专题14阅读理解（说明文议论文）-2024年中考英语真题题源解密（原卷版）

专题14说明文与议论文阅读理解是每年中考试题的“重中之重”。此题型的分值为3040分，约占整套试题总分的45%左右。阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读短文获取一定信息的能力。近几年的中考试题考查的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等，考查内容比较广泛。不仅如此，阅读理解的文章在体裁方面也越来越多样化，广告、图表等应用文是近年来中考试题的新体裁；在内容方面，也更加体现了时代性和可读性，题材包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等方面。（一）体裁简析一、英语阅读文体类型简析中考英语阅读常见的文体类型有：记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。01、记叙文。英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。02、说明文。英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法：就中考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。中考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。03、议论文。英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。04、应用文。英语应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。（二）解题技巧掌握中考英语阅读理解题的应试技巧，正确地理解和分析问题，考生应从以下几个方面入手：一、主旨题文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：（1）表述的意思通常是总结性的；（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式；（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。二、推断题推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。（1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。（2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。三、猜测词义题阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如：inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧（1）.根据文中的解释（2）.使用逗号、破折号和括号等（3）.根据同位语或根据同等关系（4）.根据语义的转折关系（5）.根据因果关系（6）.根据构词法知识（7）.根据常识，上下文逻辑四、细节理解题。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。考向三、说明文说明文是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。（2023·广州）Peoplebelievethateverywordhasitscorrectmeaning(s).Whenwearenotsure,weusuallycheckonline,orturntoourteachersordictionaries.Butdoyouknowhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?Dictionarywritersfirstreadtheimportantbooksoftheperiodorthesubjectthatthedictionarywasabout.Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,monwords—bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.Forareallybigdictionary,millionsofsuchcardswerecollected.Thistaskcouldlastforyears.Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A—Z).Whenthiswasdone,therewouldbeseveralhundredcardsforeachsingleword.Then,todefine(定义)aword,thedictionarywriterplaceditshundredsofcardsbeforehim.Hereadthecardsclosely,threwawaysome,readtherestagain,anddividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethemonusesoftheword.Finally,hewrotethedefinitions,followingthehardandfastrule:eachdefinitionmustefromanexampleonacertaincardinfrontofhim.So,thewritingofadictionarywasnotataskofinventingmeaningsofwords,butataskofrecordingtheirmeanings.Thewriterofadictionarywasahistorian,notalawmaker.Astimedevelops,thewayofproducingdictionarieshasgreatlychanged.Nowadays,wecanuseonlinedictionariestoo.Whenchoosingourwordsinspeakingorwriting,wecanbeguidedbythedictionary.However,wecannotbecontrolledbyit,becausenewsituations,newexperiences,newinventions,andnewfeelings,arealwayspushingustogivenewusestooldwords.37.Whydiddictionarywritersreadimportantbooks?A.Toknowmoreabouttheperiod. B.Tocollectwordsandtheiruses.C.Tounderstanddifferentsubjects. D.Tolearntouseinterestingwords.38.Whichshowsthecorrectstepsofhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?A.①③④② B.①②④③ C.③④②① D.③①④②39.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassageaboutdictionarywritinginthepast?A.Itshouldbedonebyhistorians. B.Itwasataskofinventingandrecording.C.Itwaslongtimehardwork. D.Ithadtousethelawmakingrules.40.Whatdoesthewriteradviseustodowhenwechoosewordsinmunication?A.Beopentothenewusesofwords. B.Followthedictionarystrictly.C.Useonlinedictionariesinstead. D.Trytocreatenewwords.【答案】37.B38.D39.C40.A【解析】本文主要介绍了过去词典是如何制作的。37.推理判断题。根据“Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,monwords—bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.”（当他们阅读时，他们把必要的信息抄写在卡片上：有趣的单词，常见的单词——包括日常使用和不常用的单词，以及使用这些单词的句子。也就是说，这些单词以及每个单词的用法都被收集了起来。）可推知词典编纂者要读重要的书籍是为了收集单词及其用法，故选B。38.细节理解题。根据“Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,monwordsbothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.”、“Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A—Z).”、“Then,todefine(定义)aword,thedictionarywriterplaceditshundredsofcardsbeforehim.Hereadthecardsclosely,threwawaysome,readtherestagain,anddividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethemonusesoftheword.”、“Finally,hewrotethedefinitions,followingthehardandfastrule:eachdefinitionmustefromanexampleonacertaincardinfrontofhim.”可知，过去制作字典首先把有趣单词，日常使用和不寻常使用的常见单词，以及使用它们的句子记在卡片上；然后收集卡片时，按字母顺序（AZ）排列；其次筛选卡片，根据词典编纂者认为的单词的常用用法将卡片分开；最后是按照硬性规定写下了定义，每个定义都必须来自他面前某张卡片上的一个例子。所以正确的步骤是③①④②。故选D。39.推理判断题。根据“Forareallybigdictionary,millionsofsuchcardswerecollected.”（对于一本真正的大字典来说，收集了数百万张这样的卡片。）可知过去编纂词典是一项长期艰苦的工作。故选C。40.细节理解题。根据“However,wecannotbecontrolledbyit,becausenewsituations,newexperiences,newinventions,andnewfeelings,arealwayspushingustogivenewusestooldwords.”可知作者建议大家在使用词典时不能被它所控制，因为新的情况、新的经历、新的发明和新的感受总是在推动我们对旧词赋予新的用途，也就是接受词汇的新用法。故选A。Passage1（2023·武汉）WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam(束)oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity(相对论)”.“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,”saidEinstein.Daydreaming,called“thoughtexperiments”byEinstein,canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace.Itletsyourmindwalkslowlyaroundideas,memoriesandexperiencesthataren’thappeningrightnow.Itmeansthinkingaheadtoaholidayorrememberinghowmuchyouenjoyedabirthdayparty.AccordingtoChina’shealthauthorities(权威机构),daydreamingforawhileeachdaycanimproveyourhealthandcreativity.Disappearingintoadaydreamletsyourmindescapewhenthingsaredifficult.Ithelpsyoudealwithworriesandfears.Forexample,imagininghowyou’regoingtospeakupinclassislikepracticingthesceneinyourhead,whichcanmakeyoufeelcalmer.Daydreamingalsoinspirescreativityandletsyoufindnewworldswheretherearenolimits(限制)towhatyoucandoorwhoyouare.GuoQiang,anexpertinthoughtsandfeelings,thinksweshouldallmaketimetodaydream.“Thinkingforpleasurecanbeapowerfultooltoshapeourfeelings,”hesaid.However,trynottoletyourmindbeabsentwhenyouneedtofocus(聚焦)inclassorcrosstheroad.Instead,findatimewhenyoudon’thavetofocusonanything,likegoingforawalkorbrushingyourteeth.Guosuggestsyoucanstartbyfocusingonahappymemoryorimaginingafuturesuccess,likescoringagoalintheWorldCup.Toencouragecreativity,thinkaboutinterestingideasandseewhereyourmindtakesyou.Researchshowsthatpeopleofteneupwithmoresolutionstoproblemsafterthey’vetakenabreak.Sonexttimeyou’restuckwithhomework,stopforamomentandseewhereyourdaydreamstakeyou.41.Whichwritingskillisusedinparagraph1?A.Givinganexample. B.Raisingaquestion. C.Listingnumbers. D.paringfacts.42.Daydreamingcanmakepeople_________.A.flyaround B.walkslowly C.thinkfreely D.beabsentminded43.GuoQiangfirstsuggests_________.A.escapingfromthehardtime B.lookingfornewworldsC.findingtimetoimagine D.focusingonsuccess44.Whatismentionedinparagraph4?A.Thestepstodaydream.B.Thethingstodaydreamof.C.Thereasonsfordaydreaming.D.Themeaningsofdaydreaming.45.Daydreamingistalkedabout_________.A.toremindpeopletohaveamindbreakB.tosuggestlivingatthemomentC.tofindsolutionstohomeworkproblemsD.toshowascienceresearchresultPassage2（2023·湖北襄樊）WhenSeptemberes,thenewtermbegins.Parentsareallexcitedbecausetheirkidsaregoingbacktoschool.There’snothingbetterthanthis.Lookingbackattheonlineclassperiod,whatwokeuptheparentseverymorningwasnottheiralarms,buttheirkids’ingonlineclasses.Cookingmeals,signingin(登陆)learningappsandhandinginhomeworkpicturesweredailyactivitiesforparentstogeteverythingreadyforkids.Atthesametime,theparentshadtopayfullattentiontotheirkidsbecausethere’snodifferencebetweengivingakidanelectronicproductand▲.Whatacoincidence!Inancienttimes,thenewtermstartedaroundWhiteDew(白露)inSeptember,too.Peopleusedtohave“fourbigceremoniesinlife”whichincludedtheceremonyof“startingschool,beinganadult,gettingmarriedandburial”.Theceremonyofstartingschoolwasabigthing.Itshowedeveryone’sbestwishesforakid.Noteverykidcouldgotoschool.Mostofthemhadtowork.Butifyouwereaboy,yourfathercouldsendyoutoschool.Luckily,beginningintheHanDynasty,theschoolfees(费用)werepaidbytheemperor.Boysstudiedveryhard.Theywenttoschooleveryday,withnoweekends,fromabout6:00a.m.toabout4:00p.m.Theschoolpreparedthemforthegovernmenttests,andwhoeverscoredhighinthetestscouldgetagoodjob.Thereweren’tanymathorsciencelessons.Thestudentslearnedhowtoread,write,andpaintpictures.EducationhasplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofChina’ssociety.Nowadays,Chinahasprovidednineyearfreeeducationforeachchild,andallthekidshaveafairchancetoenterschool.27.AccordingtoParagraph1,parentsprobablyfelt________duringtheonlineclassperiod.A.happy B.tired C.relaxed D.excited28.Whichofthefollowingstoriescanbethebestchoicefor“▲”?A.helpingYuGongmovethemountainsB.givingSimaGuangastonetobreakthevat(缸)C.askingKongRongtogiveawaythebiggerpearsD.sendingtheMonkeyKingtoguardthePeachGarden(蟠桃园)29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coincidence”meaninParagraph2?A.精彩 B.特殊 C.差异 D.巧合30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AllthekidswenttoschoolinancientChina.B.Kidsneededtolearnallthesubjectsinancienttimes.C.EducationistakenseriouslyfromancientChinatillnow.D.Ancientpeoplehadaceremonyofstartingschoolforgirls.Passage3（2023·湖北荆门）WhenXiongChuanfa,34,blowsalifeliketigeroutofsugarinjustminutes,thinkingheisamagician.Xionghasbeenblowingsugarfigurines（吹糖人）fortwentyyears.BlowingsugarfigurinesisaChinesetraditionalfolkartwithahistoryofover600yearsandhasbeenlistedasastatelevelintangibleculturalheritage（非物质文化遗产）.Everymorning,XiongpreparesthesugaranddrivestodifferentmarketsinNanchangtostarthismagicshow.Heheatsthesugar,pullsoffalittletomakeaballandblowsitintodifferentshapes—arabbit,amonkey,andevenBingDwenDwen,themascotoftheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.Howeverbusyheis,heoftensparestimetodropbycollegestomakeyoungpeopleknowmoreaboutthefolkart.Manycollegestudentshavebeendrawn（吸引）totheart.Simon,aforeignstudent,hefounditdifficulttomakeit.ThankstoXiong’shelp,Simonfinallysawahorseslowlytakingshape.Simonwasdeeplymovedafterlearningabouttheart.“Ijustcan’tbelievethetraditionalfolkartcanbekeptsowellhere.Iloveit.Chinesecultureshouldbespreadaroundtheworld,”hesaid.Thisarthasbeenpasseddownforfourgenerations（代）inXiong’sfamily.His6yearoldsonoftenblowssugarballoons,justlikewhatheusedtodoasachild.“Wewillpassontheintangibleheritage,”saidXiong.8.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatXiongChuanfabeganblowingsugarfigurinesattheageof________.A.6 B.14 C.20 D.349.WhichofthefollowingcanbethepossiblereasonforXiongChuanfatovisitcolleges?A.Tohelpyoungpeoplelearndrawingskills.B.Tosellhissugarfigurines.C.Todrawyoungpeopleclosertothefolkart.D.Toshowhismagicskills.10.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninfer（推断）thatSimonwillmostprobably________.A.learnmoreaboutChinesecultureB.offerXiongahelpinghandinclassC.stayinChinatoblowsugarfigurinesD.blowperfectsugarfigurinesnexttime11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.XiongandHisFolkArtofSweetBlowB.TheHistoryofBlowingSugarFigurinesC.Xiong’sFamilyandSugarFigurineSkillsD.AGuideandtheIntangibleHeritagesPassage4（2023·湖北宜昌）ZhiNongwasborninasmalltowninYunnanProvince.Whenhewasyoung,hemovedtoKunmingwithhismother.Feelinglikeacaged(笼中的)birdinbigcity,hewasboredwiththebusyandnoisycitylifeandlookedforwardtonature.Hischancesooncame.In1983,hehelpedshootadocumentaryaboutbirds.Thatexperienceledhimtolearnphotographyandtakephotosofflyingbirds.Inthe1980s,theInternetwasnotthatpopularinChinaandcameraswereexpensive.Hemanagedtoborrowacameraandthrewhimselfintostudyinghowtouseit.Duringthattime,thelibrarybecamehisfavoriteplacewherehefirstreadsomemagazinesaboutnature.Itopenedadoorforhimtoconnectwithnature.In1992,aresearchprogramwasorganizedtoprotectatypeofunusualmonkeyswhichonlyliveinChina.Usuallythehomeofthesemonkeyshashalfayearlongwinters.ItcreatedgreatchallengesforZhiNong’swork,butheneverdrewback.“Ididn’tseethemonkeysinthewilduntilIwentintothemountainsthethirdtime,”saidZhiNong.Hewentintothesnowmountainssixtimesjusttogetvaluablephotographsofthemonkeys.Threeyearslater,hisworkswoninternationalprizes.PeoplearoundtheworldbegantopayattentiontotheprotectionofwildanimalsinChina.AndheisthefirstChinesewinneroftheworldWildlifePhotographeroftheYear.Inordertocalluptonsofpeopletoprotectwildlifewithcameras,hestarted“ChinaWildlifePhotographyTrainingCamp”.Hehopesthatmoreyoungpeoplewilljoininforthenatureprotection.31.WhatcanwelearnaboutZhiNongfromParagraph1?A.Hefeltlikeafreebird B.Hewassatisfiedwiththecitylife.C.HewasborninKunming. D.Hewouldliketoliveinthenature.32.WhichistherightorderofZhiNong’sexperience?a.Hewonsomeprizesintheworld.b.Hejoinedinshootingadocumentary.c.Hetooksomepicturesofmonkeys.d.Hesetupacamptotrainphotographers.Aabcd B.bcad C.cadb D.dabc33.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“drewback”meaninParagraph4?A.Gaveup. B.Grewup. C.Setout. D.Puton.34.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Adiary. B.Asurvey. C.Amagazine. D.aguidebook.35.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.APhotographer’sWayofProtectingNatureB.ADoorbetweenMagazinesandNatureC.DifficultiesofTakingWildlifePhotosD.WorldAttentiontoAnimalProtectionPassage5（2023·江苏连云港）Manyofushaveseenrainbowsintheskyoncethesunstartsshiningagainafteritrains.Forustoseearainbow,theconditionsneedtobejustright.Weneedsomewaterdropsintheair,likerainorevenfog,andweneedthesuntobebehindusandquitelowtotheground.Thisisbecausearainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.Thelightthatesfromthesunseemswhitetous.Butthewhitelightweseeismadeupofamixofdifferentcolors.Whenthelightgoesthrougharaindrop,thesecolorscanseparateout.Eachofthecolorsintherainbowhasadifferent“wavelength”(波长).Raindropslooklikelittleballs.Whenlighthitsoneoftheselittleballsofwater,thelightcanchangedirection.Wecallthis“refraction”(折射).Eachofthedifferentwavelengthsisrefracteddifferently.Ifthelighthitstheraindropattherightplace,therefractionseparatesthewavelengthsoutintotheirdifferentcolors.Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue.Blueandgreenarenexttoeachotherintherainbow,whichiswhywecanseeturquoise(amixofblueandgreen).Brownisamixofredandgreen.Buttheyaren’tnexttoeachotherintherainbow,sowedon’tseethemmixtomakebrown.Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.Blackiswhatweseewhenthere’snolightatall.Ontheotherhand,whiteisamixofallthecolorstogether.Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops,itseparatesthewhitelightout,meaningitisnolongerwhite.37.Wecanseearainbowundertherightconditionsbecause________.A.theraindropsarelikelittleballs B.thelightgoesthroughraindropsC.thesunshineseemstobecolorful D.theweatherisfoggyafteritrains38.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowaboutthecolorsintherainbow?A.Theycanbeebrownorblack. B.Thereareonlysevencolorsinall.C.Theymixtomakethewhitelight. D.Theirownplacescanbechanged.39.Whichpartofamagazinemaythispassagebetakenfrom?A.Science. B.Health. C.Culture. D.Fashion.40.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howarethecolorsreceivedintherainbow?B.Whencanthecolorsturnblueintherainbow?C.Whichcolorsaren’tcoveredwithlightintherainbow?D.Whycan’twefindwhite,blackandbrownintherainbow?Passage6（2023·江苏宿迁）Familyisveryimportantforeveryone,nomatterwhereyouarefrom.SoinbothEastandWest,peoplehavefestivalstocelebratefamilyreunions(团聚).ThesefestivalsincludetheMidAutumnFestivalinChinaandThanksgivingDayintheUS.Howaretheycelebratedandwhatarethedifferences?Let’stakealook.SharingthemoonlightTheMidAutumnFestivalisthesecondmostimportanttraditionalfestivalinChinaaftertheSpringFestival.It’sonthe15thdayoftheeighthmonthofChineselunarcalendar.InancientChina,thedaywasconsideredasaharvestfestivalsincefruits,vegetablesandgrain(谷物)hadbeencollectedfromthefields.Allthefamilygottogetherandhadabigdinner.Theyateaspecialfestivalfoodmooncakesandenjoyedthefullmoon.Onthatday,themoonisfull.ThefullmoonisasymbolforfamilyreunionswhichmeantuanyuaninChinese.Nowpeoplealsocelebratethefestivalbygettingtogetherandhavingabigdinner.Whenitgetsdark,peoplelookupatthefullmoon,eatingmooncakesandmissingfriendsandrelativeswhoarefarfromhome.“Wewisheachotheralonglifesoastosharethebeautyofthisgracefulmoonlight,eventhoughmilesapart!”wroteSuShi,afamousSongDynastypoet.ShowingthanksThanksgivingDayisoneofthebiggestholidaysintheUS.It’sonthefourthThursdayofNovember.Peoplevisittheirfriendsandrelativestoremindthemselvesthattheyareluckytohavehappiness,healthandfamilyandalsotohavearoofovertheirheads.In1621,about100Englishpeopletookaship,theMayflower,andarrivedinthenortheasternUS.Thewintertherewasverycoldandlifewashard.AstheAmericanIndianshelpedthemalot,theEnglishpeopleaskedthemtohaveabigmealwiththeninordertoexpresstheirthanks.Thecelebrationlastedforthreedays.Today,peopleusuallyhaveafamilymealonThanksgivingDay.Theyenjoydeliciousfoodsuchaspumpkinscornandabig,goldenturkey.Thereareothertraditionsontheday.Forexample,theturkeyhasaVshapedboneinthebreast.It’scalledawishbone.Afterroasting(烤),twopersonseachtakeoneendofthebone.Theymakeawishandthenpullit.Ifonegetsthelargerpartofthebone,heorshewillgetgoodluck.ThemostimportantpartofThanksgivingDayistosay“thanks”—thisisthespiritoftheholiday.PeoplealsoliketowatchtheThanksgivingDayParadeonTV.38.WhydidpeoplecelebratetheMidAutumnFestivalinancientChina?A.Becausepeoplecouldeatmooncakes.B.Becausepeopleenjoyedthefullmoon.C.Becausepeoplecouldgettogetherwithrelatives.D.Becausepeoplehadagoodharvestfromthefields.39Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“tohavearoofovertheirheads”inthepassageprobablymean?A.Tohavesomewheretolive. B.Tohavefoodtoeat.C.Tohavefriendstotalkto. D.Tohaveclothestowear.40.WhatisthespiritofThanksgivingDay?A.Topullthebone. B.ToplayAmericanfootball.C.Tosay“thanks”. D.TowatchtheParade.41.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?AThebackgroundtothetwofestivals. B.Theintroductiontothetwofestivals.C.Theactivitiesofthetwofestivals. D.Thecustomsofthetwofestivals.Passage7（2023·江苏扬州）Whatwouldhappenifyoutriedtoblowasoap(肥皂)bubbleinbelowfreezingweather?Woulditfreezeandfalltotheground?Wouldyouhavetohititwithastonetobreakit?Thesequestionscameintomymindonecoldwinterday.Itwastoocoldtoplayinthesnow,butitwasaperfecttimetoexperimentwithblowingfrozenbubbles.Toblowfrozenbubbles,Ihadtowaituntiltheairoutsidewasverycold.Forthisactivity,thatmeant10degreesbelow0Fahrenheitorcolder.Ididn’thavethebubblethingsthateinabottle,soIuseddishwashingsoap.Addingadropofglycerinmadethesoapworkevenbetter.Ichoseaplaceoutofthewind,andblewbubblesthesamewayIalwaysdo.Iwatchedtoseewhatwouldhappen.Here’swhatIlearned.Ifthetemperatureislowenough,theskinofthebubblefrosts(结霜)over,beingcloudyinsteadofclear.Andwhataboutthoserainbowswirls(漩涡状物体)thatyouseeinsoapbubbles?Therainbowcolorsstayeven(均匀的)whenthebubblesfrost,buttheydon’tspinanymore.Thebubblesstillfloatintheair.Theydon’tfalltothegroundanyfasterthantheywouldonawarmsummerday.Whenthesefrozenbubblesbreak,theydon’tturnintotinydropsofsoapassummerbubblesdo.Theyturnintoshinyrainbowpiecesandflyslowlytotheground.Sometimesafrozenbubblewillrollacrossthesnowwithoutbreaking.Ifitbreaks,itmayleaveastrongbubbleskinontheground.Leavethebubblealoneanditmaystaythereforalongtime.SometimesIcouldcatchabubbleandholdituntiltheheatofmyhandmadeitpop.Ilearnedoneotherthingaboutblowingfrozenbubbles.It’ssomuchfun.Iwanttotryitagainnextyear!34.Howdoesthewriterbeginthepassage?A.Byparingtwotypesofbubbles.B.Bydescribingthefreezingcoldweather.C.Byaskingsomequestionsaboutthesubject.D.Bypresentingthetoolsneededtodotheexperiment.35.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.Makingsoapthatcanworkevenbetter.B.Makingbubblesthatwillstaylonger.C.Inventinganewkindofsoapthatmakesclearerbubbles.D.Findingoutwhathappenstobubblesinfreezingtemperatures.36.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifyoublowfrozensoapbubbles?A.Coldenough,theskinofthebubbleswillstayclear.B.Whenthebubblesfrost,therainbowcolorswillspinfaster.C.Afrozenbubblemayrollacrossthesnowwithoutbreaking.D.Whenthesefrozenbubblesbreak,theyturnintotinydropsofsoap.37.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Ascienceclub B.BrokenbubblesC.Ahappychild D.FrozenbubblesPassage8（2023·江苏扬州）Thescientificmethodisusedforsimpleexperimentsthatstudentsmaydointheclassroomorverydifficultexperimentsthatscientistsaredoingallovertheworld.Itisawayofthinkingthathelpsyoutoavoiddrawingincorrectconclusions.Thereareusuallyfourstepsinthescientificmethod,includingobservation(观察),hypothesis(假设),experiment,andconclusion.Thestepsmaynotalwaysbepletedinthesameorder,butthefirststepisusuallyobservationandaskingaquestionaboutyourobservation.Forexample,youhadasickstomach,andateacandybar.Anhourlater,youobservedthatyoufeltmuchbetter.Here,youcanaskaquestion,suchas,“Whatmakesasickstomachfeelbetter?”Thesecondstepistostateapossibleanswertothequestion,orahypothesis,suchas“”Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutesorconclusions.Thethirdstepistheexperiment,totestthehypothesis.Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.Thehypothesiswillthenbetrueorfalse.Thefinalstepistothinkaboutwhathappenedwhenyoutestedthehypothesisanddrawaconclusion.Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.Iftheresultssupportthehypothesis,aconclusioncanbewrittenandyoucanshareitwiththerestoftheworld.Ifitdoesnotsupportthehypothesis,youmaychoosetochangethehypothesisorwriteanewonebasedonwhatwaslearnedduringtheexperiment.42.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdothefourbasicstepsinthescientificmethodwork?B.Whatmakesagoodhypothesisbasedontheobservation?C.Theconclusionwillalwaysclearlysupportthehypothesis.D.Learningthescientificmethodmayhelpstudentssucceedinscience.43.WhichsentenceshouldgointheemptyboxinParagr