新高考英语一轮复习练习考向22 阅读理解之主旨大意题(原卷版)

考向22阅读理解之主旨大意题主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?(2)Themaintopic/subjectofthepassageis_________.(3)Themainidea/Thegeneralideais/Themainthemeofthispassageis…(4)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison_________.(5)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(6)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(7)What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(8)Thepurposeofthispassageis.(9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?(10)Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthepassage?(11)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。主旨大意题的分类

1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种

①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综

②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。

2.从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种

①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；

②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；

③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

◆设问特点：

1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等词提问。

◆常考问题：

（1）中心思想类

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…

Thepassageismainlyabout…

Thepassagemainlydiscusses…

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

（2）标题类

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…

（3）目的类

Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…

Thepassageismeantto….

Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1.中心主题句出现在文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。【典例示例】（2018·新课标卷I）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglbalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish.SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31.Whatistheminideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.PeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguagesC.HumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguagesD.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。【答案】C【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。2.主题句出现在文尾在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。【典例示例】ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwophotossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesofmammal(哺乳类动物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.Thewordsalsoread,“Thisisaspeciesofmammal,”butthenwenton:“Itisthemostdestructive(破坏性的)onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”56.Thetextmainlytalksabout________.A.DianeFossey B.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillas D.thefilmGorillasintheMist【答案】C【解析】文章第一段谈到DianeFossey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的，从最后一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。3.首尾呼应的写作方法为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。【典例示例】Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada【答案】D【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。4.中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。【典例示例】【2019·全国卷II，C】MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealtheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemerit,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。31.A【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。5.主题句出现在文章的中间通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。【典例示例】TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethree-dayeventisnotfixedtothesamedateseachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetterattendedbylocals.Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattendthefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthesands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowinganother,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharataketheirturntoshowofftheirwonderfultraditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhornsandbeatdrumsastheydanceindifferentdesigns.Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:theirlong,dark,shinyhairisthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance....67.Thispassagemainlytellsreaders_______.A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestivalB.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestivalC.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestivalD.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestival【答案】A【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“Duringtheopeningceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。答案选A。怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题——高度概括法对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128ChinesefamilynamesonThursdayNov.18th2004inBeijing.话题：Stamps控制性概念：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128Chinesefamilynames标题：Chinaissued1stsetofstampsonfamilynames【典例示例】August8,wasEarthOvershootDay.Calculatedannuallybytheenvironmentaladvocacy(支持，拥护)group,GlobalFootprintNetwork(GFN),itisthedaywhenhumanhasconsumedallthenaturalresources—produce,meat,fish,water,andwood—thatourplanetcanregenerate(再生)inasingleyear.Thismeansthatfortherestof2016,wewillbeusingnaturalresourcesthatareimpossibletoreplace.Forthosethatarealittleconfused,itissimilartospendingyourentireyear’sallowancebyAugustandthenborrowingmoneyfromfriends,knowingfullywellthatyoucannotrepaytheloan.GFNsaysthatthesamethinghappensinthecaseoftheEarth.ThedateofEarthOvershootDayvarieseachyear.Inanideal,fullysustainableworld,weshouldonlyspendwhatwehave.ThismeansthatEarthOvershootDaywouldfallonDecember31,orperhapsevenspillintothefollowingyear,indicatingthatwearesavingsomeresourcesforarainyday.Thatdidhappenin1961,whenweonlyconsumedthree-quartersofwhattheplanetproduced.Unfortunately,thedayhasbeengoinguprapidlysince2014whenitfellonAugust19.In2015,itwasAugust13,andthisyear,theearliestsofar—August8!Theonlywaytosustainthisdemandwouldbetohave1.6earths,whichasweallknow,isnotpossible.Fortunately,expertssaythatthesituationisnotasgrimasitsounds.Manycountriesarealreadytakingstepstoreducecarbonemissions,whichaccountsfor60%ofourecologicalfootprint,byswitchingtosolarorwind-generatedpower.Individualscanalsohelpbyeatinglessmeat,walking,biking,ortakingpublictransportation,aswellasadoptingthethreeR’s:Reduce,Reuse,andRecycle.Ifweallworktogether,wecanhelppushbackEarthOvershootDaytoDecember31,orevenbeyond!27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AWarning:EarthOvershootDayB.ACelebration:EarthOvershootDayC.AReminder:Reduce,Reuse,andRecycleD.AnAdvertisement:GlobalFootprintNetwork【文章大意】本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了EarthOvershootDay。今年在八月八号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了EarthOvershootDay的计算方法。通过介绍EarthOvershootDay，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。【答案】A【解析】今年的EarthOvershootDay是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍EarthOvershootDay告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。【检测训练】1Regardlessofhowfamoustheyare,anddespitethestartreatmenttheyreceive,manycelebritiesmakeitapointtogivebacktocharities.Somehaveevensetuptheirownprivatefoundations.Theirwidelypublicisedvisitstotroubledareasoftheworldhelptoraiseawarenessofissuessuchasfamineandpoverty.AccordingtoJaneCooperofUnicefUK,celebritieshaveauniqueabilitytoreachhugenumbersofpeople,manyofwhommightnototherwisebeengagedincharitablecauses.Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.Butinspiteofthesesuccessesthereisevidencetosuggestthatcelebrityendorsement(代言)maybeoverrated.Inasurveyofmembersofthepublictofindoutifcelebrityinvolvementwouldencouragepeopletodonate,researchersfoundthattheimpactwasnotasgreataspreviouslythought.Whenshownalistofwell-knownorganisationsandfamouspeoplewhorepresentthem,overhalfofrespondentswereunabletomatchthecelebritywiththecause.What’smore,threequartersclaimedthattheydidn’trespondtocelebrityendorsementinanyway.Thesurveyalsoshowedthatafewnamesdidstandoutasbeingassociatedwithparticularcharities.Butthepresenceofacelebrityinacampaign,wasnotasignificantfactorwhenitcametoadecisiontodonatetimeormoney.Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.Inanotherstudyaimedatyoungpeople,mostparticipantscitedacompelling(无法抗拒的)missionastheirmainmotivationtogive.Thesecondmostimportantincentivewasifafriendorpeerrecommendedsupportingaparticularcause.Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.Onepossibleexplanationisthatthereisageneralfatigue(疲倦)withcelebrityculture.Thereisalsoasuspicionthatthestarsaretheonewhobenefitmostwhentheyoffertodocharitywork.Somecriticshaveaccusedthatcelebritiesmightactuallytakeattentionawayfromissuesbyattractingmoreattentionthanthecausestheyrepresent.Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?Whicheverpointofviewyoufavour,thereseemstobeopportunitiesformoreresearchintohowcharitycampaignsmightdeveloprelationshipswithcelebritiestomaximisetheirpotential.Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible”inparagraphIprobablymean?A.Definite. B.Complicated. C.Limited. D.Temporary.2.Accordingtothepassage,mostpeoplecontributetocharitiesbecause________.A.theygainbenefitfromthecharitiesB.theyareforcedtofinishanecessarytaskC.theybelieveinthefamouspeopletheylikeD.theyareinspiredbythepeoplearoundthem3.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout________.A.whatcelebritiesachieveindoingcharitiesB.HowyoungpeoplereacttocelebritycultureC.whyyoungpeoplearehardlyinfluencedbycelebritiesD.whoistoblamefortakingattentionawayfromcharities4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscelebritydoingcharities?A.Objective. B.Positive.C.Negative. D.Unclear.2Inpreviousrecessions(经济衰退),billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittookalmostthreeyearsforForbes’s400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008’sGreatRecession.Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore.BillionairesincreasedtheirnewbillionsjustasmillionsofotherAmericansranintoterriblefinancialproblems.Morethan20millionpeoplelosttheirjobsatthestartofthepandemic.Foodbanksacrossthecountryarepreparingforanothergreatincreaseindemand.WhyareAmericanbillionairesdoingsowellwhilesomanyotherAmericanssuffer?Peoplemayfindpartofthereasonsfromthefollowingfact.Stocks(股票)areoverwhelminglyownedbythewealthy,andthestockmarkethasrecoveredfromitsearly-pandemicdepthsmuchmorequicklythanotherpartsoftheeconomy.Butsomebillionairesarealsobenefitingfromeconomicandtechnologicaltrendsthatwereacceleratedbythepandemic.AmongthesearetheownersandinvestorsofretailgiantslikeAmazon,Walmart,Target,DollarTreeandDollarGeneral,whichhavereportedhugeprofitsthisyearwhilemanyoftheirsmallercompetitorsweredefeatedcompletelyasthecoronavirusspread.ThentherearecompaniesthathavebetontherapiddigitizationofeverythingEricYuan,thechiefexecutiveofZoom,becameabillionairein2019.Nowheisworthalmost$20billion.DanGilbert,thechairmanofQuickenLoans,wasworthlessthan$7billioninMarch,nowhecommandsmorethan$43billion.Butthereisagreatdealofstratification(层化)evenamongbillionaires—richerbillionairesgotevenricherin2020thanthepooreronesdid.JeffBezos,Amazon’sfunder,wasworthabout$113billionatthestartofthepandemic.Nowheisworth$182billion.Twoyearsago,Bezoswastheonly“centibillionaire”onearth—thetrendyneologism(anewword)forpeoplewhosewealthexceeds(超过)￥100billion.5.Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?A.FoodbanksarenotenoughintheUnitedStates.B.Therichestkeptgettingrichereveninthepandemic.C.Thestockmarketrecoveredbeforethepandemicstarted.D.400richestpeoplerecoveredfromlossesinthepandemic.6.Whatis“partofthereasons”thatisimpliedinParagraph2?A.TheAmericaninequality.B.Therecoveryofstockmarket.C.Theeffectofthepandemic.D.Thefoodshortageacrossthecountry.7.Whatisoneofthechangesduringthepandemic?A.Thedeclineofdigitalgames.B.Moremoneylenttopeoplebybanks.C.Thetrendoftechnologyacceleration.D.Highprofitearnedbysmallercompanies.8.Whydoestheauthorreferto“centibillionaire”asa“neologism”?A.Itisanewtitleinthestockmarketaftertherecession.B.Itisanewwayofsolutiontopovertythroughtheworld.C.Itisanewlyestablishedcompanyduringthepandemic.D.Itisanewtermforpeoplewhosewealthexceeds$100billion.3HaveyoueverheardaboutBlackFridayandCyberMonday?Surely,theyareallaboutfindingthebestdealsonholidaygiftsforyourselfandfamilymembers.AndhaveyouheardaboutGivingTuesday?Hereissomethingaboutit!GivingTuesdayisobservedannuallyontheTuesdayafterThanksgiving,whichencouragespeopletohelpthoseinneedbymakingfinancialdonationsordoinggoodintheirlocalcommunity.The“GlobalDayofGiving”wasstartedin2012byNewYorkCitynonprofit92ndStreetYandtheUnitedNationsFoundation.UnlikeBlackFriday,GivingTuesdayservesamorealtruisticpurpose.Initsfirstyear,themovementbroughtinalmost$10millionforcharities,andthingshaveonlyimprovedsince.In2019,manyGivingTuesdaysocialmediacampaignsworldwidehelpedraiseanamazing$1.9billionfrom27milliondonors!Overthepastfiveyears,manyhighereducationinstitutionshavealsobeenusingtheTuesdayafterThanksgivingtoaskalumnifordonations.In2019,theUniversityofMichigan,whichcallsitBlueday,received5887giftstotalingover$4million,whilePennsylvaniaStateUniversityraised$710000tobenefitover85Universityprograms.Thoughdonatingmoneycertainlyhelps,therearemanyotherwaystosupportthegreatcause,especiallyduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Youcanvideotutorkidsstrugglingwithonlinelearning,orteamupwithanadulttogetgroceriesormedicationsforanelderlyneighbor.Alternatively,callonyourpeerstohelpyouwithaserviceprojectthataddressesanissueclosetoyourheart,orpickonefromtheseveralideassuggestedontheGivingTuesdaywebsite.Youcanalsodonateyourgently-usedclothesandtoystolocalshelters,ormailahandwrittennotetoagrandparentorafriendyoumissseeing.WhatareyougoingtodotomakeapositivedifferenceinyourcommunityonGivingTuesday?Letusknowbyaddingyourcommentsbelow!9.WhydoestheauthormentionBlackFridayandCyberMondayinParagraph1?A.Tomakeacomparison. B.Toleadtothetopic.C.Toarousereaders’interest. D.Toexpresshisdoubt.10.What’stheaimofGivingTuesday?A.Topromotethedevelopmentofeconomy. B.Toattractpeopletobuymoreholidaygifts.C.Tocallonmoreuniversitiestodonatemoney. D.Toencouragepeopletohelpthoseinneed.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic”inParagraph3mean?A.Selfless. B.General. C.Specific. D.Complex.12.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Wherepeoplecanoffertheirkindhelp. B.WhatpeoplecandoonGivingTuesday.C.HowpeoplecanstaysafeduringCOVID-19. D.Whypeopleneedtosupportthegreatcause.4Morgan’sWonderland,locatedinSanAntonio,Texas,isathemeparkmainlyintendedformentallyorphysicallydisabledchildren.TheparkwasbuiltbyGordonHartman,aformerrealestate(房地产)developer.Thecreationoftheparkwasinspiredbyhisdaughter,Morgan,whosuffersfromseverecognitivedelayandphysicalchallenges.Theworld’sfirstultra-accessiblefamilyfunpark,Morgan’sWonderlandopenedinthespringof2010.Admissionforguestswithspecialneedsisfree,andfeesforthegeneralpublicaresetatamuchdiscountedpricesothatpeopleofallagesandabilitiescancometogetherandplayinafunandsafeenvironment.Completelywheelchair-accessible,theparkfeatures25acresofattractionsincludingrides,playgrounds,acatch-and-releasefishinglake,andpicnicareasthroughoutthepark.Theridesarecustom-designedtoaccommodatewheelchairriderssothateveryfamilymembercanenjoythefun.TheadaptedridesincludetheOff-RoadAdventure,whereguestscantesttheirdrivingskillsinsportyvehicles.Moreover,eachvisitorisofferedtheoptiontowearaGPSAdventureBand,whichallowsthemtokeeptrackofeachotherwhileinthepark.Thebandalsoenablesthemtotakepartinelectronicactivities.Forexample,whentheridersscanthebandattheOff-RoadAdventure,aphotowillbetakenandsenttotheiremail.InJune2017,Morgan’sWonderlandcelebratedtheopeningofMorgan’sInspirationIsland.ThenewexpansioniscomposedoffivethemedsplashpadsandaRiverBoatAdventureRide.Thewheelchairguestscanbemovedoutoftheirchairsintounique,waterproofchairsandenjoythesplashparkwithoutriskingdamagetotheirpersonalwheelchairs.“Morgantaughtmethatthere’smoretolifeinmanywaysthanwhatIsawbefore,”saidHartman.“TheblessingthatMorganhasbroughtisbeyondanythingthatIevercouldhaveimaginedandcouldexplain.”13.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThenewadditiontoMorgan’sWonderland.B.Theestablishmentandfeaturesofaspecialthemepark.C.TheadvancedtechnologicaldevicesinMorgan’sWonderlandD.Theneedsofpeoplewhosufferfromphysicalandmentaldisabilities.14.Whatdoes“ultra-accessible”inthesecondparagraphimply?A.It’seasyforallvisitorstousethefacilities.B.Admissionisfreeforpeopleyoungandold.C.Wheelchairsareprovidedforeveryfeaturedattraction.D.Morgan’sWonderlandissituatedinaconvenientlocation.15.Whatdoestheparkprovidetopreventpersonalwheelchairsfrombeingdamaged?A.SafeBoats. B.Water-resistantcloth. C.GPSbands. D.Specialchairs.16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutMorgan’sWonderland?A.Waterproofchairsenablevisitorstowonderalloverthepark.B.Morgan’sInspirationIslandincludes25acresofattractions.C.ThesuccessoftheparkisexactlywhatMorganintendedtoachieve.D.GPSbandsallowvisitorstoenjoytheconvenienceoftheelectronicdevices.5Notlongago,LindaKhanwassittingbyahospitalbedinHouston,feelingillatease.Besideherlayherfatherwhoneededaheartsurgery.Thetwoofthemhadengagedinnothingbutdepressingsmallta