及格，主句已经有了doesn’t因此同级比较时不用否定形式。25.Themanisbadlyhurt.We'dbetter_______himbeforethedoctorse.AnotmoveBnottomoveC.Don'tmoveD.notmoving【答案】A【分析】本题考查固定搭配，we’dbetterdosth./We’dbetternotdosth.是固定的用法，C选项是祈使句，没有主语时使用。因此选A26.Wecouldntfindyouanywherearound8o'clockyesterdayeveningI’msorryforthat.I_________inthesupermarketthen.AshoppedBamshoppingCwasshoppingDwillshop【答案】C【分析】考查过去进行时，询问昨天晚上8点左右找不到人，因此回答的时候也是在对当时在做的事情进行回答。看到then，那时、当时的意思，应该用过去进行时。27.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedthesamewayas"toothache?AmunicationBunimportantCcarelessDcountryside【答案】D【分析】考查名词构成，题意为下面哪个和toothache是由相同的方法构成的。Tooth+ache两个名词构成了牙疼这个词，4个选项中只有D选项是country+side构成的。构成方法相同。故选D28."Whitesnowcoversthewholeearthinwinter,"ThissentencestructureisAS+VBS+V+OCS+V+PDS+V+DO+OC【答案】B【分析】考查句子结构，冬天白雪覆盖着整个大地。这句话是主谓宾结构，inwinter是时间状语。因此该选B29Mum,Ihavetriedmybesttopassthedrivingtest,butIfailed____________！GoodlucktoyounexttimeA.That'sgreatB.WhatkapityC.GladtohearthatD.That'syourbusiness【答案】B【分析】考查口语交际，题目意思为妈妈，我已经尽力去通过驾照考试，但是我失败了。妈妈的回答是……下次希望能过。A很棒很好B多可惜C很高兴听到这个D这是你的事情。因此根据题意应该选B30.Ithinkthefilmisanawfulone.Whatdoyouthinkofit？__________.IttellsalongandboringstoryA.IagreeB.IdontthinksoC.Ican'tagreewithyouD.Idontthinkyouareright【答案】A【分析】考查口语交际，题意为我觉得这个电影不好看，你觉得它怎么样呢？回答是……，它讲了一个又长又无聊的故事。A我同意B我不认为C我不同意你的说法D我认为你不对。根据题意应该是赞同对方的话，因此选A。（20182019学年江苏省南京市江北新区）二、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确选项。16.Nextweek,therewillbeaheavysnowandthetemperaturewilldrop_______zero.A.among B.from C.above D.below17.—WhydidyouchooseMaggieasyourbestfriend?—Becausesheisvery_______.Shealwayssharesthingswithothers.A.patient B.tidy C.