初中英语语法专题六非谓语动词

初中英语语法专题六——非谓语动词本课重点：1.非谓语动词复习；2.20XX年全国各地110份中考英语试题解析版汇编之一单项选择——非谓语动词；3.词汇积累名言警句：Practisewhatyoupreach.严于律己，宽于待人。非谓语动词复习中考非谓语动词语法网络结构图一、非谓语动词的概说在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。它不受人称和数的限制。功能动词不定式动名词分词基本形式Todo否定形式：nottodov-ing现在分词：v-ing过去分词：v-ed主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+动词不定式,且在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of.E.g.TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.不定式作主语常表示具体的或一次性的动作。E.g.Itisdifficulttoplaythisgame.3.不定式作主语常表示目的或一件未完成的事。E.g.Hehopestobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.动名词作主语谓语动词用单数。动名词作主语常表示一般或抽象的行为；E.g.Collectingstampsisfun.(一般)动名词作主语常表示一件已知的事或经验;E.g.Skatingisveryinteresting.(经验)在Itisnouse(good),notanyuse(good),useless等后一般用动名词。E.g.ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutpractice.宾语1.一般不做介词宾语，只能做某些动词的宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令，打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect,agree,learn,happen等。E.g.wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?2.在find,think后跟不定式做宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。E.g.IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.3.常见的一些不带to的动词不定式，whynotdo…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease(notdo)E.g.Iwouldratherstayathome.能做动词/介词宾语：Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.(动词宾语)Stampsareusedforsendingletters.（介词宾语）说明：表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。注意：英语中有一些动词后面常跟动名词做宾语。初中阶段常见：finish,enjoy,mind,miss,beworth,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem(in),spend,feellike,beusedto等。表语多数情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为做主语。E.g.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomismyworkeveryday.同左：E.g.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.1.现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征E.g.Thesituationisencouraging.2.过去分词作表语，表示某种状态E.g.Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.定语1.不定式做定语，要放在所修饰的词后面。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。Haveyougotanythingtosay?2.如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.3.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用相当于一个宾语从句。Hedidn’tknowwheretogo.(=whereheshouldgo)只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于修饰词之前。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.1.现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?2.过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.补足语1.不定式做宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.2.有些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式做宾补。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(make,let,have)、四看(see,watch,lookat,notice)、五帮助(help)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.1.现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.2.过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系）He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.注意：现在分词和不定式做宾补的区别：常见的动词有see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have等，他们接不带to的不定式做宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行。Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.(动作已结束)状语1.做目的状语只能用不定式IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.2.不定式做结果状语，表示发生在先后的两个动作，或表示意想不到或事与愿违的结果前通常加only或never.Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.1.通常情况，做伴随状语用现在分词Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.2.现在分词作结果状语，表示伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的结果。Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.二、动词后接不定式和动名词的区别（补充书上知识）1. liketodosth.表示心理或一次性的具体动作likedoingsth.表示习惯性动作（类似的还有love,hate）2. begin/starttodosthbegin/startdoingsth.1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.Howoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedplayingthepiano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2)begin,start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式todoIwasbeginningtogetangry。我开始生起气来。3)在begin,start后接know,understand,realize这类动词时，常用不定式todo。Ibegintounderstandthetruth。4)物作主语时Itbegantomelt.3.感官动词+doing/todo感官动词see,watch,,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）典型例题1）Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用seesbdosth的句型。2）Themissingboywaslastseen___neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用seesb.doingsth句型间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，两者都作为某个动词的宾语，因此位置可以互换。如：givemethebook间接宾语为“me”,直接宾语为“thebook”，都用作“give”的宾语，也可说givethebooktometeachhimalesson间接“him”，直接“alesson”，用作“teach”的宾语,也可说teachalessontohim宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充说明的成分，但不用作宾语，位置不能抽换。还是用回刚才的例子：givemethebooktoreturnittothelibrary补充说明的部分是哪些呢？对了，就是“toreturnittothelibrary”：“把书给我，我要拿去还给图书馆。”“我要拿去还给图书馆”就是补充说明为什么要“把书给我”的理由。teachhimalessontoshuthimup中的“toshuthimup”也是补足成分：好好教训他一顿，让他住嘴。20XX年全国各地110份中考英语试题解析版汇编之一单项选择——非谓语动词39.【2011·福州中考】—Don’tforget_____yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.—Thanks.Iwon’t.A.bring B.tobring C.bringing42.【2011·福州中考】—WealllikeMissWang.—Iagreewithyou.ShealwaysmakesherEnglishclasses______.A.interested B.interest C.interesting【2011浙江杭州】24.Nick,wouldyoumind______thoseoldjeans?Theylookterrible.A.nottowear B.notwear C.wearingnot D.notwearing【2011山东潍坊】29.Thenewtreatments______byNormanBethunehelpedanumberofsoldiers.A.inventB.inventsC,inventingD.invented【2011邵阳】28.Ispentalotoftime______Englishlastweekend.A.topracticespeakingB.practicingtospeakC.practicingspeaking【2011广安市】31.－Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?－Ioftenpractice____English.A.speakB.tospeakC.speaking【2011•兰州】23.OneofthedifficultieswehaveEnglishishowtoremembernewwordsandexpressions.A.tolearnB.inlearningC.learnD.learned【2011•兰州】27.Wecan'tworkoutthephysicsproblem.Canyoutellus?A.howtodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoitD.whatshouldtodo【2011山东临沂】27.Ifpricesrisetoohigh,thegovernmenthastodosomething_________it.A.stopB.stoppedC.stoppingD.tostop【2011山东泰安】33.—Ifeeltiredandsleepy.—Whynotstop______forawhile?A.rest B.torest C.resting D.rested【2011山东威海】34.Whattimedoyouexpecther________?A.arriveB.isarrivingC.arrivingD.toarrive【2011山东威海】37.Thismathproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme________,George?A.whattoworkoutB.toworkitoutC.howtoworkitoutD.howtoworkoutit【2011四川内江】37.Teachersoftentellus_____intheriverafterschool.A.don'tswimB.notswimC.nottoswim【2011山西】23.Driversshouldn’tbeallowed_____afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A.driveB.drivingC.todrive【2011贵州贵阳】43.Manystudentssaidthattheywerewillingtoworkhardtomaketheirdreams_______true.A.comeB.cameC.comes(2011湖南岳阳中考)22.WouldyoumindmehowEnglishwords?A.tell;torememberB.telling;rememberC.telling;toremember【2011雅安】13.Pleasetellthestudents________toomuchnoiseinclass.A.tomakeB.totakeC.nottotakeD.nottomake(2011大庆)9.Thethiefwasnoticed_____theofficebuildingbythebackdooronthescreen.A.enter B.enterintoC.toenter D.toenterinto【2011本溪】11.Themountain______withsnowallyearround,soit’shardtoclimbit.A.covered B.wascovered C.iscovered D.covers【2011•宁夏】()34.Look!Wecan'tcrossthebridge.It_____bysomeworkers.A.repairsB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.isrepairing()30.【2011凉山】—Ithinkteenagersshould___togettheirearspierced.—Iagreewithyou.A.areallowedB.notbeallowedC.notallowed【2011广西崇左】39Mom!Wouldyoumindme_____tabletennis?A.playB.playedC.toplayD.playing【2011广西贵港】37.WewenttothebeachlastSunday,andwehadgreatfun_____volleyball.A.playB.playingC.playedD.toplay【2011广西贺州】43.Parentsoftenaskus_____waterinourlife.A.save B.savin C.tosave D.saves【2011郴州】28.Theoldmenareplayingchess.Wouldyoumind________________.A.turningdown B.turndownC.turnsdown【2011郴州】29.—WhatcouldIgetmyfatherforFather'sDay? —___________gettinghimatie?A.WhynotB.HowaboutC.Whydon'tyou【2011河源】41.Remember________thebooktothelibrarywhenyoufinish_______it.A.toreturn;toreadB.returning;readingC.toreturn;readingC.returning;toread【2011泰州】8.Atpresent,manypeoplewouldrather_________inthecountrybecausethereis_____pollutioninthecity.A.live,moreB.tolive,lessC.live,lessD.tolive,more【2011重庆江津】( )32.Teachersalwaystellmecomputergamestoomuch. A.nottoplay B.toplay C.notplay D.plays【2011重庆江津】( )39.Sheusedtointhemorning,butnowsheisusedtoatnight. A.read,read B.read,reading C.reading,read D.reading,reading【2011山东烟台】35.WhenIwaswalkingpastthewindow,InoticedWangFei________myhomework.Ireallygot_______.A.copying,annoyedB.copying,annoyingC.copy,annoyedD.copied,annoyed【江西省2011】38.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_________me.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps14.【2011•扬州】Wecanmakeafire______theroomwarmsothatwecanchatforawhile. A.tokeep B.keeping C.keep D.kept【2011湖南怀化】29.—Don’tforget______yourhomework.John.—Ok.I'lldoitrightnow.A.doingB.do C.todo26.【2011•株洲】Tonywants_______ajobasalanguageteacherinChina.A.tofindB.findingC.find【2011•广州】()5.MayIhavearest?Ihavealreadyfinished______thereport.A.writeB.writingC.towriteD.written【2011湖北黄冈】40.—__avolunteerisgreat.—Ithinkso.Someofuswant___volunteersfortheLondonOlympics.A.Being;beingB.Tobe;beingC.Being;tobeD.Tobe;tobe【2011江苏淮安】15.IspendmuchmoretimeplayingbasketballthanI_______formylessons.A.spendtoprepareB.dopreparingC.dotoprepareD.spendprepare(2011

湖南衡阳)24.—Pleasetelltheboysanynoise.Mybabyissleeping.—OK.I’lldoitatonce.A.notmakeB.tomakeC.nottomake【2011山东】28. Ifyouseethecartoonfilm,itwillmakeyou______.A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughing D.laughed【2011新疆阜康】36.Weshouldbemorecarefulmuchtimeoncomputergames.A.nottospend B.tonotspend C.nottocost D.nottaketo【2011四川绵阳】18.ourEnglishteacherencouragesuspartinallkindsofafter-classactivities.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.totaking【2011•四川成都】44.Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystoppedandlayontheground,soweallstoppedwhatwaswrongwithhim.A.torun;toseeB.running;seeingC.running;tosee【2011安徽芜湖】39.—Ioftenhavehamburgersforlunch.—You’dbetter.It’sbadforyou______toomuchjunkfood. A.eat B.toeat C.eating D.ate【2011•盐城】7.IsawLiMingneartheriveronmywayhome.A.playsB.playingC.toplayD.played【2011•盐城】11.Planyourtimecarefullyandmakesureyouhavesometimewhatyoulikeeveryday.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done【2011江苏徐州】15.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided_______.A.togoout B.nottogoout C.tonotgoout D.notgoingout【2011江苏徐州】15.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided_______.A.togoout B.nottogoout C.tonotgoout D.notgoingout【2011桂林】40.MrWangdoeswhathecan________usimproveourEnglish.A.help B.tohelp C.helping D.helped【河北省2011】32.WheneveryouhaveachanceEnglish,youshouldtakeit.speakB.tospeakC.spokeD.speaks【2011•河南省】31.—Whyareyousoexcited?—Peterinvitedme____onatriptoYuntaiMountain.togoB.goC.goingD.went【2011黑龙江绥化市】()28.ThebookiswellworthIplan______one.read,tobuyB.reading,buyingC.reading,tobuyThemovie"Mr.Bean"madeus_____alotlastnight.AlaughB.laughedC.tolaugh【2011四川达州】29.Whenpeoplewanttorelaxthemselves,theypreferTVorlistentomusicratherthannewspapers.A.watching;readB.watching;toreadC.towatch;readD.towatch;reading【2011•四川广元】17.Sinceyouaretired,you’dbetter＿＿＿andhaveagoodrest.A.stoptostudyB.stopstudyC.stopstudying【2011•四川南充】25.Classisbeginning.Pleasestop_.A.talkingB.totalkC.talk【2011四川宜宾】32.Itisveryimportantforus________Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learned（2011四川资阳）25.Boysandgirls,attention,please.Nowletmetellyou____totheBirdIsland.A.howtogetB.whattogetC.whomtogetD.wheretoget【2011天津】38.Tom’smothertoldhim_____eatingtoomuchmeat.A.stoppingB.tostopC.stopsD.stopped【2011广东深圳】9.—Thedoctortoldme____toomuchbutIfinditdifficult.—Thedoctorisright.Thelessyoudrink,______youwillbe.A.don'tdrink;thehealthierB.nottodrink;thehealthierC.nottodrink;themorehealthierD.don'tdrink;healthier【2011贵州贵阳】32.Itisourduty_________ourhometowncleanandbeautiful.Wemustdosomethingforit.A.tokeepB.keepsC.keeping【2011贵州贵阳】36."Foryourcomingvacation,why_________corningtoGuiyang?""Goodidea!"A.notconsiderB.don'tconsiderC.toconsider【2011广西贵港】43.Wastepaper_______everywhere.It’sourdutytokeeptheschoolclean.A.throwsB.arethrownC.shouldn’tbethrownD.shouldbethrown【2011哈尔滨】23.Taketimelorelaxbylisteningtomusic,readingabookorjustspendingsometimealone.

Relaxingallowsyoutoyourstudentswithmoreenergy.

A.returnB.toreturnC.returning【2011乌鲁木齐】25.WaterParkisagoodplace_.A.tohavefunB.havefunC.havingfunD.tohaveafun33.【2011•广西柳州】Mymotheraskedme_____theroom.A.cleanB.cleansC.toclean【2011雅安】19.Kittywouldrather______totheparkthanwatchTV.A.togoB.goC.goingD.goes【2011梧州】41.Bruceoftenasksme______himtoplaytheguitar.A.teachB.toteachC.taughtD.teaches39.Theenvironmentinourtownisgettingworseandworse,somanytrees____.A.areplantingB.shouldbeplantedC.shouldplantD.willplant【2011郴州】27.ThesongBabySister________byZengYike.A.iswritten B.writesC.wrote【2011河源】34