英国文学课件之格列佛游记中的讽刺手法

TypicalfeatureofGulliver’sTravels

——SatireContents1.Backgroundinformation2.TheanalysisofsatireinGulliver’sTravels2.1Thedefinitionofsatire

2.2SatireusedinGulliver'sTravels

2.2.1．Satireofpolitics.

2.2.2.Satireofhumannature.3.CommentonthesatireofGulliver’sTravels

O(∩_∩)O~1.Backgroundinformation:JonathanSwiftwrotethemasterpiecein1726.TheperiodofwritingGulliver’sTravelswasatimeofgreatchangeinBritainandtherestofEurope.TheeighteenthcenturysawtheoutbreakofIndustrialRevolution.Thefactoriesbegantousemachinesandalargepopulationcrowdedintocities,startingthetimesofurbanization,acertainproductofmodernization.Atthistime,Britainexistedtwomajorparties－theWhigs（辉格党）andtheTories（托利党）,representingtheinterestsofnobility(贵族）andfinancialcapitalist（资本家）respectively,theytookpowerbyturns.Thepowerstrugglebetweenthetwopartiesbecamefierce.Wheneveronepartywasinfavorwiththereigningkingandinpowerintheparliament（议会）,itattackedtheotherparty,exilingandimprisoningtheopposition.Thevictimswerealwaysthepeopleunderitsgoverning.

TorevealthecrueltyoftheEnglishrulingclass,SwiftcalledontheIrishpeopletoresisttheoppressionandbecameanadvocatorfortheindependenceofIreland.IntheperiodwhenhewascloselylinkedwiththeIrishpeopleandfirmlysupportedtheirstruggleforindependenceandfreedom,hewrotehismasterpieceGulliver’sTravelswhichwasareflectionofthewidersocial,politicalandethicalordersofEngland.2.TheanalysisofsatireinGulliver’sTravels2.1ThedefinitionofsatireWhentalkingaboutsatire,thefamousChinesewriterLuXunoncesaidthatsatireshouldberealistic;satireshouldnotonlyexposethehideous,butalsogivedirection;andinsatire,thereshouldn'tbeunreasonableexaggeration.AllthesecanclearlybeseeninGulliver'sTravels.Satireistheuseofhumor,irony,exaggeration,orridiculestoexposeandcriticizepeople'sstupidityorvices,particularlyinthecontextofcontemporarypoliticsandothertopicalissues.Satirespreadsliketheshakingwavefromanexplosion,fromlocalviciousnesstoworldwideinhumanity,fromtheLilliputian（小人国）targettothecentersofpowerthroughoutEurope.Gulliver‘sbitternesspointsforwardtohislaterimmersioninmisanthropy（愤世嫉俗）.2.2SatireusedinGulliver'sTravels2.2.1．Satireofpolitics.WhenSwiftstartedwritingGulliver'sTravelsin1726,hehasbeeninpoliticalworkformanyyears.YearsofpoliticalcareerlethimknowthecorruptionofBritishgovernment,alsoaccumulatedalotofmaterialforhiscreation.Gulliver'sTravelscanbeseenasasatiricalepicofpolitics.Inthenovel,Swiftusedirony,exaggeration,contrastandallusiontosatirizethepoliticalsituationofBritishandalsosetsforthhisownpoliticalideals,sothenovelcomprehensivelyreflectedSwift'sthinking.

InLilliputandLaputa，Swiftusedallusionasthemainapproachtouseironytosatirizethecurrentsituation,hesatirizedthecorruptionandtheunrealisticscientificresearch.WhileinBrobdingnag（大人国）andHouyhnhnm（慧骃国）,Gullivermainlyplayedtheroleofthedefence,andexpressedwithcriticismtowardsBritishoreventhewholeEuropebythemouthofthekingofBrobdingnagandtheHouyhnhnms.Atthesametime,SwiftbroughtouthisownpoliticalidealsinGulliver‘sTravels.Heusedalargeamountofcontrastandexaggerationascomplementarymethods,thepurposeistoprovethat:AlthoughthepoliticalsystemofBrobdingnagandtheHouyhnhnmisdifferent,it’swhattheauthorpursuedandadmired.Theyarethepoliticalutopia（乌托邦）whichSwiftpainstakinglyconstructed.contrast1.HighHeeledPartyLowHeeledParty

2.ThewarbetweenLilliput（小人国）andneighbor

3.IntroduceaboutLaputan

（飞岛国）residentsillusoryresearch4.InHouyhnhnms（慧骃国）peopleareintheupsidedownworld.1.theWhigs（辉格党）theTories（托利党）

2.Hundredyear’swarbetweenFranceandEngland3.Doubtaboutsciencetechnology4.Shamandvanityinthecapitalistsociety2.2.2.Satireofhumannature

TheauthoralsostatedthesurveyandthinkingofhumannatureinGulliver‘sTravels.Asanarrator,Gulliver’sstatushasalwaysbeenchanging,whichhasledtothechangeoftheperspective,itwillhelpGullivertoobservethehumannaturemorecomprehensively.Thesatireofhumannatureinthenovelismanifestedinthefollowingaspects:First,fromBrobdingnag（大人国）toLilliput（小人国）一一toperspective;Second,seehumaninsignificancethroughthechangeoftosurveyhumanevilfromtheperspectiveofvaluingtheancientandneglectingthemoderntimes;Third,Struldbrug一一（虚构的永不死亡的人）towitnessthebreakingofthedreamsaboutlivingforalonglife;Fourth,Yahootheultimateironyofhumannature.

Swift'sdepictionaboutYahoohasarouseddissatisfactionoftheresearchers,manypeoplethinkthathetiredofmankind.Infact,hedidnotcomplimentorpraisemankind,butthereisNotonlydidSwiftusesatire,irony,butalsousedinnuendotosatireandcriticizethecontemporarycorruption,folly,andviceofEnglishsociety.ItissoobviousthatKingGeorgeisparticularlythroughoutGulliver'sTravels.TheEmperorofLilliputisaparadigmofadespoticKing,butthecharacteralsospecificallyreflectsonGeorgeI.alsonohatredanddenigrateinhiswriting.FromhispositiveattitudeinBritishandIrishsocialaffairswecanseehisconcernswithhisfellowmen.Hisworksonlyexpressedhisdisappointment,whichanybodymayhave.3.CommentonthesatireofGulliver’sTravels

InGulliver'sTravels,beingputagainstthesatirizedreality,theauthor'sidealsocietycanclearlybeseen.Swiftisbothpracticalandromantic.Byrightofhisoutstandingimaginationandsatiricalskills,hesuccessfullycreat