2024-2025学年高二上学期期中模拟考试英语试题（全解全析）（北京专用）

2024-2025学年高二上学期期中模拟卷（北京卷）英语（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：100分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．难度系数：0.65。5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。Sportsareimportantinourfamily.Bothofoursonswerehigh-schoolathletes.So,Ishouldn’thavebeen1whenLaurenannouncedshewasgoingoutforthegirls’basketballteam.ButIwas,becauseshehasDownsyndrome(唐氏综合症).MywifeandInevertoldLaurenthatshewas2.Wetreatedherlikeourotherchildren.Wedidn’twanthertofeeldisabled.“I’mgonnaplaybasketball,Daddy.”LaurenrantomeetmewhenIcameinfromwork.Sheflewintomyarmsandlingeredlonginmyembrace.“That’s3,honey,”Ipattedhershoulderandwalkedintothekitchen.Mywifespokeslowly,hertonesteady.“WhatLauren’stryingtosayisthatshe’sjoiningthegirls’high-schoolbasketballteam.”Herwords4in.Everythingthatcouldhappenflashedthroughmymind.Butwhatcouldwedo?Mid-November,theseason’sfirstbasketballgamearrived.Itgotofftoagoodstart,butsoonVerden,Lauren’steam,wasbehind.Lauren5followedthemovementonthecourtandreactedtoeveryshot.Eventhoughshewasn’tplaying,shelookedasifshewerehavingthetimeofherlife.Justlessthantwominuteswereleft,andVerdenwasdownbyseventeenpointswhenLaurenwascalledinforthegame!She6theothersfairlywell.Fromheragilemovementandeagerexpression,Iknewshewasdesperatetoscoreforherteam.ThentheypassedLaurentheball.She7it.Sheshot.Shescored!Afewminuteslater,Laurenjoinedusinthestands.“Didyousee?Iscored!Imadea8!”Forsixteenyears,I’dtriedhardto9Laurenfromfeelinglikeshewasdifferent.ButwatchingLaureninthegame,Isawthatshereallywasdifferent—notphysicallyoremotionally,but10.1．A．disappointed B．surprised C．depressed D．embarrassed2．A．normal B．ordinary C．different D．typical3．A．awful B．strange C．hard D．nice4．A．sank B．poured C．came D．kicked5．A．frequently B．carelessly C．attentively D．repeatedly6．A．keptpacewith B．gavewayto C．putupwith D．brokeawayfrom7．A．threw B．missed C．cast D．caught8．A．mistake B．record C．mess D．basket9．A．excuse B．shelter C．discourage D．prohibit10．A．consciously B．spiritually C．literally D．socially【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．A5．C6．A7．D8．D9．B10．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女孩劳伦，她有唐氏综合症，但是她的父母一直以来都没有告诉她这个事实，并且对她和其他孩子一样对待。Laure表现出对篮球的兴趣，并加入了女子篮球队。在一场比赛中，虽然她被叫上场的时间很短，但她成功地投篮得分，这让她感到非常自豪。通过这次比赛，父亲意识到劳伦的不同之处不仅仅是身体和情感上的，而是她对生活的态度。1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，当劳伦宣布她要参加女子篮球队时，我不应该感到惊讶。A.disappointed沮丧的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.depressed沮丧的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“ButIwas,becauseshehasDownsyndrome”可知，对于正常的孩子来说参加篮球队是不应该感到惊讶的，但因为劳伦有唐氏综合征，她要参加篮球队这是让作者惊讶的。故选B。2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子从未告诉劳伦她与众不同。A.normal正常的；B.ordinary普通的；C.different不同的；D.typical典型的。根据“Wetreatedherlikeourotherchildren.Wedidn’twanthertofeeldisabled.”可知，作者和妻子从未告诉劳伦她与众不同，作者对待她与对待其他的孩子是一样的。故选C。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太好了，亲爱的。A.awful糟糕的；B.strange奇怪的；C.hard困难的；D.nice愉快的。根据““I’mgonnaplaybasketball,Daddy.””可知，劳伦告诉作者其要参加篮球队，作为父亲，作者表示赞同。故选D。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的话被理解了。A.sank沉入，被理解；B.poured倾倒；C.came来到；D.kicked踢。根据““WhatLauren’stryingtosayisthatshe’sjoiningthegirls’high-schoolbasketballteam.””可知，作者理解了劳伦的话即劳伦想说的是她要加入女子高中篮球队。故选A。5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：劳伦专注地注视着场上的动作，对每一个投篮都做出反应。A.frequently经常地；B.carelessly不小心地；C.attentively注意地；D.repeatedly反复的。根据“reactedtoeveryshot”可知，劳伦专注地注视着场上的动作，对每一个投篮都做出反应。故选C。6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她能跟上其他人步调，跟的相当好。A.keptpacewith跟上；B.gavewayto让位给；C.putupwith忍受；D.brokeawayfrom逃离。根据“theothersfairlywell”可知，她能跟上其他人步调，跟的相当好。故选A。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抓住了球。A.threw投掷；B.missed错过；C.cast投掷；D.caught抓住。根据“ThentheypassedLaurentheball.”可知，队友们把球传给了劳伦，劳伦接住了球即抓住了球。故选D。8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我投进球了！A.mistake错误；B.record记录；C.mess混乱；D.basket投篮得分。根据“Iscored!”可知，劳伦进球了。故选D。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：16年来，我一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与众不同。A.excuse借口；B.shelter提供保护；C.discourage使泄气；D.prohibit禁止。根据“fromfeelinglikeshewasdifferent”可知，作者一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与众不同。故选B。10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但看着比赛中的劳伦，我发现她真的与众不同——不是身体上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。A.consciously有意识地；B.spiritually精神上地；C.literally文字地；D.socially社交地。根据“notphysicallyoremotionally”可知，看着比赛中的劳伦，作者发现她真的与众不同——不是身体上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。故选B。第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ATheworldwillobserveInternationalMuseumDayonMay18th.Since1977,thisday11(celebrate)bytheInternationalCouncilofMuseumsannuallytoraiseawarenessoftherolethatmuseumsplayinthedevelopmentofsociety.Thedayisanexcellentwayof12(get)moreoftheyoungergenerationsinterestedinthehistoryandcultureavailableinmuseums.Everyyear,theorganization13(decide)onanewtheme.Andthethemefor2023isMuseums,SustainabilityandWell-being.【答案】11．hasbeencelebrated12．getting13．decides【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是国际博物馆日。11．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自1977年以来，国际博物馆理事会每年都会庆祝这一天，以提高人们对博物馆在社会发展中所起作用的认识。由Since1977可知，句子时态用现在完成时，由by可知，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/hasbeendone，主语thisday是单数，因此空格处是hasbeencelebrated，故填hasbeencelebrated。12．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一天是让更多的年轻一代对博物馆的历史和文化感兴趣的好方法。fo是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故填getting。13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每年，该组织都会决定一个新的主题。由Everyyear可知，句子时态用一般现在时，主语organization是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填decides。B阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Smartphonesarebecomingmoreandmoreofanecessityforhighschoolstudents.Therefore,adiscussionwasheldabout14theseniorschoolstudentsshouldusesmartphonesatschool.People15(support)theideaconsideritconvenienttocontactthestudents’parentswhennecessary.However,peoplewhoareagainstitfindsomestudentsareaddictedtoplayingthesmartphoneseasily,whoseeffectontheirstudiesisquiteworrying.Itiseven16(bad)thatsmartphonescanalsodiscouragestudents’will.【答案】14．whether15．supporting16．worse【导语】本文是一篇说明文。上周学校就高中生是否应该在学校使用我们的智能手机举办了一次讨论会，文章描述了讨论的结果。14．考查宾语从句。句意：因此，就高中生是否应该在学校使用智能手机进行了讨论。空格处引导的是宾语从句，根据语境可知，句子表示“就高中生是否应该在学校使用智能手机进行了讨论”，空格处意为“是否”，about是介词，只能用whether引导从句。故填whether。15．考查非谓语动词。句意：支持这一想法的人认为在必要时联系学生家长很方便。句中谓语是consider，空格处用非谓语动词，People和support之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填supporting。16．考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，智能手机也会打击学生的意志。even修饰比较级，bad的比较级是worse，故填worse。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Readingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,wecan17(mental)travelacrosstimeandspace.Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe’refacedwithadifficulttext.18(make)itaneasier,morerewardingexperience,you’dbetterreadinprintwheneverpossible.Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyesarelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthose19screen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysicalpagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapoftheinformation,20inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.【答案】17．mentally18．Tomake19．on20．which【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阅读是一种独特的人类体验。阅读时，我们应该尽可能地阅读纸质书。17．考查副词。句意：只要我们的眼睛掠过一些单词，我们就可以在精神上穿越时空。根据句意和所给形容词mental分析句子可知，空格处应该填入mental的副词形式mentally作状语，修饰谓语动词。故填mentally。18．考查不定式。句意：为了让阅读变得更容易、更有意义，你最好尽可能地阅读纸质书。根据句意和所给动词make分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式tomake作目的状语。故填Tomake。19．考查介词。句意：这样做的一个原因是，与屏幕上的单词相比，我们的眼睛更不太可能跳过印刷的单词。根据句意和空格后的名词screen可知，空格处应该填入介词on和名词screen搭配，onscreen（在屏幕上）。故填on。20．考查定语从句。句意：此外，在实体页面上浏览内容有助于大脑对信息进行心理映射，这反过来又使其更容易在未来记住细节。根据句意分析句子可知，inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.是一个非限制性定语从句，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替前面句子的内容在从句中作主语，所以，应该用关系代词which。故填which。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGrandCanyonNationalParkLocatedinnorthernArizona,theparkcovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverandnearbyuplands.Oneofthemostawesomeexamplesoferosion(侵蚀)

intheworld,GrandCanyonisunmatchedintheincomparableviewitofferstovisitors.ParkOpeningsandClosingsTheVillageandDesertViewontheSouthRimareopenallyearandparkentrancesremainopen24hoursaday.NorthRimfacilitiesopenmid-Mayandclosemid-October.Parkentrancesremainopen24hoursadayduringthistime.Hoursforvisitorcentersandbusinessesvarythroughouttheyear.ParkInformationTheparkproducesaPocketMapwithaNorthRimandSouthRimeditionthatcontainsamapandinformationaboutservices,facilities,andparkrangerprograms.ItisavailableinFrench,German,Italian,Spanish,andChinese.Ahikingbrochureisavailableforthoseplanningtohikeoneofthepark’smaintrailsdownintoGrandCanyon.Obtainpublicationsatentrancestations,visitorcenters,or/136oil.AccessibilityTheterrain(地形)isruggedwithnarrow,rockytrailsandsteepcliffs.Visitorsusingwheelchairsorhavingvisualdisabilitiesmayneedassistance.FormoreinformationaboutaccessibilityinGrandCanyonNationalPark,see/1rtxl2.ParkEntranceFeesAdmissiontotheparkus$35perprivatevehicle;$30permotorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringtheparkthroughGrandCanyonRailway,parkshuttlebus,walking,orridingabicycle.Thepasscanbeusedforsevendaysandincludesbothrims.Payfeesatparkentrancestationsoratsomebusinessesoutsidethepark.EveryyeartheNationalParkServiceoffersentrancefeefreedays.Forcompletefeeinformation,please/y5uu6f.SustainabilityGrandCanyonNationalParkinvolvessustainabilityinallaspectsofitsoperations.UseyourrefillablewaterbottletofilluponfreeGrandCanyonspringwateratvisitorcentersandgrocerystores.Recyclingcontainersareconvenientlylocatedandascommonastrashbins.Discoverwhatelseyoucandotoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletravelinghereandbeyond.at/lb2rzt.21．Peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiescanfinddetailedinformationonparkfacilitiesdesignedforthembyvisiting_________.A．/lrtx12 B．/y5uu6fC．/136ojl D．/lb2rzt22．Whatistheadmissionfeeifyouandyourparentsplantogoonasix-dayvacationtoGrandCanyonNationalParkbydrivingacar?A．$95. B．$60. C．$35. D．$70.23．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Visitorshaveyear-roundaccesstoeverycornerofthenationalpark.B．HikerswhocanonlyspeakChinesecannotexploretheNorthRimwithoutaguide.C．VisitorsareforbiddentoleaveanytrashintheNationalParktomaintainsustainability.D．TheGrandCanyonfeaturesisoneoftheworld’smostvisuallybreathtakinglandscapes.【答案】21．A22．C23．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了GrandCanyonNationalPark的相关信息，包括公园的位置、覆盖范围、公园的开放和关闭时间、公园的信息、可达性、入园费用以及可持续性等方面。21．细节理解题。根据文章“Accessibility”部分中的“Theterrain(地形)isruggedwithnarrow,rockytrailsandsteepcliffs.Visitorsusingwheelchairsorhavingvisualdisabilitiesmayneedassistance.FormoreinformationaboutaccessibilityinGrandCanyonNationalPark,see/1rtxl2.(地形崎岖，有狭窄的岩石小径和陡峭的悬崖。使用轮椅或有视力障碍的访客可能需要帮助。欲了解大峡谷国家公园的更多信息，请访问/1rtxl2。)”可知，残障人士可以访问/1rtxl2了解为他们设计的公园设施的详细信息。故选A。22．推理判断题。根据文章“ParkEntranceFees”部分中的“Admissiontotheparkus$35perprivatevehicle;$30permotorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringtheparkthroughGrandCanyonRailway,parkshuttlebus,walking,orridingabicycle.Thepasscanbeusedforsevendaysandincludesbothrims.(每辆私家车入园门票35美元；每辆摩托车30元；通过大峡谷铁路、公园班车、步行或骑自行车进入公园每人20美元。该通行证可使用7天，包括两个轮辋。)”可知，每辆私家车入园门票35美元，且通行证可使用7天。由此可知，如果你和你的父母计划开车去大峡谷国家公园度假6天，那么费用应为35美元。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“LocatedinnorthernArizona,theparkcovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverandnearbyuplands.Oneofthemostawesomeexamplesoferosion(侵蚀)intheworld,GrandCanyonisunmatchedintheincomparableviewitofferstovisitors.(该公园位于亚利桑那州北部，覆盖了277英里的科罗拉多河和附近的高地。大峡谷是世界上最令人敬畏的侵蚀范例之一，它为游客提供了无与伦比的景色。)”可知，大峡谷的风景是世界上最令人叹为观止的风景之一。故选D。BIwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic(义肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8,Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwaswearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn’tneedanyonetofixme.ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IwasselectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen’sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI’dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld’smostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iwasabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthebetterofme.WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,Idecidedtotrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24．Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause________.A．shewaslongingforfame B．sportsgaveherself-confidenceC．shewantedtodefeatherdisability D．herprostheticdeviceempoweredher25．FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned________.A．morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsB．thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC．socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiesD．technologyshiftedpeople’sattitudestodisability26．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Intelligentandbrave.B．Warm-heartedandpatient.C．Responsibleandstrong-willed.D．Independentandinnovative.27．Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould________.A．maximizeone’sabilitiesbyembracingrealityB．buildone’ssocialcirclewithoptimismC．sticktoone’sgoaltoachievesuccessD．takeiteasyindifficultsituations【答案】24．C25．D26．C27．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小身患残疾，失去左臂，但是并不气馁，参加运动证明自己并不受到残疾的限制并帮助他人的故事。24．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者爱上了所有的运动，因为她想战胜自己的残疾。故选C。25．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.(比如艾米·珀迪（AmyPurdy）和尼克·胡哲（NickVujicic），他们利用科技和社交媒体的力量，不加解释地展示了轮椅或假肢。人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会开始把一个人放在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位。)”可知，人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会开始把一个人放在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位，即科技改变了人们对残疾的态度。故选D。26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者意志坚定；根据文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通过分享我的历程，我能够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益)”可知，作者分享自己的历程是想帮助他人，让他人从中受益，作者是一名有责任心的人。故选C。27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通过分享我的历程，我能够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益。这就是我戴仿生手的原因不是因为我坏了，而是因为我有机会增强人类已有的能力。)”可知，作者戴仿生手的原因是为了增强人类已有的能力，即我们应该拥抱现实，最大限度地发挥自己的能力。故选A。CbroccoliWhenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.Theseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.ThesameenzymesarealsolockedawayinthecellsofBrassicavegetableslikebroccoliandcauliflower.Whenwechewbroccoli,theseenzymesspilloutoftheirstoragecontainerswhilethoseinourmouthstarttowork.Theseenzymesbreakdownacompound(化合物)calledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetables,andthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules(分子).Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson’ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.Accordingtothesepaststudies,whendifferentadultsconsumebroccoli,therecanbeahugedifferenceinhowmanyunpleasantsmellsthefoodletsoffastheirsaliva-borneenzymesbreakittobits.Buttheauthorswonderedwhetherthesamedifferencecanbeseeninkids,whoareusuallymoresensitivetobitterandsourtastes.Theysuspectedthatkidswhosesalivaproducedthemostsmelly,SMCSO-sourcedcompoundswouldshowthestrongestdislikeforbroccoli.

Andtheteam’snewstudyprovedtheirassumption.Whilebothadults’andkids’salivaproducedsmellycompoundswhenexposedtocauliflower,thesesmellsdidnotinfluencewhetheradultslikedthevegetable.Ontheotherhand,kidswhosesalivaproducedhighconcentrationsofthesesmellsreportedhatingcauliflowerthemost.Thenewstudyincluded98pairsofparentsandchildrenaged6to8.Aftertakingsamplesofeachparticipant’ssaliva,thescientistsmixeditintorawcauliflowerpowder.TheymeasuredtheSMCSO-sourcedsmellcompoundsletoffandfoundeachparticipant’ssalivageneratedadifferentquantityofsmells.

Interestingly,thedegreeofsicklysmellproductionwassimilarbetweenparents’salivaandtheirchildren’s.Thisindicatesthatparentsandkidslikelycarrysimilarbacteriaintheirmouths,whichwouldcausethemtoproducesimilarlevelsofcysteinelyases.Oursensesoftasteandsmellarestrongestinyouth,whichmaymakekidsevenmoresensitivetothesedifferencesinflavor.Thesamepreferencepatternisnotseeninadults,whoalsoproduceplentyofbadsmells.ThissuggeststhattheadultscametotoleratethetasteofBrassicavegetables.Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore.28．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thefunctionofmouthbacteria.B．Thecauseofanunpleasantflavor.C．ThefeatureofBrassicavegetables.D．Theformofenzymesinourmouth.29．Whatdopreviousstudiesindicate?A．SMCSO-breakdowndependsonvariousenzymes.B．EnzymesdeterminethetasteofBrassicavegetables.C．Individualsreleasevaryingamountsofsmellmolecules.D．Kidsproducingthemostsmellshatebroccoliparticularly.30．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Wemightacceptsomefoodsthroughrepeatedexposure.B．Thelevelofsmellsmayaffectanadult’stastepreference.C．Parents’andtheirkids’saliva-borneenzymesdon’tmatch.D．Kids’salivacouldproducehigherconcentrationsofsmells.31．Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?A．Toexplainafoodpreference.B．Tointroducearesearchmethod.C．Toillustrateabiologicalprocess.D．Toshowthediscoveryofanenzyme.【答案】28．B29．B30．A31．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们之所以在吃到西兰花的时候觉得难吃是因为口腔唾液中的一种特定的酶。28．主旨大意题。根据第一、第二段“Whenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.Theseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.(当端上花椰菜或西兰花时，一些孩子会厌烦地转身离开。不要责怪他们，一项新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能会让一些孩子觉得这些蔬菜很难吃。这些酶被称为半胱氨酸裂解酶，是由口腔中的细菌产生的。)”可知，这两段主要解释了为什么吃西兰花的时候会觉得难吃，也就是解释了难闻的味道的起因。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据第四段“Theseenzymesbreakdownacompound(化合物)calledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetables,andthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules(分子).Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson’ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.(这些酶在这些蔬菜中分解一种叫做SMCSO的化合物，这个分解过程将这种化合物转化为有强烈气味的分子。先前对成年人的研究表明，人唾液中半胱氨酸裂解酶的活性水平决定了SMCSO的分解程度。这反过来又影响了这些蔬菜对成年人而言尝起来的味道。)”可知，这些酶决定了西兰花的味道。故选B。30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore(这些发现与过去关于我们的口味如何随时间变化的研究一致：我们可以通过多吃来克服对某种食物的厌恶。)”可知，通过不断地接触，我们可以接受某种不太喜欢的事物。故选A。31．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.(当端上花椰菜或西兰花时，一些孩子会厌烦地转身离开。不要责怪他们，一项新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能会让一些孩子觉得这些蔬菜很难吃。)”可推断，作者写这篇文章主要介绍了一个新的研究发现。故选D。DLastfall,Ihappenedtooverhearastudenttellingtheothershehaddecidednottosignupforanintroductoryphilosophy(哲学)course.Thedemandsofhismajor,besaidseriously,meantheneededtotake“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”wouldsimplyhavetowait.Fornow,employabilitywasthemostimportant.Thestudents’conversationfitsintoalargeralarmingwordabouttheroleofthehumanitiesinhighereducation.Inatimeofdizzyingtechnologicalachievementandofrapidscientificinnovation,scepticsofthehumanitiesmayquestiontheusefulnessofstudyingAristotle,theItalianRenaissance(文艺复兴)orChinesefiction.Actually,Iregretnotinterruptingthatstudenttoarguefortakingthatintroductoryphilosophycourse.Iwouldhavestartedbyremindinghimthat,formuchofAmerica’shistory,collegegraduateswerenotconsideredtrulyeducatedunlesstheyhadmasteredphilosophy,literature,politicaltheoryandhistory.Thekeyroleofhighereducationwastoinvitestudentsintotheconversationsaboutmatterslikewhatitmeanstobealiveandthedefinitionofjustice.Fostering(鼓励)engagementwiththesesubjectsisstillanessentialpartoftheuniversity’sfunctioninsociety.Iwouldhavealsomentionedtothestudentthathewasmisinformedaboutthejobmarket.Itistruethatmanyemployersarelookingforgraduateswithspecializedtechnicalskills,buttheyalsolookforothercapabilities.Astheworldistransformedbyartificialintelligence,machinelearningandautomation,theuniquehumanqualitiesofcreativity,imaginationandmoralreasoningwillbetheultimatecoinoftherealm.Alltheseskillsaredevelopedinhumanitiescourses.Further,Iwouldhavearguedthatwhileadegreeanchoredinthesciencesisanimportantpreconditionformanyjobs,itisnottheonlyroute.LooknofurtherthanthefoundersofcompaniessuchasLinkedIn,SlackandFlickr,whoareamongthemanytechbusinesspersonswithdegreesinthehumanities,andwhocreditthattrainingfortheirsuccess.Farfromthewidelyheldbeliefthathumanitiesmajorshaveahardtimegettingjobs,recentstudiesshowthatthosewithhumanitiesdegreesaresuccessfulintheworkplace,experiencinglowratesofunemploymentandreportinghighlevelsofjobsatisfaction.Theratiobetweenaveragemedian(中位数)incomesforhumanitiesdegreeholdersandthosewithbusiness,engineering,andhealthandmedicalsciencesdegreeshasbeenshowntonarrowoverthecourseofacareer.Thecaseforthehumanitiescanalsobeunderstoodinlesstransactional(事务性的)termsandmoreasafoundationalpreparationforalifewelllived.Ahumanitieseducationplaysavitalroleinencouragingcitizenstoleadanexaminedlife.Itfosterscriticalthinking,self-reflection,empathyandtolerance,theusefulnessofwhichonlybecomesmoreapparentasonenavigateslife’schallenges.Byallmeans,studentsshouldtakecoursestheythinkpracticalandfollowtheirinterests,butiftheyalsomakeapointofstudyingtheliteratureoftheRenaissance,orresearchingintomodernpoetry,oreventakingintroductoryphilosophy,wewillallbenefit.32．Whatdothestudents’conversationshow?A．Studentsfeelemploymentdifficult.B．Studentsthinkphilosophylessimportant.C．Studentsfindscientificinnovationamazing.D．Studentsconsideruniversitycoursesunsatisfying.33．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymean?A．Equallyapplied. B．Highlyvalued.C．Strictlyassessed. D．Greatlyimproved.34．Theauthormayagreethathumanities___________.A．providegreatinsightsintolife B．preparestudentsforgraduationC．discoverstudents’artisticability D．raiseawarenessofsocialcelebrity【答案】32．B33．B34．A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人文学科在高等教育中的重要性，提出文科教育不仅对个人成长有利，也对社会发展不可或缺。32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Lastfall,Ihappenedtooverhearastudenttellingtheothershehaddecidednottosignupforanintroductoryphilosophy(哲学)course.Thedemandsofhismajor,besaidseriously,meantheneededtotake“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”wouldsimplyhavetowait.Fornow,employabilitywasthemostimportant.(去年秋天，我无意中听到一个学生告诉其他人，他决定不报哲学导论课程。他严肃地说，专业的要求意味着他需要学习“实用”课程，而“启蒙”只能等一等。目前，就业能力是最重要的。)”可推测，学生认为哲学并没有其他课程重要。故选B。33．词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“Itistruethatmanyemployersarelookingforgraduateswithspecializedtechnicalskills,buttheyalsolookforothercapabilities.(的确，许多雇主都在寻找具有专业技术技能的毕业生，但他们也在寻找其他能力。)”可知，雇主也在寻找其他能力。而根据划线短语主句“Astheworldistransformedbyartificialintelligence,machinelearningandautomation,(随着世界被人工智能、机器学习和自动化所改变，)”可知，人工智能、机器学习和自动化将改变世界，由此可推测，人类独特的创造力、想象力和道德推理能力会显得“尤为重要、有价值”。选项B“Highlyvalued.(高度重视)”与划线短语相似。故选B。34．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thekeyroleofhighereducationwastoinvitestudentsintotheconversationsaboutmatterslikewhatitmeanstobealiveandthedefinitionofjustice.Fostering(鼓励)engagementwiththesesubjectsisstillanessentialpartoftheuniversity’sfunctioninsociety.(高等教育的关键作用是邀请学生参与对话，讨论生命的意义和正义的定义。促进对这些学科的参与仍然是大学社会职能的重要组成部分。)”根据第五段“Looknofurther