北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试 英语 含解析

丰台区2023-2024学年度第二学期期末练习高二英语笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenGertrudeGrewGreatGertrudewasjustanaveragekidwithanaveragelife.Athomeshehelpedoutjustenoughtoslideby.Atschool,shedidjustenoughhomeworktostayoutof___1___.ShehadstraightC'sinallofherclasses.OnedayGertrude’steacherstoppedherafterclass.“Gertrude,”hesaid,“I’veseentheworkyoudoinclass,andsomeofitis___2___.”Gertrudeknewthereweremomentswhenshedidtryalittleharderthanwhateveryone___3___,likewhenshetookextratimewithherhomeworktomakeitlookfancy.Butshedidn’treallybelievethatshecouldchange.Shehaddonejustenoughto___4___forsolong.Infact,shewasscaredbythethoughtofhavingthepowertobecomewhatevershewanted.Thatnight,Gertrudehadadream.Itwastenyearsintothefuture.Shecouldnotfindanaveragejob,becauseeventheaveragejobswere___5___byabove-averageworkers.Gertrudewantedherownplace,herownlife.Avoicespokeinthedream:“Thepresentisnothingmorethanthe___6___ofthechoicesmadeinthepast.“Thefuturewillonlybetheresultsofthechoiceswemaketoday.”Gertrudebegancrying,becausesheknewshehadhelped___7___theworldwhereshelived,andthechoicesshemadehadproducedtheoptionsshehad.Thenextday,shetriedharderinschool,andshefelt___8___thanusual.Shehelpedmorearoundthehouse,andshefeltbetterthantypical.SoonthepatternofSuccess___9___thatofbeingnormalandGertrudeevenbecamegreatatfailingbylearningfromhermistakes.Tenyearslater,Gertrudelivedinanaveragesizedhouseandshewasjusttheaverageadult.Buther___10___wasaboveaverage,becauseherlifewashers.1.A.order B.trouble C.sight D.debt2.A.challenging B.amusing C.amazing D.encouraging3.A.learned B.insisted C.expected D.complained4.A.getby B.givein C.showup D.standout5.A.filled B.offered C.refused D.valued6.A.chance B.risk C.reward D.outcome7.A.lead B.shape C.better D.protect8.A.smarter B.sadder C.calmer D.freer9.A.followed B.covered C.produced D.replaced10.A.independence B.happiness C.confidence D.gratitude第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。JulesVerne(1828-1905)isregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.He___11___(pen)54novelsaspartofhis“ExtraordinaryVoyages”series.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientist___12___inventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemouseshissubmarinetoviolentlyattackships,whileDr.Sarrasin'sutopiancity___13___(become)thetargetofatakeoverplot.ForVerne,humannaturewasthefactorthatdetermined___14___technologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheInternationalMuseumDayrepresentsauniquemomentfortheinternationalmuseumcommunity.___15___(organise)eachyearon18May,thecelebrationscanlastaday,aweekendorawholeweek.Onthisday,___16___(participate)museumsplancreativeeventsandhighlighttheimportanceoftheroleofmuseumsasinstitutions.Now,participationinInternationalMuseumDay___17___(grow)amongmuseumsallovertheworld.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thesummersofmychildhoodwere___18___(stick)hot.Atnight,weranwindowfansandhopedforcoolerair.Butthosesummernightsseempleasantcomparedwiththeextraordinaryheatwavesnowadays.Tillthissummer,thousandsofnewrecords___19___(set)notjustfordailyhightemperatures,butalsoforwarmestovernightlows.Hotnightsaredangerous___20___theyrobpeopleofthechancetocooldownbeforethenextburningday.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AStudentVolunteerInternships2023-2024Alimitednumberofunpaidinternships(实习)areavailableinWashington,D.C.withintheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency's(EPA)OfficeofWater.Youmustbeafull-timeundergraduateorgraduatestudent.Adiversityofcandidateswithinvariousfieldsofstudyareencouragedtoapply,includingdegreecandidatesinthefollowingsubjects:·Hydrology,aquaticbiology,marinescience,environmentalengineering,geology,meteorology,soilscience,etc·Publichealth,toxicology,sanitation,environmentaljustice,etc·Publicadministration,finance,management,communications,etc.Candidatesshouldhaveademonstratedinterestorcareergoalsinawater-healthorpublic-healthrelatedfield,includingsustainabilityandresilience.Demandedqualitiesincludestronganalytical,writtenandoralskills,theabilitytoworkindependentlyandonateam,andastrongdesiretotakeinitiative.Thevolunteerinternwillworkforaminimumof12weeksonafull-time(40hoursperweek)orpart-time(20hoursperweek)schedule.Participantswillnotbepaidbutarequalifiedtoapplyforatravellingexpense.ParticipantsdonotbecomeEPAemployeesduringtheirstay.Applicationswillbeacceptedonarollingbasis;however,mostprojectswillariseforinternshipopportunitiesduringtheSummerSemester.Pleasesubmityourapplicationatleast2monthsbeforeeachsemesterbegins.Werecognizethattimeframesmayvaryduetoclassschedulesandwewillworkwithindividualcandidatestospecifyexacttiminganddurationasnecessary.Thegeneraltimeframesbysemesterareasfollows:SummerSemester(lateMaythroughlateAugust)FallSemester(SeptemberthroughDecember)SpringSemester(JanuarythroughApril)Toapply,emailaresume,coverletter,andashortwritingsample(maximum5pages)to:braschayko.kelley@epa.gov.21.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredtoA.befull-timegraduatestudentsB.speakforeignlanguagefluentlyC.havetheabilitytoworkwithteamsD.majorinapublic-healthrelatedfield22.WhatwillEPAprovideforthevolunteerinterns?A.Financialsupportfortransport.B.Personalizedworkschedules.C.Aletterofrecommendation.D.Employmentopportunities23.Whatshouldcandidatesdotoapplyfortheinternship?A.Emailyourinterntimeframes.B.Providethedegreecertificate.C.Workinateamfor12weeksD.Offerashortwritingsample.BAtanairportIoverheardanoldmanandhisdaughterintheirlastmomentstogether.Theyhadannouncedherplane’sdepartureandstandingnearthedoor,hesaidtohisdaughter,“Iloveyou,Iwishyouenough.”Shesaid,“Daddy,ourlifetogetherhasbeenmorethanenough.YourloveisallIeverneeded.Iwishyouenough,too,Daddy.”Theykissedgood-byeandsheleft.HewalkedovertowardthewindowwhereIwasseated.StandingthereIcouldseehewantedandneededtocry.Itriednottointrudeonhisprivacy,buthewelcomedmeinbyasking,“Didyoueversaygood-byetosomeoneknowingitwouldbeforever?”“Yes,Ihave,”Ireplied.SayingthatbroughtbackmemoriesIhadofexpressingmyloveandappreciationforallmyDadhaddoneforme.Recognizingthathisdayswerelimited,Itookthetimetotellhimfacetofacehowmuchhemeanttome.SoIknewwhatthismanwasexperiencing.“Forgivemeforasking,butwhyisthisaforevergood-bye?”Iasked.“Iamoldandshelivesmuchtoofaraway.Ihavechallengesaheadandtherealityis,hernexttripbackwillbeformyfuneral,”hesaid.“Whenyouweresayinggood-byeIheardyousay,‘Iwishyouenough.‘MayIaskwhatthatmeans?”Hebegantosmile.“That’sawishthathasbeenhandeddownfromothergenerations.Myparentsusedtosayittoeveryone.”Hepausedforamomentandlookingupasiftryingtorememberitindetail,hesmiledevenmore.“Whenwesaid‘Iwishyouenough’wewerewantingtheotherpersontohavealifefilledwithenoughgoodthingstosustainthem,”hecontinuedandthenturningtowardme,hesharedthefollowingasifhewererecitingitfrommemory.“Iwishyouenoughsuntokeepyourattitudebright.Iwishyouenoughraintoappreciatethesunmore.Iwishyouenoughhappinesstokeepyourspiritalive.Iwishyouenoughpainsothatthesmallestjoysinlifeappearmuchbigger.Iwishyouenoughgaintosatisfyyourwanting.Iwishyouenoughlosstoappreciateallthatyoupossess.Iwishenough‘Hellos’togetyouthroughthefinal‘Good-bye’.”24.Theoldmanwanttocrybecause_______A.hewasguiltyfornotlovinghisdaughterenoughB.hisdaughterdidn’tcareabouthimasexpectedC.hehadaslimchancetoseehisdaughteragainD.hisdaughter’spartingwordsmadehimsad25.TheauthormentionedhisDadtoshow________A.hisappreciationforhisfather’sdevotionB.hissorrowforhisfatherleavingtheworldChisunderstandingoftheoldman’sfeelingD.hisconcernfortheoldman’smentalstate26.Whatmessagedoestheoldman’swishconvey?A.Everymomentisablessing.B.Greathopesmakegreatmen.C.Happinessliesincontentment.D.Togettimeistogeteverything.27.Accordingtothepassage,whichcanbestdescribetheoldman?A.Helpfulandgentle. B.Wiseandloving.C.Modestandthoughtful. D.Kindandgenerous.CTheviolenceofshakingfromanearthquakeisusuallyfocusedinthedirectionthequakeistraveling.Butaboomerangquakemayspreadtheintenseshakingacrossawiderzone.Thenewstudy,publishedtodayinthejournalNatureGeoscience,isamajorsteptowardclearingupthecomplexphysicsbehindboomerangquakesandunderstandingtheirpotentialdamage.Thelatestboomerangwasrecordednearthemid-oceanridgeintheAtlanticin2016.Byexaminingthepositionoftheepicenter(震中)andtheenergyreleasedbyeachshakingphase,StephenHicks,anearthquakeseismologistattheImperialCollegeLondonandfirstauthorofthenewstudy,identifiedwhatseemedtobetwostepsofthequake:Thequakeinitiallyheadedeastward,butthenturnedbackwest.“Thiswasweird,”hesays.Thissecondlegofthequakemovedremarkablyquickly,atso-calledsupershearspeeds.Thequakeunzippedthesurfaceatanestimated11,000milesperhour—fastenoughtodartfromNewYorktoLondonin18.5minutes,sofastthatitcausedthegeologicversionofasonicboom.Howoftendoesthishappen?Aboomerangquakeatsupershearspeeds,asHicksandhisteamobservedintheAtlantic,maybeafairlyraretype.Butwiderevidenceofboomerangquakesismounting.Theseback-trackingeventshavebeenstudiedincomputermodelsaswellassimulatedinlabexperiments.“Thetheorysaysthatit’sthere,butit’squitedifficulttoseethat[intherealworld],”saysHicks.The2016earthquakeinKumamotoalsoseemstohaveruptured(破裂)inasimilarprocess.Forthatevent,theinitialshaketriggeredtwootherquakes,oneofwhichracedbackwardtopartiallyoverlaptheinitialbreak.Understandingwhenandwhytheseboomerangeventshappenisvitaltograpplingwithrisksearthquakespresent.“Studieslikethishelpusunderstandhowpastearthquakesruptured,howfutureearthquakesmayrupture,andhowthatrelatestothepotentialimpactforfaults(断层)nearpopulatedareas,”saysHicks.Theseboomerangsmaybeobscuredbyconventionalapproachesusedtoanalyzequakes,whicharebasedonanassumptionthataquakerushesinonedirection.“Naturallywe’renotlookingforit,wedon’texpectittoexist,”Hickssays.Yetforearthquakes,itseems,complexitiesmightbethenormratherthantheexception.AsHicksputsit:“Themoreandmorewelookatearthquakesinmoredetail,ofcourseweseestrangerthings.”28.Aboomerangearthquakediffersfromotherquakesbecause________.A.itmovesatasuper-fastspeedB.ittriggersseveralsmallquakesC.itreleasesimmeasurableenergyD.itshakesintwooppositedirections29.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_________.A.thecomingofthenextboomerangcanbepredictedB.boomerangsaretoocomplextobefullyunderstoodC.boomerangeventsarecommonplaceintherealworldD.commonmethodsarereliableinanalyzingboomerangs30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“grapplingwith”inparagraph4probablymean?A.puttingoff B.copingwithC.bringingabout D.fightingagainstDAllovertheworld,formaleducationsuppliestheeconomywithworkerswhowillincreaseproductivitytofueltheeconomicmachine.Butthismachinenowthreatensourverysurvival.Iftheentireworldreachesthelevelsofconsumptionseeninhigh-incomecountriestoday,we’llneedmultipleplanetEarthstosupplytheresources.Theabsurd(荒谬的)ideaofinfinitegrowthwithinafiniteterritoryisattheheartofoureconomicsystem.Tokeepthismachinerunning,formaleducationgeneratesevermoreefficient“humancapital”.Increasingproductivitymetrics(指标)ratherthantheindividualityofstudentsdrivesourcivilization’sapproachtoschoolingouryoungpeople.WhereastheSustainableDevelopmentGoalscallforturningeducationintoaforceforsustainability,theoppositeisoftentrue:ThewaysWesternsocietieshavecometothinkabouteducationundermineourabilitytodealwiththeenvironmentalcrisis.Togetthroughthiscrisis,weneedtocultivateourimagination,notundermineit.Growingup,noneofmyschoolingfosteredmyabilitytoimagineaworlddifferentfromwhatIsawaroundme.Besides,Irealizethesuppression(抑制)ofchildren’simaginationdoesn’ttakeplaceonlyinunderresourcedcommunities,butin“elite”institutionsthattout“criticalthinking”.Schoolswanttoseetheirgraduatessucceed,andsuccessistoooftenaboutmaintainingcurrentstructures—notaboutreimaginingtheirfoundations.Essentially,oureducationsystemsshapechildrenintheimageofartificialintelligence.Theperfect“worker”,AI,continuallyimprovesitsownproductivitybutdoesn’tchallengethelargerstructureswithinwhichitoperates.Itisoneofthegreatparadoxesofourtimethatweinvestsomuchintobuildingsupercomputerswhilemarginalizingtheimaginativepotentialofmillionsofhumanbrains.What’smore,weevenputourhopeinsolvingtheenvironmentalcrisisonAI.ButAI,likeourothertechnologies,canonlytreatthesymptomsoftheenvironmentalcrisis,notthecausesThroughouthistory,achieversofgreatchangehavereliedontheirimaginationstoaddressfundamentalflawsinsociety.Inmycountryofbirth,communistskepttheirdreamsofdemocracyalivefordecadesbyimaginingdifferentfutures.InSouthAfrica,NelsonMandela’sfollowershadtoberadical(激进的)intheirimaginationtocreateavisionofafairersociety.Imaginingdemocracywhenlivingunderatotalitarianregime(极权主义政权)isn’tthatdifferentfromimaginingdegrowthwhenlivinginaworldofinfinitegrowth.ThekindofintelligencethatNelsonMandelaandsuchpossessedwasnotartificial.Theabilitytoreimaginethefutureanddisruptthecurrentsituationremainsadistinctlyhumanquality.UnlikeAI,childrenarenaturallyimaginativeandquestionthepremisesofsociety.Inmyresearch,Ihaveobservedthatyoungerchildrenareoftenthemostradicalinimaginingdifferentfutures.Aslongasourimaginationiscurtailed,ideaslikedegrowthsoundutopian(乌托邦的)tomany,Cultivatingimaginationmeanslearningfromhistory’sdisrupterswhomadetheimpossiblepossible.Insteadofdismissing“childish”ideasabouttheworld’sfuture,itmeansseeinginspirationinchildren’simaginations.Inaneducationsystemthatcelebratesimagination,artsandcreativityareasimportantasmathandscience.Idealismcoexistswithpragmatism.Theenvironmentalcrisisisnotacrisisoftechnologyorscience,itisacrisisofimagination.Ifweletchildrenbeourguides,wemightbeabletoimagineourwaytosurvival.31.Theauthorhopeseducationcanplayitsrolein________A.developinghumanresources B.promotingsustainabledevelopmentC.increasingproductivity D.maximizingeconomicgrowth32.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_________A.imaginationisn’twelldevelopedinschoolsB.AIhelpsexploitthepotentialofhumanbrainsC.graduates’successchangesthesocialstructuresD.AIcanaddresstherootcauseofeconomiccrisis33.NelsonMandelaismentionedas_________A.asuccessinbuildingafairsocietyBaleaderwhohadagreatinfluenceC.apioneerpossessingthequalityofAID.aninspirationtosolvesocialproblems34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat_________A.children’simaginationensureshuman’ssurvivalB.theenvironmentalcrisisresultsfromtechnologyC.imaginationcanhelpsolveenvironmentalcrisisD.the“childish”ideaswillruintheworld’sfuture第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatCameFirst,theChickenortheEgg?Chickensareoneofthemosteconomicallyimportantanimalsintheworldtoday.___35___,Recentadvancementsinarchaeologicalmethodologieshaveunveiledthatnumerousbonediscoveries,oncebelievedtobeevidenceofearlychickens,actuallybelongtowildbirds.Now,inanewpublication,aninternationalteamofarchaeologists,historians,andbiomolecularscientistspresenttheearliestclearevidencefortheraisingofchickensforeggproduction.Usingeggshellfragmentscollectedfrom12archaeologicalsitescoveringroughly1500years,theresearchersshowthatchickenswerewidelyraisedinCentralAsiafromapproximately400BCEto1000CEandwerelikelyspreadalongtheancientSilkRoad.___36___.Itwasthistraitofproductiveegglaying,theresearchersargue,thatmadethedomesticchickensoattractivetoancientpeoples___37___.TheycollectedtensofthousandsofeggshellfragmentsfromsiteslocatedalongthemainCentralAsiancorridoroftheSilkRoad.TheythenusedamethodofbiomolecularanalysiscalledZooMStoidentifythesourceoftheeggs.Theidentificationoftheseshellfragmentsaschickens,andtheirabundanceateachsite,ledtheresearcherstoanimportantconclusion.___38___.Inthewild,thiskindofbirdnestsonceperyearandtypicallylayssixeggsperclutch(窝).Thisistheearliestevidenceforthelossofseasonalegglayingyetidentifiedinthearchaeologicalrecord.Meanwhile,itisanimportantclueforbetterunderstandingthemutualistic(共生的)relationshipsbetweenhumansandanimalsthatresultedindomesticationTakentogether,thenewstudysuggestsananswertotheage-oldriddleofthechickenandtheegg.___39___.A.Toreachtheseconclusions,theteamdidalotofwork.B.Theabundanceofeggshellsfurthersuggeststhatthebirdswerelayingoutofseason.C.Yet,thestoryofhowtheyoriginatedandspreadthroughouttheancientworldremainslargelyunclear.D.ResearchshowschickenswerebredthroughoutsouthernCentralAsia,andwerespreadalongtheancientSilkRoad.E.Thebirdsmusthavebeenlayingmorefrequentlythantheirwildancestor,theredjunglefowlF.TheyarguethatthelossofseasonalegglayingwasthemaindriveforthespreadofdomesticchickensacrossEurasiaandnortheastAfricaG.AstheevidenceinCentralAsiasuggests,theabilitytolayalargenumberofeggsiswhatmadethechickenthechickenweknowtoday.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。WhatWeReallyKnowAboutASMRIfyouspendtimeonYouTubeorTikTok,youmayhavecomeacrossvideosofsomeonewhisperingintoamicrophone,carefullyslicingstacksofslime,orslowlyrippingstripsofpaper.Thesevideosaredesignedtotriggeranautonomoussensorymeridian(经络)response,orASMR,apleasantfeelingthattravelsfromthetopoftheheaddownthebackofthenecktotheupperspine.WatchingvideosthattriggerASMRisthoughttoleadtopositiveresponsesthroughoutthebodyincludingenhancedmood,relaxation,andevenpainrelief.Butcanyoureallyachievethesebenefitsjustbywatchingashortvideo?Asystematicreviewpublishedseekstoanswerthatquestion.Germanresearcherscombinedthedatafrom54studiestobetterhelpusunderstandASMRanditseffects.Butfirst,wheredidthisideacomefrom?TherearereferencestofeelingssimilartoASMRinclassicliteraturedatingbacktotheearly1900s.ThecontemporarydefinitionsofASMRsprangfromadiscussionforumonahealth-focusedwebsitein2007.AYouTubernamedJenniferAllencoinedthetermin2010.Basedonthepreviousstudies,theresearchersconcludedthatexamplesoftriggersincludewhispering,tapping,andnaturalsounds,anditisimportanttonotethatspecifictriggersofASMRandtheintensityoftheresponsevarywidelybyindividuals.Theyalsoexploreditsbenefits.ClearevidenceshowsthatASMRcanreducestressandanxiety.Dataalsoshowsthatitcanimproveshort-termmemory.Inspecificcases,participantswatchingASMRvideoshadlowerheartratesandbloodpressure,physicalsignalsofrelaxation.Inaddition,theyfoundthatASMRtriggersbrainactivitypatternsassociatedwithrelaxationandstressrelief.Despitetheencouragingresults,theauthorsnotedthatmanyoftheASMRstudieshadsmallsamplesizesandalackofdiversityamongparticipants;moreresearchisneededtotrulyunderstandtheimpactsofASMR.Luckily,it’struethatwatchingsensoryvideosofpeoplebrushingtheirhair,whispering,andmakingsoftrepetitivenoisescanleadtorelaxationandstressrelief.ThebestthingaboutASMRisthatthereareminimalsideeffects.Soifyou’refeelinganxiousorstressed,itmightbeworthwatchingafewminutesofASMRvideostoseeiftheyhelp!40.Whatisanautonomoussensorymeridianresponse(ASMR)?_____________________________________41.Accordingtothestudies,whatbenefitscanASMRbringus?_____________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>AlthoughtriggersofASMRaredifferent,theymaycausereactionsofsimilarintensityamongdifferentpeople._____________________________________43.BesideswatchingASMRvideos,whatelsedoyoudowhenfeelinganxiousorstressed?_____________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim来信向你倾诉他的烦恼：学校艺术节展演在即，他任社长的舞蹈社与朋友的音乐社都想在学校仅有的一间排练室（rehearsalroom）练习，导致两个社团都无法充分排练。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.解决问题的建议；2.给予安慰或鼓励。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

丰台区2023-2024学年度第二学期期末练习高二英语笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenGertrudeGrewGreatGertrudewasjustanaveragekidwithanaveragelife.Athome,shehelpedoutjustenoughtoslideby.Atschool,shedidjustenoughhomeworktostayoutof___1___.ShehadstraightC'sinallofherclasses.OnedayGertrude’steacherstoppedherafterclass.“Gertrude,”hesaid,“I’veseentheworkyoudoinclass,andsomeofitis___2___.”Gertrudeknewthereweremomentswhenshedidtryalittleharderthanwhateveryone___3___,likewhenshetookextratimewithherhomeworktomakeitlookfancy.Butshedidn’treallybelievethatshecouldchange.Shehaddonejustenoughto___4___forsolong.Infact,shewasscaredbythethoughtofhavingthepowertobecomewhatevershewanted.Thatnight,Gertrudehadadream.Itwastenyearsintothefuture.Shecouldnotfindanaveragejob,becauseeventheaveragejobswere___5___byabove-averageworkers.Gertrudewantedherownplace,herownlife.Avoicespokeinthedream:“Thepresentisnothingmorethanthe___6___ofthechoicesmadeinthepast.“Thefuturewillonlybetheresultsofthechoiceswemaketoday.”Gertrudebegancrying,becausesheknewshehadhelped___7___theworldwhereshelived,andthechoicesshemadehadproducedtheoptionsshehad.Thenextday,shetriedharderinschool,andshefelt___8___thanusual.Shehelpedmorearoundthehouse,andshefeltbetterthantypical.SoonthepatternofSuccess___9___thatofbeingnormalandGertrudeevenbecamegreatatfailingbylearningfromhermistakes.Tenyearslater,Gertrudelivedinanaveragesizedhouseandshewasjusttheaverageadult.Buther___10___wasaboveaverage,becauseherlifewashers.1.A.order B.trouble C.sight D.debt2.A.challenging B.amusing C.amazing D.encouraging3.A.learned B.insisted C.expected D.complained4.A.getby B.givein C.showup D.standout5.A.filled B.offered C.refused D.valued6.A.chance B.risk C.reward D.outcome7.A.lead B.shape C.better D.protect8.A.smarter B.sadder C.calmer D.freer9.A.followed B.covered C.produced D.replaced10.A.independence B.happiness C.confidence D.gratitude【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.A5.A6.D7.B8.A9.D10.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了曾经格特鲁德只是一个过着普通生活的普通孩子，但是她逐渐意识到帮助塑造了她所生活的世界，她所做的选择产生了她现在的选择，所以她开始用成功的模式取代了正常的模式，让自己更加幸福。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校，她只做了足够的家庭作业以避免麻烦。A.order命令；B.trouble麻烦；C.sight视力；D.debt债务。根据上文“Athome,shehelpedoutjustenoughtoslideby.(在家里，她帮的忙只够凑合)”以及“Atschool,shedidjustenoughhomeworktostayoutof”可知，在学校，她只做了足够的家庭作业以避免麻烦。故选B。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“格特鲁德，”他说，“我看过你在课堂上做的作业，有些还很了不起。”A.challenging挑战的；B.amusing有趣的；C.amazing令人惊奇的；了不起的；D.encouraging鼓舞人心的。根据后文“likewhenshetookextratimewithherhomeworktomakeitlookfancy”可知，老师夸奖她的作业了不起。故选C。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格特鲁德知道，有时候她确实比大家期望的要努力一些，比如她花额外的时间做作业，让它看起来更漂亮。A.learned学习；B.insisted坚持；C.expected期待；D.complained抱怨。根据后文“likewhenshetookextratimewithherhomeworktomakeitlookfancy”可知，有时候格特鲁德确实比大家期望的要努力一些，故选C。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她所做的工作只够维持这么长时间。A.getby维持；B.givein屈服；C.showup出现；D.standout突出。根据上文“shedidjustenoughhomework”指她所做的工作只够维持这么长时间。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她找不到一份普通的工作，因为即使是普通的工作也被高于平均水平的工人填补了。A.filled装满；B.offered提议；C.refused拒绝；D.valued重视。根据上文“Shecouldnotfindanaveragejob,becauseeventheaveragejobswere”可知，找不到普通的工作是因为即使是普通的工作也被高于平均水平的工人填补了。故选A。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦中有个声音说:“现在只不过是过去所做选择的结果。”A.chance机会；B.risk风险；C.reward奖励；D.outcome结果。根据后文“Thefuturewillonlybetheresultsofthechoiceswemaketoday.”可知，现在只不过是过去所做选择的结果，而未来只会是我们今天所做选择的结果。故选D。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格特鲁德哭了起来，因为她知道她帮助塑造了她所生活的世界，她所做的选择产生了她现在的选择。A.lead带领；B.shape塑造；C.better胜过；D.protect保护。根据后文“theworldwhereshelived,andthechoicesshemadehadproducedtheoptionsshehad”指她自己塑造了所生活的世界，她所做的选择产生了她现在的选择。故选B。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天