新高考英语二轮复习题型专练04 高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空(原卷版)

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）04高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空【技法总结】高频考点非谓语动词【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.

2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.

3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel(challenge).5.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.6.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.答案：1.dying2.toimprove

3.feeding4.looking;challenged5.being6.saying【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1.巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,且正在进行,要想到用现在分词形式(doing);(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系,且表完成,要想到用过去分词形式(done);(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作,作状语表示目的,在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等,要想到用不定式形式(todo)。2.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式It’s+形容词+(for/ofsb.+)todosth.;It’snogood/use/pleasuredoingsth.;find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+todosth.。3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词4.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句,必须要有谓语,一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词,则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;(2)若句中找到了谓语动词,而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时,则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。【重点知识提示】一、非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语1.非谓语动词中能做主语的有动名词和不定式(1)动名词做主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式做主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。(2)it做形式主语，代替真正做主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：Itis/wasnouse/good＋doingsth.;Itis/wasuselessdoingsth.;It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.;It's＋adj.＋for/ofsb.＋todosth.等。2．非谓语动词中能做表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词做表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词做表语意为“本身感到……的”。3．非谓语动词中能做宾语的有动名词和不定式(1)只能跟动名词做宾语的动词和短语：suggest、imagine、mind、admit、practise、risk、keep、keepon、avoid、escape、enjoy、consider、finish、miss、insiston、lookforwardto、feellike、getdownto、objectto等。(2)只能跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语：wish、hope、decide、refuse、promise、pretend、manage、want、plan、fail、choose、wouldlike等。(3)既可跟动名词又可跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语：remember、forget、regret、stop、goon、try等。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事此事未做,forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事此事已做过或已发生))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停止、中断某件事，目的是去做另一件事,stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.记住去做某事未做,rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事已做))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾常跟say、tell、,inform等,regretdoingsth.对做过的事后悔))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.努力做某事,trydoingsth.尝试做某事))Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.睡觉前记得关灯。Irememberreadingabouttheearthquakeinthenewspaper.我记得在报纸上读过关于该地震的文章。二、非谓语动词做定语定语形式功能现在分词一般式doing表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中现在分词一般式的被动结构beingdone表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中过去分词done表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成动词不定式todo表示将要发生的动作动词不定式一般式的被动结构tobedone表示将要被做的动作三、非谓语动词做状语1.不定式做状语不定式主要可以做目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。(1)在too...todo、enoughtodo、so/such...astodo结构中做状语表目的。·Heissuchagoodteacherastoberespectedbyallhisstudents.他是个如此好的老师，以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。(2)在only/justtodo结构中，表示出乎意料的结果。·Herushedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.他匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。(3)在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprisedtodosth.结构中做状语表原因。·Hewassurprisedtobeinformedofthenews.被告知这一消息，他感到吃惊。2．分词做状语(1)v.－ing形式：现在分词做状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且含有进行之意。(2)v.－ed形式：①过去分词做状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且含有完成之意。②源于系表结构的部分过去分词做状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。·Followingtheteacher,somestudentsenteredtheclassroom.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)·Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)(3)havingdone/havingbeendone强调分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前。·Nothavingfinishedmyhomework,Ihadtostayathome.(动词finish与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动词表示的动作发生)(4)有些分词或不定式短语做状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generallyspeaking一般来说franklyspeaking坦白地说judgingfrom/by根据……来判断totell(you)thetruth说实话tobegin/startwith起初；开始tobehonest诚实地说tomakethings/mattersworse让事情变得更糟糕的是四、非谓语动词做补语1.有些动词和动词短语后接不定式做宾语补足语，形式为“动词(短语)＋宾语＋宾补(不定式)”。如：advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、encourage、expect、forbid、force、invite、persuade、teach、remind、warn、wish、callon、dependon等。·Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。2．“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see、watch、observe、notice、lookat、hear、listento、feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。3．make/have/get/keep/leave＋宾语＋补语宾补宾补动词＋宾语todo－ingdonemake＋宾语do×√keep＋宾语×√√have＋宾语do/todo(区别：havesb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”；havesth.todo意为“有某事要做”，todo做后置定语)√(表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事)√(表示让别人做某事或让某事被做)get＋宾语√√√leave＋宾语√√√·Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。4．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。·Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。·Withhishaircut,helookedmuchyounger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式在任何情况下都用主动形式，表示被动意义。·Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican'tgoskatingwithyou.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。【专题训练】1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheChineseGovernment1.(create)theChineseFarmers’HarvestFestivalin2018,2.(make)itthefirsttimethatanationalfestivalhasbeenspeciallysetupforfarmers.Thefestivalwillbecelebrated3.(annual)ontheautumnalequinox(秋分).Theactionshowsthegovernment’sconcernaboutagricultureanditspeopletodrawthewholesociety’sattentiontoChinesefarmers,4.workhardtostrengthenthecountry’sdevelopment.Thefestivalfallingontheautumnalequinoxalsoshowsrespect5.traditional24solartermswhich6.(follow)byChinesepeoplesinceabout2,200yearsago.Meanwhile,itmirrorsChinesepeople’sknowledgeofseasonalchangesinnatureandtheirwillingnesstoadapttonaturalrules.Althoughclimatesandcropsdifferin7.(difference)partsofChina,mostcropsmatureinautumn,andthusit’sthebesttimetocelebratetheharvest.Thefestival8.(accompany)bycertainrituals(仪式)isespeciallyimportanttoChina,anagriculturalcountrywith9.(thousand)ofyearsofhistory.Awholeyear’shardworkbringsbigharvests,fillingfannerswithjoy.Notonlywillthisfestivalcelebrateharvests10.itwillbeareminderthatmoreattentionneedstobepaidtoagricultureandfarmers,aswellastraditionalculture.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tiedtoskis(滑雪板)andpulledarounda11.(freeze)lakebyathoroughbredracehorse—skijöringisasportlikenoother.Thehardyskierstravelatfrighteningspeeds,usingjusttheirvoiceandasetofrulestoguidethehorsesaroundtheicytrack.The12.(usual)sportisconsideredtheshowpieceeventoftheWhiteTurfraces—awinteryfestivalheldattheupmarketskiresortofSt.Moritz.Thesportrequirestheabilitytomixskiingtalent13.ahigh-levelofhorsemanship.“Duringtheraceyouneedareallystrongvoice,”two-timeracewinnerValeriaHolingertoldCNNSport.“Onlybyshoutingcanyoumakethehorsego14.(fast)thanothers”.Competitorsmustwaituntilthey’re18before15.(allow)toparticipateintheevent.Eventhen,driver—asthey’reknown—mustpassfitnesstests16.hardtheoryexams—forgoodreason,too.Notonly17.(be)theytravelingatincrediblespeeds,thereisalsotheaddeddangerof18.(full)grownracehorsestrampling(踩)ontheskis.Inaddition,thespeedinghooves(马蹄)kickuphugeamountsofsnowandice19.crashintothelegsoftheskiersbehind.Suchuniquethreatscallforunique20.(protect).Driversarerequiredtousefacemaskstokeepthesnowoutoftheireyesandwearbodyarmorundertheirskisuits.3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ARelayEventBringsDiverseCulturesTogetherWhenHermanKambugureceivedthegoodnewshewasexpecting,hedidsomethingunusual.Heranfor32kmin21.(celebrate).Kambugu,whoworksfortheStandardCharteredBank(StanChart)inUganda,wasamongtheover86,000employeesaroundtheworldwhohadattempted22.(take)partinarelayacrossBeltandRoadcountriesasawaytoseehowtheBeltandRoadInitiative(一带一路)isdeveloping.KambuguandsevenmoreofhiscoworkersinStanChart’sofficesaroundtheworldvisited44destinationsalongtheBeltandRoadroutes,23.helpedthemunderstandtheinitiativebetter.Kambugu24.(witness)howtheBeltandRoadInitiativeischanginglifefor25.betterinEastAfricasofar,“TheMombasa-NairobiRailwayhasnotonlyshortenedtransportationtime,butalsocreatedover20,000jobsforlocalpeopleinKenya，”hesaid.SerenaLeungfromtheHongKongofficesaid26.shehadseenduringherjourneyimpressed27.(she).Insomeplaces,peoplegreetedtheminMandarin.Theyspokeit28.(fluently)thansomepeoplefromHongKong，shesaidjokingly.“Byrunningtogether,werunfurther，”addedThereseNeo，acustomermanagerfromtheSingaporeoffice.Asshesawit,thecountries29.(participate)intheBeltandRoadInitiativewerelikethe30.(runner).Whentheyjoinforces,theyhaveabettersharedfuture.4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China'sresearchicebreakerXuelong,31.126crewmembersaboardonthe35thAntarcticresearchmission,onThursdaylocaltimelefttheZhongshanStationon32.(it)waybacktoChina.SnowEagle601,China'sfirstfixed-wingaircraftforpolarflight,onThursdaynightalsodepartedfromtheAntarcticafter33.(complete)allassignments.Xuelong,34.arrivednearZhongshanonFeb9,suppliedthestationwithfueloil,andthenpickedupsummerexpeditionteammembersattheKunlun,TaishanandZhongshanstations,aswellas35.(member)ofthefixed-wingaircraftproject.SixteenmembersoftheKunlunteam36.(previous)completedallscientificexpeditionsatDomeArgus(DomeA),theSouthPole'shighesticecap.They,togetherwith21membersoftheTaishanteam,37.(return)toZhongshanonFeb8.TheZhongshanteamcompletedtasksincludinginstallationofandtestsforLiDAR,drillingoficebedrock,atmosphericsounding38.(observe),surveysofbirdsandaerialexplorationcarriedoutbythefixed-wingaircraft.AsthesummerexpeditionteamatZhongshanleft,19memberswouldstayforwinterexpeditions.Also39.(know）astheSnowDragon,theicebreakercarryingaresearchteamsetsailfromShanghaionNov2lastyear,beginning40.country's35thAntarcticexpedition.ItisexpectedtoarriveinShanghaiinmid-March.5阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Onenight,41.winter,abearcameintothecityinVancouverCanada.Itwalkedthroughthecitystreetspasthouses,shopsandoffices.Thenit42.(find)somefoodinbinsoutsidearestaurantandstartedeating.Inthemorning,someonesawthebearandcalledthepolice.Thepolicecamewithavet(兽医)fromthecityzoo.Theyputthebearinalorryandtookittothemountainsoutsidethecity.43.(lucky),thebearwassafe.But44.happensinothercountrieswhenbiganimalscomeintocities?InVancouveritisunusual45.(see)abear,butinsomecitiesyoucanseebiganimalsonthecitystreetseveryday.Biganimalsusuallycomeintocitiestofindfood.InCapeTowninSouthAfricababoons(狒狒)comeintothecitywhentheyare46.(hunger).Humanfoodisverybadforthebaboons47.(tooth)becauseithasalotofsugar.Now,thereareBaboonMonitorsworkinginCapeTown.48.(they)jobistofindbaboonsinthecityandreturnthemtothecountryside.InBerlininGermany,pigssometimescomeintothecityforfood.Theyeatflowersandplantsinparksandgardens.Sometimestheyeatvegetablesfromgardens49.theywalkinthestreet,causingaccidents.Somepeoplelikethepigsandtheygivethemfoodandwatertodrink.Otherpeopledonotlikethepigsandtheywantthegovernmentandthepolicetostopthem50.(enter)thecity.6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thefirstblockbuster(大片)ofChinasetinspace,“TheWanderingEarth,”opensTuesdayduringgrandexpectations51.itwillrepresentthedawningofanewerainChinesefilmmaking.“TheWanderingEarth,”52.(show)in3-D,takesplaceinadistantfutureinwhichthesunisabouttoexpandintoaredgiantanddevour(吞噬)theEarth.It53.(adapt)fromworksbyLiuCixin,thewriter54.hasledarenaissanceinsciencefictionhere,55.(become)thefirstChinesewinneroftheHugoAwardin2015.Hisnovelsaresplendidand56.(deep)researched.Thatmakes57.(they)reasonablefantasiesabouthumanity’smeetingwithadangerousuniverse.TheopeningsalsocomeasChinareachedamilestoneinspace:thelandingofaprobeon58.farsideofthemooninJanuary.AlthoughdecadesbehindRussiaandtheUnitedStates,Chinahasnowputastronauts59.orbitandhasambitiousplanstojoin—orevenlead—anewageofspaceexploration.“Ithinkthereisaveryclose60.(connect)betweenChinesecinemaandthenation’sfortunes,”saidShaDan,acuratorattheChinaFilmArchive.7阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BecautiousofFridaythe13th！Manypeoplethinkthedayisunlucky.61.（fortune）,there'sonlyoneFridaythe13ththisyear.Asthelegendgoes，youshouldtrynot62.（break）anymirrors，walkunderaladder，orevenspillanysalt.Why？Researcherssay63.istoughtofindouthowthetraditioncameintobeing.Manybelieveithas64.（religion）origins.IntheChristianfaith，therewere13guestsattablefortheLastSupper，whichwasheldthedaybeforetheFriday65.Jesusdied.Now，Fridaythe13hhasbecomeaculturalwonder.Many