2024-2025学年高中英语Unit2TheUnitedKingdomReading课时作业1新人教版必修5

Unit2TheUnitedKingdomReading第一节：阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AEverywhereIlookoutsidemyhomeIseepeoplebusyontheirhigh­techdevices,whiledriving,walking,shopping,evensittingintoilets.Whenconnectedelectronically,theyareawayfromphysicalreality.Peoplehavebeeninfluencedtobecometechnologyaddicted.Onesurveyreportedthat“addicted”wasthewordmostcommonlyusedbypeopletodescribetheirrelationshiptoiPadandsimilardevices.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplehadahardertimeresistingtheallureofsocialmediathantheydidforsleep,cigarettesandalcohol.Themaingoaloftechnologycompaniesistogetpeopletospendmoremoneyandtimeontheirproducts,nottoactuallyimproveourqualityoflife.Theyhavesuccessfullycreatedaculturaldisease.Consumerswillinglygiveuptheirfreedom,moneyandtimetocatchuponthelatestinformation,tokeeppacewiththeirpeersortoappearmodern.Iseepeopletrappedinapathological(病态的)relationshipwithtime­suckingtechnology,wheretheyservetechnologymorethantechnologyservesthem.Icallthistechnologyservitude.Iamreferringtoalossofpersonalfreedomandindependencebecauseofuncontrolledconsumptionofmanykindsofdevicesthateatuptimeandmoney.Whatisahealthyuseoftechnologydevices?Thatisthevitalquestion.Whoisreallyinchargeofmylife?Thatiswhatpeopleneedtoaskthemselvesifwearetohaveanychanceofbreakingupfalsebeliefsabouttheiruseoftechnology.Whenwecanlivehappilywithoutusingsomuchtechnologyforadayoraweek,thenwecanregaincontrolandpersonalfreedom,becomethemasteroftechnologyanddiscoverwhatthereistoenjoyinlifefreeoftechnology.MaeWestisfamousforthewisdomthat“toomuchofagoodthingiswonderful.”Butit'stimetodiscoverthatitdoesnotworkfortechnology.RichardFernandez,anexecutivecoachatGoogleacknowledgedthat“wecanbesweptawaybyourtechnologies.”Tobreakthegranddigitalconnectionpeoplemustconsiderhowlifelongagocouldbefantasticwithouttoday'soverusedtechnology.21．Theunderlinedword“allure”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A．advantage B．attractionC．adaption D．attempt22．Fromthepassage,technologycompaniesaimto________.A．attractpeopletobuytheirproductsB．providethelatestinformationC．improvepeople'squalityoflifeD．dealwithculturaldiseases23．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheoverusingofhigh­techdevices?A．Neutral. B．Skeptical.C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.答案与解析文中讲解并描述人们过度运用科技的弊端，反对大众对科技的过度依靠。BStoreScent(香味)Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayed(展示)attheentrance?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?Buthaveyouevernoticedthesmell?Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashop'sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovingtobeanincreasinglypowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers'intentiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinParis,scentisjustasimportanttoabrand'ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.Someyearsago，thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistants'disprovingattitudeanddon't­touchwhatyoucan'tafforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce(ecommerce)hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhileeshopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricksandmortarstores(实体店)canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.Now,afamousstoreusescomplexmanmadesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut(椰子)scentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestore'swindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.24.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstores?A.Friendlyassistants.B.Uniquescents.C.SoftbackgroundmusicD.Attractivewindowdisplay.25.Eshopsarementionedinthepassageto________.A.showtheadvantagesofbricksandmortarstoresB.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitudeC.pushstorestousesightsandsoundsD.introducetheriseofecommerce26.Theunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph5means________.A.aplatformthatexhibitsgoodsB.aspotwheretravelersliketostayC．aplacewherecustomerslovetogoD.atargetthatastoreexpectstomeet27.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.compareandevaluate B.examineandassessC.argueanddiscuss D．informandexplainCYoumaynothaveheardofAshoka,butforthepast27years,thisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughtpovertyandsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses,Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smostpromising“changemakers”seekingtosolveurgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.Draytonbelievesthatanyonecanbecomeanagentforchange.Theimportantthingistosimplygiveyourselfpermission.Ifyouseeaproblemthatyoucareabout,youcanhelpsolveit.Theyounginparticulararewillingtoacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy,healthy,contributingadult.Infact,itismanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka,whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity,helpedlocalfarmersandprovidedanincomeforpoorpeoplethere.WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka'sstreets，attractingratsanddisease,theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecitytocompost(把……制成堆肥)thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalfertilisers(化肥)whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.Atfirst,theywererefused，butoncetheywereabletopersuadethemthattherewasmoneytobemade,theprojecttookoff.In2009saleswere$14,000.DraytonisoptimisticthatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious，practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.28.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Changemakers B.Businessmen[来源:.Com]C.SocialConditions D．RubbishProblem29.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3probablyrefersto“________”．A.thelocalfarmersB.MasqsoodandIftekharC.DraytonandhisteamD.thepoorpeopleinDhaka30.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatanyonecanbecomeachangemakerifhe________.A.considersDrayton'sconceptB.getspermissionfromAshokaC.triestoimprovesocialconditionsD.isayoung,happyandhealthyadult31.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsAshoka'sprogramcanbedescribedas________.A.changing B.forgivingC.cautious D.positiveDWhendifferentspeciesofbirdsflock(聚集)together,theirflightformationsaredeterminedbysocialdynamicsbothbetweenandwithinspecies.NewresearchfromtheUniversitiesofCambridgeandExeterrevealsforthefirsttimethat,contrarytocurrentmodelsusedtoexplainthemovementofflocks,thedifferencesbetweenbirdspeciesandsocialrelationshipsbetweenindividualsplayacriticalroleindeterminingthedynamicsofmixed­speciesflocks.Theunified(群集)behaviourofbirdflockshaspuzzledscientistsforhundredsofyears.Onenaturalistfromtheturnofthecenturyevensuggestedtelepathy(心灵感应)maybeinvolved.Therehavesincebeenmorelogicalexplanations,includingmathematicalmodelsthatshowthatrepeatedinteractionsamongindividualsfollowingsimplerulescangeneratecoordinated(协同的)groupmovements.However,thesemodelsusuallyrelyontheassumptionthatindividualswithingroupsareidenticalandinteractindependently,whichmaynotreflectreality.JolleJolles,aPhDstudentattheUniversityofCambridge'sDepartmentofZoologyandauthorofthepaper,said：“Spectacularcollectivebehaviourcanbefoundinalargerangeofanimalspecies,andwenowknowthatoftenthesecomplexcoordinatedgroupmovementsmaybetheresultofindividualsfollowingsimplerules.However,rarelyaretheindividualcharacteristicsandsocialrelationshipswithinthemtakenintoaccount.Ourresearchhighlightsthatthesestrikingdisplaysofgroupbehaviouraremuchmorecomplex.”Byanalysinghigh­resolutionphotographsofmixedflocksofrooksandjackdaws(bothfromthecorvidfamily),theresearchersfoundthatratherthanindividualsinteractinginaconsistentfashionthroughouttheflock,interactionsdependedonsocialdynamicsbetweenthedifferentspeciesaswellasrelationshipswithinaspecies.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatbirdsprefertoflyclosetomembersoftheirownspecies,andthatthelargerandmoredominantrookstaketheleadbyflyingnearthefrontofflocks.Additionally,thelifelong,monogamous(一妻一夫制的)pairbondsthatarecharacteristicofbothspeciesseemtobereflectedinflight,asbirdsoftenflyparticularlyclosetoasingle,samespeciespartner.DrAlexThornton,principalinvestigatoroftheCambridgeJackdawProject,nowattheUniversityofExeterandauthorofthepaper,said“Together,ourfindingsdemonstratethattounderstandthestructureofgroups，suchasbirdflocks，weneedtoconsiderthecharacteristicsandrelationshipsoftheindividualswithinthem.”32.Theunderlinedword“generate”means________.A．setdown B．takeawayC．bringabout D．giveup33．AccordingtoJolleJolles,whatareseldomconsideredaboutcoordinatedgroupmovement?A．Individualcharacteristicsandsocialrelationshipbetweenthem.B．Repeatedinteractionsamongindividualsandsocialdynamics.C．Telepathyandsocialrelationshipbetweenthem.D．Thestructureofgroupsandthevarietiesofspecies.34．Birdsmayprefertoflytheclosestto________.A．thelargestone B．themostdynamiconeC．thelifelongpartner D．thefriendlypartner35．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howbirdsinteractinsimplerules.B．Howbirdsofdifferentfeathersflocktogether.C．Whybirdsshowpreferencetoflocking.D．Whybirdsdisplaythecharacteristics.其次节：(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatdoyou,thetrees,andabirdhaveincommon?__36__Alllivingthingsmusthavewatertosurvive,whethertheygetitfromawaterfountain,araincloud,oralittlebottleattachedtothesideofabirdcage.__37__Watermakesupmorethanhalfofyourbodyweightandaper