全国统考2025届高考英语一轮复习模块一需要变形的词名词形容词和副词第1讲名词讲义教案

PAGE模块一须要变形的词:名词、形容词和副词第1讲名词Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebration(celebrate)withlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.2.(2024·浙江高考)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(浇灌)theirfields.3.(2024·浙江高考)OtherAmericanstudiesshowednoconnection/connections(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.4.(2024·全国Ⅱ卷)Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.Ⅰ.语法填空二谨记1.依据语境标记词推断名词(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时,要想到名词;(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。2.依据规则确定名词单复数(1)假如空格处被these,several,many和数词等修饰时,要考虑用名词的复数形式;(2)假如一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,要考虑用名词的复数形式;(3)在平常学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则,方能解决好此类问题。Ⅱ.短文改错1.(2024·全国Ⅰ卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.(chopstick改为chopsticks)2.(2024·全国Ⅲ卷)Mymomisreallyconcernedwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.(families改为family)3.(2024·全国Ⅰ卷)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly.(player改为players)4.(2024·全国Ⅰ卷)LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.(chicken改为chickens)Ⅱ.短文改错二定法1.名词是否可数(1)误把不行数名词当作了可数名词;(2)在该用复数的地方误用为单数,或反之。2.推断名词单复数及其全部格依据名词本身属性及其前的修饰限定成分推断为可数名词,还是不行数名词,从而确定单复数;依据其前后词汇,推断是否用全部格;依据上下句的逻辑关系来推断单复数和全部格。一、可数名词的数可数名词变复数的规则变更可数名词变复数形式时一般在名词后面加-s或-es。变更形式如下表:构成方法例词一般在词尾加-smap→maps,sea→seasgirl→girls,day→days以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es(stomach除外)class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i,再加-escountry→countriesfactory→factories以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾干脆+-sholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys以-o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-spiano→pianosphoto→photos有些在词尾加-eshero→heroespotato→potatoes以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f或-fe为-v,再加-esleaf→leaves,knife→knives,wife→wives,wolf→wolves加-sbelief→beliefs,chief→chiefs,proof→proofs,roof→roofs,gulf→gulfs,safe→safes可数名词变复数的不规则变更名词变复数不规则变更的形式如下表:构成方法例词增加字母child→children,ox→oxen变更名词中的元音字母或其他形式man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice单复数同形sheep,deer,series,means,fish,species表示“某国人”的名词加-sAmerican→Americans,German→Germans,Greek→Greeks单复数同形Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的,将-man和-woman分别改为-men,-womenEnglishman→Englishmen二、不行数名词不行数名词(1)不行数名词没有复数形式,也不行以与不定冠词连用。最常见的不行数名词有:fun,baggage,change(零钱),furniture,hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress,traffic等。(2)不行数名词的量有两种表示方法:①用some,much,alittle,alotof,abitof,plentyof等表示多少。留意:既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不行数名词连用的有:plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof,mostof等。②用单位词表示,用a...of表示。如acupoftea,apieceofpaper。不行数名词与可数名词的转化(1)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。如:※Thepotatoisavegetable,notafruit.土豆是一种蔬菜,不是水果。※Mydoctortoldmetoavoidfattyfoodssuchasbaconorhamburgers.我的医生叫我避开吃油腻的食物,如咸肉或汉堡包。(2)特别物质名词的数量表示:当要表示“一场/段/件/种……”等意思时,某些物质名词前可用不定冠词,但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。如:※Aheavysnowwasfalling.当时正下着一场大雪。※Afinerainbegantofall.起先下起一阵小雨。另外,表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等,可以用a(n)或数词修饰,也有复数形式。如:※Twoteasandacoffee,please.请来两杯茶和一杯咖啡。※Iorderedtwocoffeesandanice-cream.我叫了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不行数名词,但意思不同。如:work工作,awork著作;glass玻璃,aglass玻璃杯;wood木头,awood小树林;room空间,aroom房间;paper纸,apaper一份试卷(文件,报纸等)等。抽象名词详细化通常可分为两类:(1)表示情感、心情的词,强调详细的人或事时常将其详细化运用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字:惊(surprise)、乐(pleasure)、幸(honour)、憾(pity)、傲(proud)、慰(comfort)、险(danger)、助(help)、成(success)、败(failure)、美(beauty)。例如:※Thenewmethodhasfinallyprovedtobeasuccess.新方法最终试验胜利了。(2)表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一……”的概念,常与动词连用构成短语,名词前常有形容词修饰。如:haveagoodtime,haveawonderfulsupper,haveagoodknowledge/understandingof,haveapopulationof,coveranareaof,reachaheightof等。三、名词全部格表示有生命名词的全部格时,在词尾加“’s”。theboy’sbag,men’srooms。若名词已有复数词尾s,只加“’”。theteachers’reading-room。此外,表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等无生命名词的全部格也可在词尾加“’s”来表示所属关系,意为“……的”。atenminutes’walk,atwentymiles’journey,twotons’weight,fiftydollars’worth。假如两个名词并列,且分别加“’s”,则表示“分别有……”;若只有后一个名词加“’s”,则表示两个“共有”。John’sandMary’srooms(两间);JohnandMary’sroom(一间)。of属格:无生命名词的全部格用of结构。amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers。省略格:在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时,名词全部格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。atthedoctor’s在诊所;atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。双重全部格:of+名词“’s”结构。afriendofmybrother’s,worksofMoYan’s。名词全部格用法口诀名词全部格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加’s即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最终加;若为无生命词,of全部格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。【点津】假如是无生命的名词则用of表示全部格,这里须要留意它们的依次与汉语不同,“AofB”要翻译为“B的A”。【小题快练】Ⅰ.单句语法填空①(2024·北京高考)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvariousactivities(activity)onEarthDay.②(2024·浙江高考)Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’(participant)overallhealthstatus.③(2024·江苏高考)Theytestedthemen’s(men)fitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.④(2024·天津高考)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity(curious).⑤(2024·浙江高考)MakingChinesedishes(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.⑥(2024·全国Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabelief(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Ⅱ.单句改错①(2024·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.(vacations改为vacation)②(2024·全国Ⅲ卷)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.(city改为cities)③(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.(sort改为sorts)④(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.(job改为jobs)Ⅰ.语法填空Chinesenetusershavefoundanewwaytobattledesertificationbyplayingvirtual(虚拟的)plantinggames.AntForest,1.__________isunderAntFinancialoftheAlibabaGroup,toldtheGlobalAntForestisthefirstsuchgameinChina.IntheAntForestplan,anyactivity2.__________(consider)lowcarbon,includingwalking,takingpublictransportandonlinepayments,willbeconvertedintovirtual“greenenergy”.Theenergywillbeusedtogrowavirtualtreeinthe“forest”ofthe3.__________(user).Theyexchange4.__________forarealtreebypayingthecorrespondingenergy.AntForestwillplanttherealtreesinspringandautumneachyear5.__________thehelpoflocalauthoritiesinthedesertareas.Thiswayofplantingtrees6.TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreat8.__________(important)totheprotectionofecosystems.Chinaaims9.__________(increase)theforestcoverto23percentby2024,andto26percentby2035.AnewstudyusingdatafromNASAsatelliteshowsthattheEarthbecomes10.__________(green)asaresultofambitioustree-plantingprogramsinChina.1.【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为AntForest,在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,指物,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故用which。2.【解析】considered。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,该句中主语为anyactivity,其后所填词汇与主语之间为被动关系,作后置定语,故填considered。3.【解析】users。考查名词复数。依据其前的定冠词the可知,此处用名词,依据句意“用户”,可知用复数,故填users。4.【解析】it。考查代词。依据句意可知,此处替代前一句avirtualtree,为特指,故填it。5.【解析】with。考查介词搭配。该句中运用withthehelpof...为固定搭配,意为“在……的帮助下”,故填with。6.【解析】wasrecognized。考查动词的时态语态。分析句子成分可知,该句中Thiswayofplantingtrees为主语,是单数,其与所给词汇为被动关系,用被动语态。依据时间状语onOctober23,2024,可知用一般过去时态,故填wasrecognized。7.【解析】a。考查不定冠词。依据句意可知,此处意指“一种方式”,为泛指,means的首字母发音是辅音,故填a。8.【解析】importance。考查名词。该句运用固定短语attachimportanceto...,意为“重视,认为……重要”,故填importance。9.【解析】toincrease。考查不定式。aimtodosth.为固定搭配,意为“目标是,旨在……”故填toincrease。10.【解析】greener。考查形容词比较级。依据句意可知,植树在中国取得了成效,地球变得更加绿色,暗含“比较”含义,用比较级,故填greener。Ⅱ.短文改错Nowadaysmyschoolworkbecomesmuchheavierthaneverbefore,thusforcemetostayupdeepintothenight.Iseldomdosports.ForthisreasonIoftenfeltsleepinclass.Badhealthcausedmypoormemory.ThingshavebeenchangedafterIfollowedmyteacher’sadvices.Igetupearliertodomorningexercises.Duringthe10minutesbreakIgoouttheclassroomtorelaxmybrainandmuscles.Atfiveo’clockintheafternoonIoftengototheplaygroundtohavesports.Allthismakesmyselffreshandfullofenergy.Itissportsthatimprovesmyhealth.Ihavemadearapidprogressinmystudies.答案:1.【解析】第一句中force→forcing。考查非谓语动词。分析此句句子结构可知本句的谓语为becomes,而后面也没有出现连词,因此,force不能用原形,而这部分表示造成的结果,所以用非谓语作结果状语。学业压力大,迫使我晚上熬夜,这是顺其自然的结果,且表示主动关系,所以用现在分词,故force要改为forcing。2.【解析】其次句do→did。考查时态。依据语境可知本文讲的是作者运动前后的变更,所以,不做运动时是过去,因此应当用过去时,所以do要改为did。3.【解析】第三句sleep→sleepy。考查形容词。因为熬夜,我上课常常昏昏欲睡。feel为系动词,后面用形容词作表语。sleep是动词,所以sleep要改为sleepy。4.【解析】第五句after→since。考查连词。分析本句可知表示自从听从了老师的建议之后,状况发生了变更。所以after要改为since。5.【解析】第五句advices→advice。考查名词的可数与不行数。advice为不行数名词,因此advices要改为advice。6.【解析】第七句minutes→minutes’。考查名词全部格。依据语境,在10分钟的课间休息时,“10分钟的”要用全部格,所以minutes要改为minutes’。7.【解析】第七句out后加of。考查介词。“走出教室”应当用gooutof,不加of没法加宾语theclassroom,所以要在out后加of。8.【解析】第九句myself→me。考查代词。依据语