新高考英语一轮复习练习考向33 完形填空之议论文类(原卷版)

考向33完形填空之议论文类文体分析议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文，它涉及的范围要小得多。英语议论文主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点，但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。不管是在汉语中，还是在英语中，议论文都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法），这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此，典型的议论文一般就由序论（提出问题，即what）、本论（分析问题，即why）和结论（解决问题，即how）三个部分构成，其具体的结构模式又有以下三种：模式一：引言段（提出观点）——正方论点心（支持作者的观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者的观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）在这种模式中，文章主体段（中间部分）的每一个部分论述一个论点，这些论点以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的论点在最后面，以示强调。模式二：引言段（提出观点）——反面意见（反方观点+作者的反驳）、正方论点1（支持作者观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）在这种模式中，文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳，以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。模式三：引言段（提出观点）——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）在这种模式中，作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点，然后再进行反驳。英语议论文的语言特点

由于与其他文体相比，英语议论文类似英语说明文，因此，它具有英语说明文的一些语言特点，比如：时态较为统一，多用现在时；强调语言表达的客观性；尽可能指明信息来源等等。但作为一种独立的文体，英语议论文在语言上也有一些自己特有的表达形式：

1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子

与英语说明文相比，英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己的观点，因此，在词语表达上除了客观之外，还必须注意委婉。在英语中，常用虚拟语气，让步状语从句和情态动词can，could，may，might，would，should等。请看下面两组有关“面试在招生过程中的重要性”的文字：

（1）Nooneshouldbeadmittedinto（招收进）collegewithoutapersonalinterview（面试）.Whatcanadmissionspeople（招生人员）tellfromapieceofpaper？Theycantellnothing.Onlywhentheyseeastudentfacetoface，cantheydecidewhatkindofapersonheis.

（2）Thoughadmissionspeoplecanlearnsomethingsfromapieceofpaper，suchashowwellapersonwritesandwhatheisinterestedintheremaybemanyotherthingsthatanapplication（申请表）cannottellbutcanonlybeseeninapersonalinterview.Thewayapersontalks，thewayhethinksaboutandanswersquestions，thewayhereacts（反应），areallimportantfactsofapersonwhichcannotbefoundonapieceofpaper.

两段文字都强调“大学生入学必须面试”，但相比之下，例（2）用了情态动词，though引导的让步状语从句等表达方式，语气较为委婉，更容易为读者所接受。

2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等词语结构

英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻辑性，因此，往往较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和连接词，常用的包括：since（既然），nowthat（既然），therefore（因而），consequently（因此），accordingly（因此），hence（因而），inthatcase（在那种情况下），because（因为），so（所以）。另外，还有些句型也常出现在英语议论文中，比如：Itfollowsthat…（因而……），If…，wemayconcludethat…（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……），Shoulditbethecase（如果是这样的话……），Idon'twantto…，but…（我并不想……，但是……），Ifyouadmit…，then…（如果你承认……，那么……），Itistruethat…，but…（诚然……，但是……），Evenif…（即使……）等。（1）如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达：Manypeoplewillsoonfindthemselvesrichingoods，butraggedinspirit.（注：句中richin与raggedin，goods与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果。）（2）如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达：

Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.（注：句中theadvantages与thedisadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。）（3）如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：

Theyhavenoticedagrainoftruthinthestatements，buthaveignoredamoreimportantfact.（注：句中havenoticed与haveignored，agrainoftruthinthestatements与amoreimportantfact具有正反对比的关系和效果。）（4）如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达：

Itwillhavebothnegativeandpositiveeffectsbysodoing.（注：句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果）3.使用重复。英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。（1）如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达：

Nowisthetimetoforgeteverythinginthepast.Nowisthetimetogetdowntothebusiness.Nowisthetimetoworkhardforthefuture.（注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的nowitthetimeto）（2）如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达：

Welongforsuccessandweareworkinghardforsuccess.（注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的forsuccess.）（3）如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”，可以这样表达：

Iamconvincedthatwecansucceed，andIamconvincedthatwemustsucceed.（注：and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的Iamconvincedthat与句尾的succeed）（4）如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”，可以这样表达：Wearenowlivinginanewera，andaneweraofreformisalwaysfullofventuresandchances.（注：and之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为anewera.）

4.使用倒装倒装是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。例如，如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：

Nowoncomingtousistheneweraofreformfullofventuresandchances.5.使用转义转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。（1）如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”，英文可为：

Whathadbeenexperiencedinthepastwasalwaysloominginmemorylikeapicture.（注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词）（2）如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”，英文可为：

OurEnglishteacherisourbestEnglishdictionary.（注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词）（3）如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”，英文可为：

IamreadingShakespeare.（注：此句采用换喻，换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物的名称，使用通过联想理解其含义，但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来表达的）（4）如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”，英文可为：

Ahandisneededhere.（注：此句采用提喻，提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人）题型分析一、题型特点议论文文体的完形填空一般是直接提出论点，通过论据论证，最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。议论文文体的完形填空一般都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象）、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法）这三个要素构成，这也是一个提出问题→分析问题→解决问题的过程。另外，英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己的观点。因此，在词语表达上除了客观之外，还比较注重委婉。作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can,may,might,could,would,should等情态动词。为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性，往往较多地使用像since,nowthat,therefore,inthatcase,because,so,but,however等过渡词和连接词。三、解答技巧把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意【典例示例】Allofusgothroughsomedifficulttimesasweapproachteenageyears.It'stheagewhenwehavetodealwiththemost36_____inourlife.Thistransition(过渡）fromchildhoodtoadulthoodis37_____forsome,butroughforothers.Themostimportantthingaboutbeingateenageris38______.Whenweareteenagers,wewouldgetblamedorevenpunishedforanythingwrongwedo.36.A.chancesB.changesC.feelingsD.expectations【解析】：在这个阶段我们需要面对生活中的很多改变(changes)。37.A.smoothB.practicalC.demandingD.necessary【解析】：从童年到成年的过渡，对有些人来说是很顺利的(smooth),但是对另外一些人来说却很艰难。此处用smooth“顺利的”，和后面的rough相对应。38.A.knowledgeB.independenceC.confidenceD.responsibility【解析】：根据此空的下一句“当我们成为青少年时，我们会因犯错受到责备甚至是惩罚”可知，此处表示“成为青少年最重要的一件事就是责任（responsibility)”。【答案】：36.B37.A38.D把握作者的观点和态度议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是襄还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。【典例示例】Youdonothavetotrainyourself6_______tofeelthepsychologicalbenefitsofexercise.Whatreallymattersis7______,notintensity(强度）ofyourexercise.Youcantrywalkingfor30minutesfivetimesperweekorsimplygardeningonweekends.6.A.hardB.everywhereC.carefullyD.late【解析】：根据下文作者强调运动的关键是频度而不是强度可知：你训练的时候强度没必要很大，故选A。7.A.timeB.lengthC.formD.frequency【解析】：根据文章最后一段给出的建议每周五次散步可知，运动的关键是频度而不是强度，故选D。time“次”；length“长度”；form“形式，表格”；frequency“频度，频率”。【答案】：6.B7.D论点、论据互相结合，找出选项正确答案一般说来，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相惊，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，这样才能选出正确答案。【典例示例】Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI'vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherplaces.We'dallbein54_______ifwehadn'tbandedtogether.TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It'snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself;it'sabout55_______wecanallgetbytogether54.A.yardsB.sheltersC.campsD.cottages【解析】：如果不是大家齐心协力，那么我们都将会栖身于避难所，因此选shelters。55.A.whenB.whatC.whetherD.how【解析】：D本句点明中心：美国梦不是关于一个人能够获得什么，而是关于我们在一起如何去实现它，因此选how。【答案】：54.B55.D4.通篇阅读，围绕主题（论点）推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后，一篇完整的文章便呈现出来，此时，要注意一定要通读全文，以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离，以求更高的准确度。【检测训练】1Mycarsweepingpastthegreenpastures(草地),Ifeltthecoolbreezeonmyface,eyesclosed.Thebreezefeltrefreshingly1andgavemea2ofnewlydefinedfreedomandhappiness.Thebreezesuddenlycametoa

halt3thecarstoppingduetoabitoftraffic4bythegrazingofsomecutelambs.Climbingoutofthecarinexcitement,I5Iwasinanewworld,6myonlycompanionwasthesparklingbeautyofnatureallaroundme.Standingthere,I7understoodthemeaningoffreedom!Inthisfastpacedworld,wheresmartphonesarea(n)8andlifewithoutinternetmightjustbethenextsteptoinsanity(疯狂),we’ve9thesimplepleasuresinlife.Just10foramomenttoaskyourself11it’sbeensinceyou’vejust

sat

downforawhile,doingabsolutely12yetfeelingperfectlyhappyandcontented!Peopletendtofindhappinessincommoditiesor13aroundthem,buttheperfectplacetostartsearchingforhappinessis14withinyou!Happinessislikea15.Itcanbespreadtoothers,ifonlywearewillingtosplash(撒)afew16onourselves!Truehappinessissaidtobe17whenwearethe18behindaperson’sbeautifulsmileandimmensehappiness!Sothenexttimeyouseesomeoneupsetorfeelinglow,19themabitofyourtimeandsupport.Itdoesn’tcostmuch,butdoublesthehappinessinyour20!1.A.familiar B.new C.old D.strange2.A.sense B.kind C.type D.matter3.A.as B.since C.with D.for4.A.happened B.occurred C.invented D.created5.A.realized B.thought C.recognized D.discovered6.A.which B.when C.where D.what7.A.suddenly B.finally C.gradually D.immediately8.A.necessity B.equipment C.tool D.treasure9.A.conducted B.finished C.remembered D.forgotten10.A.wait B.stop C.hold D.stay11.A.howlong B.howoften C.howmany D.howmuch12.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything13.A.things B.goods C.data D.basics14.A.correct B.right C.proper D.suitable15.A.river B.well C.spring D.perfume16.A.drops B.bottles C.pieces D.bags17.A.made B.achieved C.developed D.grew18.A.possession B.component C.part D.reason19.A.bring B.take C.lend D.give20.A.soul B.mind C.heart D.spirit2NineyearsagowhenIwenttoanEnglishcornerforthefirsttime,nobodytriedtotalktome.However,Ihavenowbecomea(n)21

participantattheEnglishcorner.Ialwaysgivea(n)22smiletonewcomers.TherehavebeentimeswhenIfeelunableto23thosewhohaveanexcellentcommandofEnglish.ButaslongasIrememberthe24

Ireceivednineyearsago,Ifeelbetter25

forthechallenge,forI26

thereisnopointinbeingsorryformyowninabilityandtheonly27wayforwardistostartagainfromtheverybeginningwithfull28.Thedeterminationtostartagainindicatesyour29

ofthemanyopportunitiesahead.You’veall30

readthenovelGonewiththeWind,andare31

byScarlett,theheroine,whobringsherselfandthefamilythroughthe

32

yearsoftheCivilWarandReconstructionandregainsherfootinginAtlanta.Attheendofthebook,shesays33,“Afterall,tomorrowisanotherday.”Scarlett’spersistence(坚持)andself-confidenceinfaceofdifficultyprobably34

theever-appealingattractionofthecharacter,andtheeverlastingpopularityofthenovel.Itistruethattheageinwhichweliveisnot35.Therearealotofhardshipsandbarriersahead.But,ifwe36

thatwealwayshavetomorrowbeforeus,wewillnotbethat37

witheverythingaroundusnow.Tomorrowwillbeanewday.Thisisthe38

onwhichwerely.Withthisfaith,wewill39

allthatwasdisagreeableyesterdayanddiscovergoldenopportunitiestoachievethatwhichwe’veneverbefore40.21.A.rude B.anxious C.careless D.active22.A.grateful B.encouraging C.familiar D.winning23.A.keepupwith B.takepridein C.getridof D.makefunof24.A.advice B.training C.treatment D.protection25.A.allowed B.prepared C.blamed D.supported26.A.suspect B.know C.promise D.remember27.A.serious B.awkward C.proper D.bearable28.A.schedule B.determination C.curiosity D.puzzlement29.A.share B.experience C.memory D.awareness30.A.probably B.gradually C.obviously D.frequently31.A.impressed B.annoyed C.scared D.confused32.A.recent B.golden C.romantic D.bitter33.A.casually B.wrongly C.hopefully D.naturally34.A.admit B.explain C.predict D.reduce35.A.perfect B.reasonable C.meaningful D.difficult36.A.declare B.forget C.realize D.doubt37.A.patient B.busy C.connected D.dissatisfied38.A.pride B.reality C.faith D.benefit39.A.throwaway B.showup C.seekfor D.dependon40.A.analyzed B.accepted C.designed D.obtained3Itisalmostimpossibletobeleftaloneinadigitalworld,wherepeoplearemeanttobeconnected.Inthisrespect,digitaltechnologieshave41ourlife.Thepossibilitytobeconnectedallthetimehasbroughtourpersonalspacetoa(n)42aswe'veknownit.Peoplehavebecomeso43intheworldofnetworksthatonecanoftenbecontactedevenifthey'drathernotbe.Todaywecantalk,textande-mail,notonlyfromour44,butfromourmobilephonesaswell.Mostpeoplehavebecome45ondigitaltechnologysimplybecauseithasbecomeanecessarypartoflife,andatthispointnot46itwouldmakethemansocialoutsider.47,manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobeconnected.Fromthispointofview,beingreachablemightfeellikea48tothosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes.Butsolitude(独处)stillcanbepossibleforthosewho49wantit.Computerscanbe50andmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.Ofcourse,thechoicetobe“off”and“on”hasmany51aswellasdisadvantages.Whentravelersendup52inmountains,andmobilephonescanmeanlifeordeath,althoughtheycanalsomakepeoplefeel53andforcedtoanswerunwantedcalls.Actually,attitudestowardsdigitaltechnologiesasasociety54widely.Somefindthemagift.Othersconsiderthemacurse.Whetheryoulikeitornot,it'shardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthe55indigitaltechnologies.41.A.reshaped B.respected C.ignored D.preserved42.A.alarm B.stage C.end D.balance43.A.sensitive B.intelligent C.considerate D.reachable44.A.neighbors B.computers C.friends D.monitors45.A.impressed B.hard C.dependent D.focused46.A.finding B.using C.protecting D.changing47.A.Also. B.Instead. C.Otherwise. D.Therefore.48.A.pleasure B.benefit C.burden D.shame49.A.slightly B.barely C.merely D.really50.A.soldout B.brokenup C.shutdown D.joinedin51.A.aspects B.advantages C.weaknesses D.exceptions52.A.hidden B.lost C.relaxed D.deserted53.A.trapped B.excited C.confused D.amused54.A.vary B.arise C.spread D.exist55.A.hopes B.tests C.interests D.achievements4Afamoustheoristoncesaid,“Idon’tdividetheworldintotheweakandthestrong:orthesuccessesandthefailures...Idividetheworldintothelearnersandthenon-learners.”Whatonearthwouldmakesomeoneanon-learner?Everyoneisbornwithanintense56tolearn.Babiesrisetothelearningchallengedaily.Notjustfor57tasks,butthemostdifficultonesofalifetime,likeleaningtowalkandtalk.Theyneverdecideit’stoohardornotworththe58.Babiesdon’tworryaboutmakingmistakesor59themselves.Theywalk,theyfall,they60.Whatputsanendtothisfearlesslearning?Afixedmindset.Assoonaschildrenbecomeabletoevaluatethemselves,someofthembecome61ofchallenges.Theyworryaboutnotbeing62.Myresearchteamhavestudiedthousandsofpeoplefrompreschoolerson,andIt’sbreathtakinghowmany63anopportunitytolearn.Weofferedfour-year-oldsa64：theycouldredoaneasyjigsaw(拼图)ortryaharderone.Evenatthisyoungage,childrenwithafixedmindsetstuckwiththe65one.Theybelievesmartkidsdon’tmake66.Childrenwithagrowthmindset,however,thoughtitwasa67choice.Whywouldanyonewanttokeepdoingthesamepuzzle68?Theychoseincreasinglydifficult-onesinstead.Believingthatsuccessisaboutlearning,childrenwithagrowthmindsetseizedthechance.Butthosewithafixedmindsetdidn’twanttoexposetheir69.Thisishowafixedmindsetmakespeopleinto70.56.A.fear B.drive C.competition D.concentration57.A.crucial B.mental C.ordinary D.particular58.A.attention B.effort C.interest D.time59.A.confusing B.behaving C.punishing D.hurting60.A.getup B.giveup C.showup D.shutup61.A.afraid B.ashamed C.confident D.ignorant62.A.adorable B.curious C.modest D.smart63.A.seize B.ruin C.reject D.require64.A.lesson B.choice C.gift D.game65.A.challenging B.interesting C.new D.simple66.A.decisions B.jigsaws C.mistakes D.predictions67.A.strange B.promising C.profitable D.difficult68.A.repeatedly B.unwillingly C.automatically D.properly69.A.secrets B.thoughts C.preferences D.weaknesses70.A.theorists B.perfectionists C.non-learners D.risk-takers5Thelazybeachvacationsandstudy-abroadyearsaregonebecauseofthepandemic（流行病）.Many,whobelievetravelisintheirgenes,findit71tobekeptinthesameplaceforsolong.MyfriendJamesisoneofthemandisgrowingboredandupset,72fortheoldtravellingdays.Howtopullthroughthedepressingsituation?Therearemanywaystoanswerthequestion,but“being73isnotoneofthem.Peoplealwayshaveastrong74tobeonthego.However,itshowsourtrueabilitywhenthatdemandcan'tbe75instantly.Travelisagoodwaytomeetnewpeopleand76newthings,butwehave77ifwecan'tmakeit.Wecangooffthe78pathandtravelintheoff-season.Byconnectingwithcommunitiesandspendingourmoneyinwaysthatsupport79,itwillbeamoremeaningfulwayto80thedifferencesthatmaketheworldcolorful.Wecanplanatripinsteadwhilewecan't81bethere.“Expectationsplaya82roleinourlife.Andourfuture—mindednesscanbeasourceof83ifweknowgoodthingsare84Ineveryway,travelisagreatthingto85,”saidMatthewKillingsworth,aprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania.So86atripisnearlyasenjoyableasactuallytakingone.Makingplansisitsown87Itmakesusrememberthereisabig,88worldoutthere.Manyofus,meincluded,havetakenwhatwehaveforgranted.TomSwick,atravelwriter,tellsmehe89toviewtravelasaroutine."Now,Ilookforwardtoexperiencingitasa90,”sayshe.71.A.unbearable B.unpredictable C.unreliable D.uncertain72.A.heading B.competing C.switching D.longing73.A.optimistic B.active C.desperate D.hesitant74.A.pressure B.sorrow C.fancy D.desire75.A.reserved B.satisfied C.explained D.ignored76.A.experience B.recover C.risk D.provide77.A.curiosity B.alternatives C.advances D.regret78.A.hidden B.broken C.beaten D.frozen79.A.hobbies B.shelters C.fictions D.locals80.A.refuse B.appreciate C.decrease D.avoid81.A.mentally B.rarely C.physically D.merely82.A.negative B.mild C.valueless D.significant83.A.concern B.chaos C.independence D.joy84.A.offthetrack B.intheway C.aroundthecomer D.tothepoint85.A.lookforwardto B.lookdownon C.lookoutfor D.lookbackat86.A.canceling B.plotting C.adjusting D.denying87.A.reward B.focus C.price D.form88.A.frightening B.rolling C.appealing D.resting89.A.used B.hoped C.agreed D.wanted90.A.service B.gift C.trend D.play6Certainty：Over-ratedandOver-rewardedTypethewords“kindof”or“perhaps”intoanemailinMicrosoftOutlookandtheprogrammightwelltellyoutothinkagain.IftheAl-powered“MicrosoftEditor”judgesthatyouarenotsounding91enough,itwillsoongiveyouawordofwarning：“Wordsexpressinguncertaintywill92yourimpact.”Tome,thissuggestionpreciselyexpressessomethingwe’vegotwronginsociety.Weliveinaworldthat93thosewhospeakwithconfidence-evenwhenthatismisplaced-andgivesverylittleopportunitytoperformtothosewho94doubt.“Wetendtolistentothoseexpertswhotellusasimple,clearandconfidentstory.Why?Becausethat’s95satisfying,”saysDanGardner,authorofFutureBabble,“That’ssayingletmesweepawaytheuncertaintyforyou’.”Researchshowsthatthehumanbrainis“programmed”tohate96：a2016studyfoundthatwhenvolunteersweregivenelectricshocks,theirstresslevels