Unit+1+Back+to+School+课后作业- 高一英语译林版（2020）必修第一册

英语·作业·（1）（2）·M1U1（一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效高阅读单词知意1.thinkingn.2.facilityn.3.well－roundedadj.4.tipn.5.techniquen.6.workshopn.7.professionaladj.n.8.materialn.adj.9.postern.10.secondaryadj.11.toughadj.12.optionn.13.buttern.14.puddingn.15.calligraphyn.核心单词练通1.n.道路；小路；成功的途径2.n.机会，时机

3.n.目标；进球得分

4.vt.同等重视；（使）保持平衡；权衡重要性

n.均衡，平衡；平衡能力5.n.个人

adj.单独的，个别的6.n.品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字7.adv.（时间、空间）向前；提前8.adj.（学校）为11或13岁以下儿童设立的；地位（或级别）低的；青少年的

n.职位较低者；青少年运动员9.n.细节；具体情况

10.vt.以……为基础（依据）

n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营11.vt.提醒，使想起

12.n.目的，目标

vi.&vt.力争做到；目的是；针对13.n.风格；方式；样式14.n.&vt.交换；交流；兑换15.上午，午前16.下午，午后17.n.生物学单词拼写1.It’snotwhatdifficultieswemeetthatshapesourlives，butwhat（态度）wetaketofacethem.2.NotuntilthendidIrealizewordscouldbepowerfulinboth（正面的）andnegativeways.3.Asastudent，itisourdutytoworkhardand（获得）moreknowledge.4.Inthefuture，caringfortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantasearth’snatural（资源）runout.5.Mayyoucontinueinyour（努力）andacquirenewandgreatersuccess.6.Atpresenthealthandenvironmentalproblemshaveincreasinglybecomethe（焦点）ofattention.7.I’malsointerestedtolearnsomefolkdances，whichwillhelpme（改进）mydancingskills.8.Thebestwaytoturn（潜力）intorealityisthroughmuchhardwork.9.Attheendoftheparty，theBrownsthankedtheir（主人）andwentawayhappily.10.Todayismyfirstdayat（中学的）highschoolandI’mwritingdownmythoughtsaboutit.1.n.&vt.挑战；质疑→adj.有挑战性的2.n.进步，进展；前进，行进vt.&vi.发展，进步→adj.高级的；先进的3.adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→adj.吃惊的→n.惊讶；惊愕→vt.使吃惊4.n.信心，信任；把握→adj.自信的5.adj.相等的；平等的；相当的n.同等的人（物）linkingv.与……相等vt.比得上→adv.同样地；相等地；公平地→n.平等；相等6.adj.有责任，负责；可靠的→n.责任7.adj.自主的，有主见的；自立的→n.独立；自主8.n.提议，建议，动议→vt.提议，建议9.n.闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器vt.使惊恐，使害怕→adj.担心的；害怕的→adj.使人害怕的；扰乱人心的10.n.贡献；捐款；捐赠→vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助11.adv.幸运地，幸亏→adj.幸运的→n.机会；运气；大笔的钱12.vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应）→n.吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物→adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的1.Janewavedherhandmadeflag，cryingforhelp.（fortunate），thehelicopterflewoverheadandnoticedpoorJane.2.Whatismakingenvironmentalistsisthatthenaturalresourcesarebeingabusedatanrateanditwouldleadtotheruinofthewholeplanet.（alarm）3.Thoughthetaskis（challenge），wearecertainthatwewillsucceedintime.4.Withthehelpofthetechnology，wecancompletethetaskin.（advance）5.Muchtomy，hewasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.（amaze）6.Hegaveherasmileandhiswasagreatcomforttoher.（confident）7.Theyounglawyerwastothejob，buthedidn’tgetinwages，whichlethimdown.（equal）8.Shesaidthemediacompaniesmusttakemoreandbeforthesociety.（responsible）9.Thewriterpersonally￡5，000totheearthquakefundlastweekandallhisweregratefullyreceived.（contribute）10.TheGreatWallisatourist，whosesceneryis，anditalargenumberoftouristseveryday.（attract）（二）分组识练短语——不枯燥·求实效第一组1.存在于，在于

2.能够处理

3.起作用，有影响

4.充分利用，尽情享受

5.利用

6.最后但同样重要的

7.盼望，期待

8.由于

第二组1.坚持；固守，维持

2.随着时间流逝，久而久之

3.迫不及待地

4.参与，参加

5.最后，终于；及时

6.注意

7.对……负责

8.（整齐地）铺开，展开；阐述；讲解；说明；规划

巩固练习1.Ifyouthechallenges，youwillhavetheopportunitytogethighlypaid.

2.Thebeautyofthecitytheuniquestyleofitsbuildings.

3.Everyonehashisspecialskillsandinterests，andonlybydiscoveringthemcanhetruly.

4.Theytriedtheirbesttothechancethattheirschoolofferedtostudyhard.

5.Wehaveonlyafewhourssowemustourtime.

6.Whenyoustartajob，youmustit.AndIbelieveyou’llsucceedintime.

7.WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching，mostChinesepeoplegohome.

8.I’msorryI’mtoobusyrecentlytorespondtoyouremail.

9.Ourteamwillavarietyofactivities，likesomenationalcompetitions，onbehalfofourschool.

10.IknowI’llhavetostudyharderasaseniorhighschoolstudentandmyfuture.

一、阅读理解A

Weassumeexerciseimprovesourmentalhealth.Butwhatkindofexerciseworksbest?Researchersanalyzedtheeffectofdifferenttypesofexercise.Theylookedatthelinkbetweenphysicalactivitiesandmentalhealthandfoundteamsportswerethebest,followedbycycling,eitherontheroadorastationarybike.Physicalactivitiestypicallyperformedingroups,suchasteamsportsandgymclasses,providedgreaterbenefitsthanrunningorwalking.

Researchersratedmentalhealthbasedonasurvey.Itaskedrespondentshowmanydaysinthepreviousmonththeirmentalhealthwas“notgood”duetostress,depressionorproblemswithemotions.Peoplewhoplayedteamsportslikesoccerandbasketballreported22.3%fewerpoormental-healthdaysthanthosewhodidn'texercise.Thosewhoranorjoggedfared19%better,whilethosewhodidhouseholdchores11.8%better.

Theyfoundteamsportsmayhaveanextrabenefitbecauseofthesocialcomponent,andyogaortaichicanpromotemindfulness,whichisoftentoutedasbeneficialformentalhealth.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatthosewhoexercisebetween30and60minuteshadthebestmentalhealth

with45minutestheoptimalduration.Exercisingthreetofivetimesaweekcorrelatedwithfewerdarkdays.“Over90minutesofexerciseandthereisn'tanextrabenefit,”Dr.Chekroudsaid.

Thestudyanalyzedtheexercisehabitsandmentalhealthof1.2millionUSadults,basedonself-reportedanswerstosurveyquestionsfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Itwasn'tarandomizedcontrolledstudyandjustanassociationbetweenexerciseandbettermentalhealth.Itcan'texplainifpoormentalhealthcausespeopletoexerciselessorexercisecausespeopletohavebettermentalhealth.（1）Whichexercisewillbesthelptocheerupthedepressed?A.Runningandjoggingoutdoors.B.Playingsoccerandbasketball.C.Doingsomehouseholdchores.D.Cyclingorridingastationarybike.（2）Whatdotheresearcherssayaboutteamsports?A.Theyboostself-esteem.B.Theyofferinnerpeace.C.Theyinvolveinteraction.D.Theyhelpachievegoals.（3）WhatDr.Chekroudsaidmeansthat_______.A.moreexerciseisn'talwaysbetterB.exercisehabitsdecidementalhealthC.exerciseleadstobettermentalhealthD.mentalhealthcausespeopletoexercise（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatsportsworkbestformentalhealth?B.Moreexercise,bettermentalhealth!C.Lessexercise,poormentalhealth!D.Whatisthegoodeffectofexercise?B

You'llneedtotakeadeepbreathbeforehearingthisnews.Anastonishing93%ofkidsaroundtheworldliveinenvironmentswithairpollutionlevelsthataredamagingtheirhealth,accordingtoanewreportbyWHO.

Airpollutionistoblameforthedeathsof543,000kidsunder5in2016,withmorethanoneinfourdeathsofchildrenunderfiveyearsoldbeingrelatedtoenvironmentalissues.Exposure(暴露)toairpollutioncandamagethehealthofkidsinavarietyofways,eithercausingorbeingassociatedwitheverythingfromlowbirthweighttochildhoodobesityandsoon.

"Thelargetollofdiseaseanddeathrevealed(揭示)bythesenewdatashouldresultinanurgentcalltoactionfortheglobalcommunityespeciallyforthoseinthehealthdepartmentWHOstated."Strongactiontoreduceexposuretoairpollutionoffersanopportunitytoprotectthehealthofchildren."Thereportstressedthathealthexpertsshouldcommunicatewithfamilies,communitiesandpolicy-makersabouttheseriousrisksofairpollutionexposure."Althoughmoreresearchesintohowairpollutionaffectschildren'shealthwillcontinuetobevaluable,thereisalreadyevidencetojustifystrong,swiftactiontopreventthedamageitclearlyproduces,"WHOadded.

Diseasecausedbydirtyairismorecommoninlow-and-middleincomecountries,especiallythoseinAfrica,South-EastAsia,andWesternPacificregions.Poorcountriesintheseareashavethehighestlevelsofexposuretohouseholdairpollutionduetotheuseofpollutingfuelsandtechnologiesforbasicneedslikecooking,heatingandlighting.

Advisedsolutionsincludecleanertransport,cleanercookingandheatingfuelsandtechnologiesenergy-efficienthousingandurbanplanning,saferindustrialtechnologiesandbetterwastemanagement.（1）Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thewaytofightairpollution.B.Theseriousresultofairpollution.C.Theillnesseschildrenaresuffering.D.Thedeathscausedbyairpollution.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"toll"inParagraph3mean?A.Number.B.Threat.C.Fact.D.Report.（3）Whatarehealthexpertsaskedtodo?A.Domoreresearches.B.Findwaystofightairpollution.C.Maketheseriousrisksknown.D.Developcleanerfuelsandtechnologies.（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Researchesofthiskindhavestopped.B.Airpollutioncaused543,000kids'deathin2016.C.Nothingcanbedonetostopairpollutionalpresent.D.Airpollutionismoreseriousinlow-and-middle-incomecountries.C

Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.Sincethe1980s,somehavespokenoutagainstcoffeeasharmfultohealth,whileothershavewelcomedcoffeeforitssupposedbenefitstohealth.

Accordingtoascientificreport,mildcoffeeconsumption,threetofivecupsperday,canbetakenasahealthydietarypattern,alongwithotherhealthfulbehaviors.ThereportalsosaysthatcoffeeconsumptionhelpsreducetheriskofheartdiseaseanditprotectsagainstParkinson'sdisease.

AccordingtoDr.DonaldHensrudofMayoClinic,highconsumptionofcoffeehashealthrisks.Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.Somestudiessaidthatdrinkingtwoormorecupsofcoffeedailycanactuallyincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseinthesepeople.

AccordingtoconclusionsfromarecentstudyledbyDr.GregoryMarcus,adoctorfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,dailymoderateconsumptionofcaffeine,lessthan4cups,isnotassociatedwiththeseissues.

Untilthescientificcommunityreachesageneralagreementontheeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhumanhealth,itwillbeuptotheindividualtodecidewhetherthebenefitsofdrinkingcoffeearegreaterthantherisks.

Wheninformedofthesepossiblehealthbenefitsandharmsofdrinkingcoffee,Harwood,ahighschoolstudentstated,"Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart,coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake."（1）Whatisthepeople'sattitudetowardstheeffectsofcoffeeonhealthaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Disapproving.B.Tolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Mixed.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"moderate"inParagraph4probablymean?A.Personal.B.Slight.C.Reasonable.D.Heavy.（3）WhatcanweinferaboutHarwood?A.He'llkeepondrinkingcoffee.B.Heloveshishighschoollife.C.Heoftenfallsasleepinclass.D.Hehassomehealthproblems.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhyPeopleLoveCoffee?B.HowCoffeeAffectsHealth?C.TheCultureofCoffeeDrinking.D.TheNewFindingsofHeartDisease.二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Scientistsfindthathardworkingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Careerwomenare1thanhousewives.Evidenceshowsthatthe2areinpoorerhealththanthejob-holders.Astudyshows3theunemploymentrateincreasesby1%,thedeathrate4correspondingly(相应地)by2%.Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint:workis5tohealth.Whyisworkgoodforhealth?Itis6workkeepspeoplebusy,awayfromlonelinessandsolitude(孤独).Researchesshowthatpeoplefeel7,worriedandlonelywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Instead,thehappiestarethosewhoare8.Manyhighachieverswholovetheircareersfeelthattheyarehappiestwhenworkinghard.Workservesasa9betweenmanandreality.Bywork,people10eachother.Bycollective(集体的)activity,theyfindfriendshipandwarmth.Thisishelpfultohealth.Thelossofwork11thelossofeverything.Itaffects(影响)manspirituallyandmakeshimliableto(易于)12.13,workgivesoneasenseofachievement(成就感).Workmakesonefeelhis14andstatusinsociety.Whena15finisheshiswritingoradoctorsuccessfully16apatientorateacherseeshisstudents17,allofthemwillbehappybeyond18.Fromtheabovewecan19theconclusion(结论)thatthemoreyou20,thehappierandhealthieryouwillbe.Letusworkhard,studywellandliveahappyandhealthylife.1.A.clevererB.healthierC.weakerD.worse2.A.beautifulB.injuredC.joblessD.sick3.A.wheneverB.whetherC.thoughD.since4.A.staysB.changesC.fallsD.increases5.A.helpfulB.equalC.harmfulD.familiar6.A.whereB.thatC.whyD.because7.A.luckyB.seriousC.cheerfulD.sad8.A.busyB.freeC.lazyD.empty9.A.riverB.gapC.channelD.bridge10.A.comeupwithB.havecontactwithC.lookdownuponD.lookupto11.A.meansB.explainsC.becomesD.matches12.A.peac