重难点09阅读理解之记叙文2022年中考英语专练

重难点09阅读理解之记叙文中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟4050个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。1.主旨题解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。2.细节题解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。3.推断题解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。4.猜测词义题解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。记叙文热衷于人物故事类。（2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题）话题：97岁高龄的GiuseppePaterno成功获得了大学学位难度：★★建议用时：6分Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimeetrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.Mr.Paterno’sstoryhasbeenreportedaroundtheworld,partlybecauseofhisage.Buthehasalsodrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofbelief.HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic（新冠疫情）.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildreninaverypoorfamily.Mr.Paternobeganworkingsoonafterfinishingprimaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretiredinthemid1980sthathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscanetrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—notinagebutinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests,”saidRosellaCancila,histeacherofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathreeyeardegree,thenatwoyearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.△“Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit,”hesaid,addingthatalltheattentionhadmadehimabittired.Still,Mr.Paternosaidthathewouldprobablytrytogethismaster’sdegreebuthehadn’tdecidedyet.阅读以上短文。根据其内容回答其后各个小题。1．GiuseppePaterno’sdreamofalifetimeisto________.A．drawpeople’sattention B．worktosupporthisfamilyC．getuniversitydegree D．encouragethechildreninhiscounty2．Theunderlinedword“belief”inparagraph2probablymeans________.A．品格 B．信念 C．责任 D．观点3．AccordingtoRossellaCancia,developinginterestscanhelppeoplestay________.A．younginspirit B．younginage C．healthyinbody D．healthyinmind4．Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbebestputinthe“△”?A．Andheisquitesure. B．Butheisn’tsosure.C．Andheagreespletely. D．Buthedoesn’tagreeatall.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SeeingIsBelieving. B．PracticeMakesPerfect.C．ActionsSpeakLouderThanWords. D．It’sNeverTooLatetoFollowDream.【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．B5．D【分析】本文讲述了97岁高龄的GiuseppePaterno成功获得了大学学位，实现了自己一生的梦想。1．细节理解题。根据“GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimeetrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.”可知，GiuseppePaterno一生的梦想是得到大学学位。故选C。2．词义猜测题。根据“HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic”可知，GiuseppePaterno的故事鼓舞了很多处于困境的孩子，此处指的是信念的力量，所以“belief”的意思是“信念”。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscanetrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—notinagebutinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests”可知，培养兴趣可以让人保持精神上的年轻。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据“UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.”以及“Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit”可知，GiuseppePaterno不确定是否继续自己的学业。故选B。5．最佳标题。阅读全文可知，本文讲述了97岁高龄的GiuseppePaterno成功获得了大学学位，实现了自己一生的梦想，所以D选项“追求梦想永远不会太迟。”是本文最佳标题。故选D。2、（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）话题：在脱贫战斗中涌现出的英雄难度：★★建议用时：6分Poverty（贫穷）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahasdoneagoodjobtodealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.Duringfightingpoverty,we’vebeenmovedbymanyheroes.HelpingGirls◆ZhangGuimei◆Lijiang,Yunnan◆Manygirlscouldn’tgotoschoolbecausetheywereverypoor.◆Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,800girlsgotocollege.BuildingaRoad◆MaoXianglin◆Wushan,Chongqing◆Villagerslivedonthe1,000﹣meter﹣highcliffs（悬崖峭壁）.Soittookthemthreedaystowalktothenearesttowninthepast.◆Mr.Maoledvillagerstobuildaroadwiththeirhandsfor7years.Nowtheyspendjustanhourdrivingtothenearesttown.Localpeoplecansellfruittootherplacesconveniently.PlantingMushrooms（蘑菇）◆ChenZaiming◆JingdongYi,Yunnan◆Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.Butvillagersdidn’tknowhowtogrowthem.◆Mr.Chentaughtvillagerstoplantmushroomsandhelpedthemmakeover5millionyuan.ChineseAchievements◆832counties（县）and128,000villagesarenolongerinpoverty.◆98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.◆Chinaisresponsibleforreducing70percentofpovertysincethelate1970sallovertheworld.Whohelpedgirlsgotocollege？A．ZhangGuimei. B．MaoXianglin. C．ChenZaiming. D．Allabove.7．HowdidpeoplegotothenearesttowninWushan,Chongqinginthepast？A．Onfoot. B．Bybus. C．Bycar. D．Bytrain.8．Whichplacewaswell﹣knownforwildmushroomsinthetext？A．Lijiang. B．Wushan. C．JingdongYi. D．Notmentioned.9．Howmanyvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8yearsinChina？A．832. B．1,800. C．12,8000. D．98,990,000.10．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A．Girlsdidn’twanttogotoschoolinLijiang,Yunnan.B．IttakespeoplethreehourstodrivetothenearesttowninWushannow.C．PeopleusedtobegoodatgrowingwildmushroomsinJingdongYi.D．Chinahasgotthegreatestachievementonliftingoutofpoverty.【答案】6．A7．A8．C9．D10．D【分析】本文讲述了中国在脱贫战斗中涌现出的英雄以及他们所做出的贡献。6．细节理解题。根据“ZhangGuimei…Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,800girlsgotocollege”可知，张贵梅帮助女孩们上学，故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“Wushan,Chongqing…Soittookthemthreedaystowalktothenearesttowninthepast.”可知，过去重庆巫山的人们去最近的镇上，需要步行去，故选A。8．细节理解题。根据“JingdongYi,Yunnan…Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.”可知，云南省的景东彝族自治县因为野生蘑菇而出名，故选C。9．细节理解题。根据“98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.”可知，8年来，9899万村民实现了脱贫。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据“Poverty（贫穷）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahasdoneagoodjobtodealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.”可知，中国在脱贫方面已经取得了伟大的成就，故选D。3、（2021·广西河池·中考真题）话题：盲人王香君难度：★★建议用时：6分WangXiangjunisthefirstblindstudenttotakegaokaoinAnhui.ShewenttoamusiccollegeinTianjinin2015.It’sneveraneasythingforblindpeopletodothat.Wangwasblindwhenshewasborn.Attheageofeight,shestartedtolearntoplaythepiano.ThefirstproblemforWangwastofindthekeys.Shehadtolistentothemelody（旋律）againandagain,keepitinmindandthenpracticeplayingitoverandoveragain.Sheworkedveryhardandplayedbetterandbetter.Musicmadeherconfidentandhappy.“Manykindpeoplehelpedmeoverthepastyears.Iwishtopassontheloveandkindnesstomoreblindchildrenbyworkingasateacher.”saidWangaftershegraduatedfromcollegein2019.Herdreamcametruesoon.ShebecameapianoteacherintheHefeiSpecialEducationCenterthatyear.NowWanglivesabusybuthappylife.“Allofmystudentsaresolovely.Iknowtheirdifficultiesinlearning.Icanteachthemwithmyexperienceandletthemknowthereishopeandabrightfutureahead,”saidWang.11．It’sneveraneasythingfor________togotocollege.A．oldpeople B．youngpeople C．blindpeople D．deafpeople12．Wangstartedtolearntoplaythepianowhenshewas________yearsold.A．seven B．eight C．nine D．ten13．ThefirstproblemforWangis________whenshestartedtoplaythepiano.A．tofindthekeys B．tolistentothemelodyC．tokeepthemelodyinmind D．toplaythepianowithfingers14．AfterWanggraduatedfromcollegein2019,shewantedtoworkas________.A．aworker B．anurse C．ateacher D．anofficer15．Wanghelpedherstudentsknowthereishopeandabright________ahead.A．job B．sun C．road D．future【答案】11．C12．B13．A14．C15．D【分析】本文主要讲述了第一位参加高考的盲人王香君通过音乐来找到自信，并且她把自己的经历告诉给学生们，让他们明白前面有希望和明亮的未来。11．细节理解题。根据“It’sneveraneasythingforblindpeopletodothat”可知，盲人参加高考并不容易，故选C。12．细节理解题。根据“Attheageofeight,shestartedtolearntoplaythepiano”可知，在八岁时学习弹钢琴，故选B。13．细节理解题。根据“ThefirstproblemforWangwastofindthekeys”可知，第一个问题是找到钢琴上的键，故选A。14．细节理解题。根据“Iwishtopassontheloveandkindnesstomoreblindchildrenbyworkingasateacher”可知，她想成为一名老师，故选C。15．细节理解题。根据“Icanteachthemwithmyexperienceandletthemknowthereishopeandabrightfutureahead”可知，让学生知道有希望和光明的未来，故选D。4、（2021·辽宁葫芦岛·中考真题）话题：微信的创始人难度：★★建议用时：6分Thereareabout1.4billion(十亿)peopleinChina.WeChatispartoflifeformanyChinese.Weuseittochat,sendphotos,payforthings,etc.Itisplayingabiggerrole.ButdoyouknowwhoinventedWeChat?ThemanbehinditisZhangXiaolong.Heisthevicepresident(副总裁)ofTencentandiscalled“FatherofWeChat”.ZhangXiaolongwasborninShaoyang,HunanProvincein1969.HegraduatedfromHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyin1994.Whileatuniversity,hehadmanyhobbies,suchaschess,tennisandbowling.Hisclassmatessaidwhateverhedid,hecouldgetquitegoodatitaftertryinghardforseveralyears.Helikedtosleeplate,butthatdidn’tmeanhewaslazy.Hewouldkeepworkinghardonsomethingformanyhourstillmidnight.Suchacleverandhardworkingmanwouldsurelysucceed.In1997,hecreatedFoxmailandachievedsuccess.HecreatedWeChatin2011,anditbecameabiggersuccess.Itissoeasytouse.________.Becauseofit,Zhanghasbeerichandsuccessful,buthealwayskeepsalowprofile(低调).Fewpeopleknowabouthim.Heonlyletshisworkspeakforhim.YoumayhaveagoodunderstandingofhimbyusingWeChat.January21,2021wasthe10thbirthdayofWeChat.It’ssaidthatZhangXiaolongismakinghisanother10yearplanforWeChat.Willhesurpriseusagain?That’sforsure.16．Ifyouforgettotakemoney,youcan________byWeChat.A．cook B．chat C．sendphotos D．payforthings17．ZhangXiaolonglefthisuniversity________.A．in1969 B．in1994 C．in1997 D．in201118．AccordingtoZhang’sclassmates,hewas________atuniversity.A．lazy B．hardworking C．relaxed D．friendly19．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe“________”inthethirdparagraph?A．AboutonebillionpeopleuseitnowB．FewpeoplefindWeChatveryinterestingC．PeopleneveruseWeChatintheirdailylifeD．SomeonelikesusingWeChattodomanythings20．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．ZhangXiaolonglikesspeakingforhimself.B．PeoplehaveusedWeChatforlessthantenyears.C．WeChatisplayingabiggerroleinpeople’slives.D．ZhangXiaolongcangetgoodatsomethingeasily.【答案】16．D17．B18．B19．A20．C【分析】本文介绍了微信的创始人——张小龙的成长背景，以及他做人的风格，并且作者期待着微信的另一个十年计划所带来的惊喜。16．细节理解题。根据“Weuseittochat,sendphotos,payforthings,etc”可知，人们可以用微信付款，故选D。17．细节理解题。根据“HegraduatedfromHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyin1994”可知，在1994年离开大学，故选B。18．细节理解题。根据“Hewouldkeepworkinghardonsomethingformanyhourstillmidnight”可知，他是一个勤奋的学生，故选B。19．句意猜测题。根据“Itissoeasytouse”及“Becauseofit,Zhanghasbeerichandsuccessful”可知，微信很容易用，所以很多人现在都在用微信，这些让张小龙变得又成功又富有，A选项“现在大约有10亿人在使用它”符合，故选A。20．推理判断题。根据“Thereareabout1.4billion(十亿)peopleinChina.WeChatispartoflifeformanyChinese”可知，微信在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，C表述正确，故选C。5、（2021·辽宁营口·中考真题）话题：袁隆平难度：★★建议用时：6分TheBrightestStarintheSkyYuanLongpingisoneofthemostfamousscientists.Heregardshimselfasafarmerbecausehedoshisresearchinthefields.Infact,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsoffarmers.Dr.YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybrid（杂交性的）rice.In1974,hebecamethefirstagricultural（农业的）pioneerinthewordtogrowricehathasahighoutput（产量）.Thisspecialricemakesitpossibletoproduceone﹣thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthehybridricestrain（品种，种类）.HewasborninBeijingin1930.SincehegraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Hesearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding（扩大，增加）theareaofthefields.Inarecentresearch，theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld'speoplearefedfromjust7%ofthefarmlandinChina.India,Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountrieshaveplantedsuperhybridricetoincreasetheirriceharvests.Unluckily,hediedonMay22,2021.Thoughhewasillinbed,hestillcaredabouthisriceinthefields.Healwayssaid,"Amanisjustlikeaseed.Pleasebeagoodseed."YuanworksforthepeoplenotonlyinChinabutalsoaroundtheworld.Hehasbeeaheroandisrememberedineveryone'sheartforever.Heiscalled"thebrighteststarinthesky"byhisstudents.21．WhatdoesYuanLongpingdo?A．Afarmer. B．Apioneer. C．Ascientist. D．Ahero.22．WhydoesYuanLongpingcallhimselfafarmer?A．Becauseofhissunburntfaceandarms.B．Becauseofhisworkingplaceinthefields.C．Becauseofhisslimandstrongbody.D．Becauseofhisresearchofsuperhybridwheat.23．YuanLongpingwas________yearsoldwhenhebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworld.A．68 B．91 C．44 D．8924．Accordingt